Incidence of dementia in mild cognitive impairment in the cardiovascular health study cognition study.

Objectives: To examine the incidence of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study.

Design: Prospective epidemiological study.

Setting: The Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study of Pittsburgh, Pa, was conducted from 2002 through 2003 to determine the incidence of dementia in participants classified as having MCI in 1998 and 1999.

Education, cognitive test scores, and black-white differences in dementia risk.

Objectives: To compare dementia risks of elderly black and white subjects and to determine whether differences in education and cognitive test scores contribute to the inconsistency in reported differences between these groups.

Design: Longitudinal, 6-year follow-up.

Participants: Two thousand seven hundred eighty-six older black and white subjects in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Determinants of vascular dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.

Objective: The authors evaluated 3,375 participants without dementia at the time of MRI in 1991 to 1994 over 5.7 years for incident dementia and type of dementia.

Methods: Incidence of and risk factors for vascular dementia (VaD) were measured using both pre-MRI and modified State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) post-MRI review and further classified Alzheimer disease (AD) by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria.

Preclinical Alzheimer disease: neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset.

Objective: To determine if individuals ultimately diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) exhibited evidence of cognitive impairment on neuropsychological tests administered between 1.5 years and 8.1 years before dementia onset.

Incidence and prevalence of dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cohort.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study using prospectively and retrospectively collected data to evaluate dementia.

Setting: Four U.

Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2.

Objective: To examine the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a longitudinal population study-the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study.

Design: We examined the factors that in the period 1991 through 1994 predicted the development of MCI in all participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. Further examination was conducted in the Pittsburgh, Pa, cohort (n = 927), where participants with MCI were classified as having either the MCI amnestic-type or the MCI multiple cognitive deficits-type.

Prevalence and classification of mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 1.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its diagnostic classification in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cognition Study.

Design: The CHS Cognition Study is an ancillary study of the CHS that was conducted to determine the presence of MCI and dementia in the CHS cohort.

Setting: Multicenter population study.

A prospective clinical audit of neonatal resuscitation practices in Canada.

Purpose: This is a prospective audit to determine the frequency of resuscitation interventions in the clinical setting and to compare self-reports of clinical performance with the existing Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) and Canadian National Guidelines for Neonatal Resuscitation.

Subjects: Fifty-six level I, II, and III hospitals in Canada participated. Any infant requiring resuscitation, as defined by the need for at least positive pressure ventilation (PPV), was eligible for inclusion (n = 783 resuscitations).

Risk factors for dementia in the cardiovascular health cognition study.

Background: The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study has evaluated the determinants of dementia among 3,608 participants that had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in 1991 and were followed to 1998-1999.

Methods: There were 480 incident dementia cases, 330 (69%) were classified as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Results: In univariate analysis, low scores on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test as well as declines in scores over time prior to the development of dementia were significant predictors of dementia.

Children's Memory for Locations Visited: Importance of Movement and Choice.

In 2 experiments, the effect of active or passive mobility and active or passive choice experiences on children's memory for locations visited while retrieving puzzle pieces hidden in a large room were examined. In the first experiment, fifty-two 6- and 7-year-old children were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 training conditions: active choice-active movement, active choice-passive movement, passive choice-active movement, and passive choice-passive movement. After 3 training trials, all children were tested in the active choice-active movement condition.

Incidence, manifestations, and predictors of brain infarcts defined by serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background And Purpose: MRI-defined infarcts are common in the elderly. We sought to explore incidence, manifestations, and predictors of such infarcts.

Methods: The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a population-based, longitudinal study of 5888 people aged > or =65 years.

Silent MRI infarcts and the risk of future stroke: the cardiovascular health study.

Background: Silent infarcts are commonly discovered on cranial MRI in the elderly.

Objective: To examine the association between risk of stroke and presence of silent infarcts, alone and in combination with other stroke risk factors.

Methods: Participants (3,324) in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) without a history of stroke underwent cranial MRI scans between 1992 and 1994.

Factors associated with nursing diagnosis utilization in Canada.

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with nursing diagnosis utilization.

Methods: A retrospective chart audit was conducted on four hospital units over a 5-month period and linked to the nurses (N = 65) who participated in a survey on attitudes toward nursing diagnosis.

Findings: Computer-generated nursing care plans resulted in the greatest frequency of nursing diagnosis documentation.

Mental health of the Canadian population: a comprehensive analysis.

This study examines eight measures of mental health and looks for associations with nine potential demographic and psychosocial determinants. Data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), analyzed by logistic regression, reveal consistently strong, graded, independent associations of current stress, social support, life events, education and childhood traumas with both positive and negative indicators of mental health status. Sex differences exist for four of eight measures.

Influence of residential fungal contamination on peripheral blood lymphocyte populations in children.

Reported residential fungal contamination has been associated consistently with increased symptoms among occupants; however, an objective measure of a health effect is lacking, and a pathophysiologic mechanism has not been established. Our objective was to determine if exposure to indoor fungal contamination influenced T-cell differentiation. In this study, we contrasted lymphocyte populations, measured by flow cytometry, between a group of children who lived in homes with considerable fungal contamination (n = 39) and a group in less-contaminated homes (n = 20).

Education of women about the prevention of preterm birth.

Objectives: To describe: 1) The education of pregnant women by health care professionals about the prevention of preterm birth; and 2) professionals' views about future initiatives.

Background: A population survey of health professionals was conducted in Eastern Ontario. The response rate was 73% (608/835).

Association of cisplatin nephrotoxicity with patient characteristics and cisplatin administration methods.

Objective: To assess factors that affect cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Methods: In 425 patients treated with cisplatin, we assessed the effect of pretreatment factors and treatment conditions on the rise in serum creatinine with the first course of cisplatin, on the maximum rise in serum creatinine over the entire course of the cisplatin therapy, and on residual nephrotoxicity after the last cisplatin treatment ended. (Because of the nature of the relationship between serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, rise in serum creatinine was divided by pretreatment creatinine squared.

Evaluation of a fetal monitoring education program.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a fetal monitoring education program in increasing nurses' knowledge and clinical skills.

Design: Multicenter randomized control trial.

Setting: Twelve hospitals in eastern Ontario, Canada.

Change in smoking prevalence among pregnant women 1982-93.

Maternal smoking is the most prevalent risk factor for low birthweight in Canada. This study compared the prevalence of maternal smoking before and during pregnancy from 1983 to 1992. Population-based surveys of 3,296 women during six months in 1983 and 7,940 women during 12 months in 1992 were conducted in Ottawa-Carleton using a self-administered questionnaire completed in the hospital postpartum period.

Statistical power, sample size, and their reporting in randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To describe the pattern over time in the level of statistical power and the reporting of sample size calculations in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with negative results.

Design: Our study was a descriptive survey. Power to detect 25% and 50% relative differences was calculated for the subset of trials with negative results in which a simple two-group parallel design was used.

Factors affecting human autopsy kidney-cortex and kidney-medulla platinum concentrations after cisplatin administration.

The objective of this study was to determine factors that affect cisplatin concentrations in human kidney cortex. We used flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry to assay platinum in autopsy specimens of kidney cortex obtained from 83 cisplatin-treated patients. Concentrations were correlated with pretreatment factors and treatment conditions using univariate nonparametric statistics.

Experiences of student and practicing physical therapists with inappropriate patient sexual behavior.

Background And Purpose: The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the extent to which practicing physical therapists and physical therapy students have reported experiencing inappropriate patient sexual behavior (IPSB), (2) to document the consequences of IPSB, and (3) to identify the strategies the subjects have used to manage IPSB.

Subjects And Methods: A survey questionnaire was sent to 118 physical therapists and 87 physical therapy students. Completed questionnaires were returned by 74.

A randomized, controlled trial of radiograph ordering for extremity trauma in a pediatric emergency department.

Study Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether triage nurses using the Brand protocol would order fewer radiographs than would physicians carrying out standard practice procedures, without missing an increased number of joint or bone injuries; the test characteristics and the interobserver reliability of the Brand protocol; and whether having triage nurses order radiographs could reduce total patient waiting time in the emergency department.

Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: The ED of a free-standing children's hospital with approximately 55,000 visits annually.

The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain.

The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a behavioral assessment tool for the measurement of pain in the preterm and full-term neonate; (2) establish the construct and concurrent validity, interrater reliability, and internal consistency of the tool; and (3) examine the relationship between the pain scores and infant characteristics. Thirty-eight infants contributed to the 90 procedures videotaped for the study. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to score behavioral responses before, during, and after each intrusive procedure.