A multimodal exercise countermeasure prevents the negative impact of head-down tilt bed rest on muscle volume and mitochondrial health in older adults.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are thought to contribute to muscle atrophy and weakness that develop during ageing and mechanical unloading caused by immobilization, bed rest and microgravity. Older adults are at greater risk of developing muscle and mitochondrial dysfunctions in response to unloading. Although exercise is well known to promote muscle and mitochondrial health, its protective effect during mechanical unloading in older adults remains largely unexplored.

Occurrence of recreational water quality monitoring general fecal indicator bacteria and fecal source identification genetic markers in gray seal scat.

The number of gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) observed along the United States Northwest Atlantic region has been increasing for decades. These colonial animals often haul-out on beaches seasonally in numbers ranging from a few individuals to several thousands. While these larger aggregations are an important part of gray seal behavior, there is public concern that haul-outs could lead to large amounts of fecal waste in recreational areas, potentially resulting in beach closures.

MFN2 overexpression in skeletal muscles of young and old mice causes a mild hypertrophy without altering mitochondrial respiration and HO emission.

Aim: Sarcopenia, the aging-related loss of muscle mass and function, is a debilitating process negatively impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Although the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are incompletely understood, impairments in mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion, have been proposed as a contributing factor. However, the potential of upregulating mitochondrial fusion proteins to alleviate the effects of aging on skeletal muscles remains unexplored.

Serum metabolomic adaptations following a 12-week high-intensity interval training combined to citrulline supplementation in obese older adults.

Physical activity and nutrition play important roles in preventing adverse health outcomes that accompany aging. It has been shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with citrulline (CIT) supplementation can improve physical and functional capacities. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum metabolites following a 12-week HIIT combined or not with CIT in obese older adults, and to correlate the metabolic changes with clinico-biological parameters changes.

MYTHO is a novel regulator of skeletal muscle autophagy and integrity.

Autophagy is a critical process in the regulation of muscle mass, function and integrity. The molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy are complex and still partly understood. Here, we identify and characterize a novel FoxO-dependent gene, d230025d16rik which we named Mytho (Macroautophagy and YouTH Optimizer), as a regulator of autophagy and skeletal muscle integrity in vivo.

Serum Metabolome Adaptations Following 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Obese Older Adults.

Physical activity can be effective in preventing some of the adverse effects of aging on health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are beneficial interventions for the quality of life of obese older individuals. The understanding of all possible metabolic mechanisms underlying these beneficial changes has not yet been established.

The impact of high-fat feeding and parkin overexpression on skeletal muscle mass, mitochondrial respiration, and HO emission.

Obesity is a major risk factor for developing various health problems, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although controversial, accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, and notably an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was proposed as a key contributor leading to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Here, our goal was to investigate whether Parkin overexpression, a key regulator of the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy, could confer protection against obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Clinical and Biological Adaptations in Obese Older Adults Following 12-Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training.

Sarcopenia and obesity are considered a double health burden. Therefore, the implementation of effective strategies is needed to improve the quality of life of older obese individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional capacities, muscle function, body composition and blood biomarkers in obese older adults.

Impact of high-intensity interval training with or without l-citrulline on physical performance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in obese older adults.

Background: Aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength as well as an increase in adiposity. These changes may have devastating impact on the quality of life of older adults. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in aging-related and obesity-related deterioration of muscle function.

Regulation of muscle and mitochondrial health by the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in aged mice.

Key Points: The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for skeletal muscle health. Mitochondrial dynamics play key roles in mitochondrial quality control; however, the exact role that mitochondrial fission plays in the muscle ageing process remains unclear. Here we report that both Drp1 knockdown and Drp1 overexpression late in life in mice is detrimental to skeletal muscle function and mitochondrial health.

The clinical meaning of levodopa equivalent daily dose in Parkinson's disease.

Levodopa (L-dopa) remains the basis of pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, L-dopa therapy is associated with the development of complications and presents major challenges in the long-term treatment. Thus, other medications may be suggested to delay and/or reduce the doses of L-dopa in order to prevent complications.

High intensity interval training combined with L-citrulline supplementation: Effects on physical performance in healthy older adults.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of citrulline (CIT) supplementation combined to high intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical performance in healthy older adults.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis from a double-blind, randomized trial. Among the participants (sedentary & inactive older adults aged over 65 yrs), 44 were non obese (BMI <30 kg/m) and completed the intervention: Placebo + HIIT (PLA; n = 21) or CIT + HIIT (n = 23).

Drp1 knockdown induces severe muscle atrophy and remodelling, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy impairment and denervation.

Key Points: The maintenance of optimal mitochondrial content and function is critical for muscle health. Mitochondrial dynamics play key roles in mitochondrial quality control; however, the exact role that mitochondrial fission plays in skeletal muscle health remains unclear. Here we report knocking down Drp1 (a protein regulating mitochondrial fission) for 4 months in adult mouse skeletal muscle resulted in severe muscle atrophy (40-50%).

Effects of slow- fast-digested protein supplementation combined with mixed power training on muscle function and functional capacities in older men.

Ageing leads to a progressive loss of muscle function (MF) and quality (MQ: muscle strength (MS)/lean muscle mass (LM)). Power training and protein (PROT) supplementation have been proposed as efficient interventions to improve MF and MQ. Discrepancies between results appear to be mainly related to the type and/or dose of proteins used.

Initial Dietary Protein Intake Influence Muscle Function Adaptations in Older Men and Women Following High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Citrulline.

Background: This study evaluates whether the initial amount of dietary protein intake could influence the combined effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and citrulline (CIT), or HIIT alone, on body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacities in obese older adults.

Methods: Seventy-three sedentary obese older men and women who completed a 12-week elliptical HIIT program with double-blinded randomized supplementation of CIT or placebo (PLA) were divided into four groups according to their initial protein intake (CIT-PROT+: = 21; CIT-PROT-: = 19; PLA-PROT+: = 19; PLA-PROT-: = 14). Body composition (fat and fat-free masses), handgrip (HSr) strength, knee extensor (KESr) strength, muscle power, and functional capacities were measured pre-intervention and post-intervention.

Mechanism of HS Formation from the Metabolism of Anetholedithiolethione and Anetholedithiolone by Rat Liver Microsomes.

The drug anetholedithiolethione (ADT) and its analogs have been extensively used as HS donors. However, the mechanism of HS formation from ADT under biologic conditions remains almost completely unknown. This article shows that only small amounts of HS are formed during incubation of ADT and of its metabolite anetholedithiolone (ADO) with rat liver cytosol or with rat liver microsomes (RLM) in the absence of NADPH, indicating that HS formation under these conditions is of hydrolytic origin only to a minor extent.

Muscle adaptation in response to a high-intensity interval training in obese older adults: effect of daily protein intake distribution.

Background: Aging is associated with declines in muscle mass, strength and quality, leading to physical impairments. An even protein distribution in daily meals has recently been proposed along with adequate total protein intake as important modulators of muscle mass. In addition, due to its short duration, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been highlighted as a promising intervention to prevent physical deterioration.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with L-Citrulline Supplementation on Functional Capacities and Muscle Function in Dynapenic-Obese Older Adults.

Background: To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alone vs. HIIT combined with L-citrulline (CIT) supplementation on functional capacity and muscle function in dynapenic-obese elderly.

Methods: A total of 56 obese (fat mass: men > 25%, women > 35%) and dynapenic (grip strength/body weight: women < 0.

Reversible Detection and Quantification of Hydrogen Sulfide by Fluorescence Using the Hemoglobin I from Lucina pectinata.

A new detection system for the endogenous gaseous transmitter and environmental pollutant hydrogen sulfide is presented. It is based on the modulation of the fluorescence spectrum of a coumarin dye by the absorption spectrum of the recombinant hemoglobin I from clam Lucina pectinata upon coordination of the analyte. While we establish that the reported affinity of rHbI for HS has been overestimated, the association of the protein with an appropriate fluorophore allows fast, easy, and reversible detection and quantification of hydrogen sulfide in buffer as well as biological fluids such as human plasma, with a quantification limit around 200 nM at pH 7.

Metabolism of Anethole Dithiolethione by Rat and Human Liver Microsomes: Formation of Various Products Deriving from Its -Demethylation and -Oxidation. Involvement of Cytochromes P450 and Flavin Monooxygenases in These Pathways.

A study of the metabolism of anethole dithiolethione (ADT, 5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-1,2-dithiole-3-thione) by rat and human liver microsomes showed the formation of the corresponding -oxide and the -oxide of desmethyl-ADT (dmADT, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-1,2-dithiole-3-thione), and of p-methoxy-acetophenone (pMA) and p-hydroxy-acetophenone (pHA), in addition to the previously described metabolites, dmADT, anethole dithiolone (ADO, 5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-1,2-dithiole-3-one) and its demethylated derivative dmADO [5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-1,2-dithiole-3-one]. The microsomal metabolism of ADO under identical conditions led to dmADO and to pMA and pHA. The metabolites of ADT derive from two competing oxidative pathways: an -demethylation catalyzed by cytochromes P450 and an -oxidation mainly catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMO) and, to a minor extent, by CYP enzymes.

Differences in muscle adaptation to a 12-week mixed power training in elderly men, depending on usual protein intake.

Introduction: Normal aging is often associated with a decline of muscle mass (MM), strength (MS) and quality (MQ: MS/MM), leading to functional incapacities. This aging-related deterioration of muscles may involve a decreased protein intake. Mixed power training has been recently shown to induce positive effects on MM, MS and MQ.

Functional capacity depends on lower limb muscle strength rather than on abdominal obesity in active postmenopausal women.

Objective: An association has been found between abdominal obesity and functional capacity (FC) in the literature where waist circumference has been used to infer abdominal obesity. However, most studies focused on evaluating predictors of FC and functional disabilities only in sedentary people. This study aimed to examine whether abdominal obesity is associated with FC in physically active postmenopausal women.

Natural history of periodontitis: Disease progression and tooth loss over 40 years.

Objectives: To assess long-term attachment and periodontitis-related tooth loss (PTL) in untreated periodontal disease over 40 years.

Material And Methods: Data originated from the natural history of periodontitis study in Sri Lankan tea labourers first examined in 1970. In 2010, 75 subjects (15.

Is handgrip strength normalized to body weight a useful tool to identify dynapenia and functional incapacity in post-menopausal women?

Objective: To investigate whether handgrip strength normalized to body weight could be a useful clinical tool to identify dynapenia and assess functional capacity in post-menopausal women.

Method: A total of 136 postmenopausal women were recruited. Body composition (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry [DEXA], Bio-electrical Impedence Analysis [BIA]), grip strength (dynamometer) and functional capacity (senior fitness tests) were evaluated.