Barriers and Facilitators of Self-Management in Older People with Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review Focusing on Cognitive Impairment.

Over the past decades, life expectancy of people with type 1 diabetes has increased considerably, which brings potential challenges due to the process of aging. Cognitive aging and dementia, as well as reductions in visual acuity, hearing and dexterity, can influence the frequency and quality of daily self-management activities, including medication taking and insulin dosing, glucose self-monitoring, and healthy eating. This can increase the risk for hypo- and hyperglycemic events, which, in turn, may contribute to cognitive decline.

Attention Deficits in Healthcare Workers with Non-Clinical Burnout: An Exploratory Investigation.

Burnout syndrome is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced effectiveness. Workers with high burnout scores who continue their professional activities are identified as experiencing non-clinical burnout (NCB), which includes early stages where burnout symptoms (BNS) are present but not yet severe enough to necessitate work leave. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BNS on attention performance among healthcare workers (HCWs) at a COVID-19 reference hospital during the pandemic.

Association between attention performance and the different dimensions of DSM-5 depression symptoms.

Objective: Depressive symptoms can be assessed with self-reported questionnaires, such as the Patient Health Questionary-9 (PHQ-9). Previous studies have suggested that the PHQ-9 items can be grouped into somatic and non-somatic clusters. However, the classification of the PHQ-9 item "concentration difficulties" into somatic or non-somatic is still controversial.

Influence of natalizumab on resting-state connectivity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Changes in brain connectivity occur in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), even in patients under disease-modifying therapies. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to asses patients treated with disease-modifying therapies, such as natalizumab, can elucidate the mechanisms involved in clinical deterioration in MS.

Objectives: To evaluate differences in resting-state functional connectivity among MS patients treated with natalizumab, MS patients not treated with natalizumab, and controls.

Attention deficits in Brazilian health care workers with chronic pain.

The impact of COVID-19 on chronic pain (CP) in non-infected vulnerable South American subjects is unknown. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk for CP. During the pandemic, many HCWs with CP kept working.

Spirituality as a protective factor for chronic and acute anxiety in Brazilian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Background: Anxiety symptoms (AS) are exacerbated in healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Spirituality is known to protect against AS in the general population and it is a construct that differs from religion. It can be assessed using structured questionnaires.

The association between diabetes mellitus and incidence of depressive episodes is different based on sex: insights from ELSA-Brasil.

Objective: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and incidence of depressive episodes among men and women.

Methods: Data were used from 12,730 participants (5866 men and 6864 women) at baseline (2008-2010) and follow-up 1 (2012-2014) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort of Brazilian civil servants. Participants were classified for diabetes using self-reported and clinical information, and evaluated for presence of depressive episodes by the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R).

Attention profile of physically recovered COVID-19 inpatients on the day of discharge.

Few studies have reported specific attention deficits in post-COVID-19 patients. Attention consists of different subdomains. Disruptions to specific attention subdomains might impair a wide range of everyday tasks, including road safety.

Cerebellar Symptoms in Gluten Sensitivity: a Systematic Review of the Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet on Brain Imaging.

Cerebellar manifestations have been described in patients with gluten sensitivity (GS)-related disorders. A better understanding of the neurological manifestations of GS requires the use of neuroimaging techniques. We performed a systematic review on neuroimaging findings in GS patients with cerebellar symptoms.

Diabetes Self-Care in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: How Does Cognition Influence Self-Management.

With increasing knowledge and improvements in options for glycemic control, the life-expectancy of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased considerably over the past decades. Whereas this is undeniably positive for patients, aging is related to natural decline in cognitive functions. As patients with T1DM across the life-span are susceptible to cognitive deterioration, an interaction with aging may be expected and the risk of development of dementia might be increased.

Cognitive Functioning and Hippocampal Connectivity in Patients With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes and Apolipoprotein E ε4.

Objective: While the apolipoprotein E 4 allele (ApoE-4) is related to cognitive and brain decline in the general population, its effect on the brain in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to determine the interaction between ApoE-4 and T1DM on cognitive performance and hippocampal structure and connectivity as the brain area most vulnerable to ApoE-4 effects in adult patients with T1DM.

Research Design And Methods: Blood sampling was performed in 104 patients with T1DM and 49 control subjects for ApoE genotyping, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging to determine hippocampal volume and resting-state connectivity.

Assessment of Attentional Functioning in Health Professionals of a Brazilian Tertiary Referral Hospital for COVID-19.

This study is aimed at assessing differences in basic attentional functioning between substantial and minimal work-related exposure to COVID-19 patients in professionals working in a tertiary referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Therefore, hospital employees performed a Continuous Visual Attention Test. This test consisted of a 90-second Go/No-Go task with 72 (80%) targets and 18 (20%) nontargets.

Structural Gray and White Matter Correlates of Awareness in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Unawareness of disease is a common feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but few studies explored its neural correlates. Additionally, neural correlates according to the object of awareness are unexplored.

Objective: To investigate structural brain correlates in relation to different objects of awareness.

Clinical Utility of a Reaction-Time Attention Task in the Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly with High Educational Disparity.

Background: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale is commonly used to stage cognitive impairment, despite having educational limitations. In elderly with low education, a previous study has shown that intraindividual variability of reaction time (CV) and commission errors (CE), measured using a culture-free Go/No-Go task, can reliably distinguish early Alzheimer's disease (AD) from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls.

Objective: We aimed to extend the clinical utility of this culture-free Go/No-Go task in a sample with high educational disparity.

Posterior cingulate gyri metabolic alterations in HIV-positive patients with and without memory deficits.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with and without clinically significant memory deficits and healthy control participants differ on in vivo hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the posterior cingulate gyri.

Materials And Methods: In total, 21 HIV-positive patients with memory deficit (HIV+wMD) were compared with 15 HIV-positive patients without memory deficit (HIV+wOMD) and 22 sex-, age-, and education-matched control participants. Memory impairments were classified based on the participants' performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Detection of Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly with a Low Educational Level Using a Reaction-Time Attention Task.

Background: Scales for cognitive deterioration usually depend on education level.

Objective: We aimed to study the clinical utility of a culture-free Go/No-Go task in a multi-ethnic cohort with low education level.

Methods: Sixty-four participants with less than 4 years of formal education were included and divided on the basis of their Clinical-Dementia-Rate scores (CDR) into cognitively unimpaired (CDR = 0), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; CDR = 0.

Cerebral effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor blockade before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese women: A proof-of-concept resting-state functional MRI study.

Aim: To assess the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB)-related changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on cerebral resting-state functioning in obese women.

Materials And Methods: In nine obese females aged 40-54 years in the fasted state, we studied the effects of RYGB and GLP-1 on five a priori selected networks implicated in food- and reward-related processes as well as environment monitoring (default mode, right frontoparietal, basal ganglia, insula/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal networks).

Results: Before surgery, GLP-1 receptor blockade (using exendin9-39) was associated with increased right caudate nucleus (basal ganglia network) and decreased right middle frontal (right frontoparietal network) connectivity compared with placebo.

Biopsychosocial factors associated with a current depressive episode in diabetes: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Aims: Depression is more prevalent in people with diabetes, and is associated with worse diabetes outcomes. Depression in diabetes is more treatment resistant, and as underlying mechanisms are unknown, development of more effective treatment strategies is complicated. A biopsychosocial model may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, and therewith help improving treatment options.

Motivation: key to a healthy lifestyle in people with diabetes? Current and emerging knowledge and applications.

Aim: Motivation to take up and maintain a healthy lifestyle is key to diabetes prevention and management. Motivations are driven by factors on the psychological, biological and environmental levels, which have each been studied extensively in various lines of research over the past 25 years. Here, we analyse and reflect on current and emerging knowledge on motivation in relation to lifestyle behaviours, with a focus on people with diabetes or obesity.

The cognitive and psychological effects of living with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review.

Across the lifespan, type 1 diabetes mellitus has a profound (neuro)psychological impact. In young people, type 1 diabetes can interfere with psychosocial development and hamper school performance. In adulthood, it can interfere with work life, relationships and parenting.

Diabetes mellitus in the young and the old: Effects on cognitive functioning across the life span.

Mild to moderate cognitive decrements are a well-known phenomenon associated with diabetes mellitus. In this review, we provide an overview of the cognitive consequences of type 1 and type 2 diabetes based on hallmark studies that follow patients over an extended period of time. In patients with type 1 diabetes, cognitive dysfunction appears soon after diagnosis and can be found in individuals of any age.

The presence of cerebral white matter lesions and lower skin microvascular perfusion predicts lower cognitive performance in type 1 diabetes patients with retinopathy but not in healthy controls-A longitudinal study.

Objective: Cognitive impairments in type 1 diabetes may result from hyperglycemia-associated cerebral microangiopathy. We aimed to identify cerebral microangiopathy and skin microvascular dysfunction-as a surrogate marker for generalized microvascular function-as predictors of cognitive performance over time.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 25 type 1 diabetes patients with proliferative retinopathy and 25 matched healthy controls underwent neurocognitive testing at baseline and after follow-up (3.