Predictors of Problematic Social Media Use in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents in Luxembourg.

Social media use has increased substantially over the past decades, especially among adolescents. A proportion of adolescents develop a pattern of problematic social media use (PSMU). Predictors of PSMU are insufficiently understood and researched.

Patterns of Health-Related Gender Inequalities-A Cluster Analysis of 45 Countries.

Purpose: The paper explores gender inequalities between 45 countries across 10 health indicators among adolescents and whether those differences in health correlate with gender inequality in general.

Methods: Data from 71,942 students aged 15 years from 45 countries who participated in the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were analyzed. For this purpose, 10 indicators were selected, representing a broad spectrum of health outcomes.

Comparing strategies for matching mortality forecasts to the most recently observed data: exploring the trade-off between accuracy and robustness.

Background: Given the increased link between retirement age and payments to the development in life expectancy, a precise and regular forecast of life expectancy is of utmost importance. The choice of the jump-off rates, i.e.

The future of smoking-attributable mortality: the case of England & Wales, Denmark and the Netherlands.

Aims: We formally estimate future smoking-attributable mortality up to 2050 for the total national populations of England & Wales, Denmark and the Netherlands, providing an update and extension of the descriptive smoking-epidemic model.

Methods: We used smoking prevalence and population-level lung cancer mortality data for England & Wales, Denmark and the Netherlands, covering the period 1950-2009. To estimate the future smoking-attributable mortality fraction (SAF) we: (i) project lung cancer mortality by extrapolating age-period-cohort trends, using the observed convergence of smoking prevalence and similarities in past lung cancer mortality between men and women as input; and (ii) add other causes of death attributable to smoking by applying a simplified version of the indirect Peto-Lopez method to the projected lung cancer mortality.

[Pseudomyxoma peritonei].

Pseudomyxoma peritonei was diagnosed in 3 men aged 38, 66 and 54 years with weight loss and distension of the abdomen. Pseudomyxoma peritonei results from seeding of the peritoneal cavity with mucus-producing epithelium. The disease is traditionally characterized by accumulation of huge amounts of mucinous ascites, relatively long survival and absence of distant, extraperitoneal metastases.

Effects of pentoxifylline and polymyxin B on the acute-phase-response to Escherichia coli endotoxin in dwarf goats.

The purpose of this study was to assess whether polymyxin B together with pentoxifylline, had beneficial effects on the acute-phase-response to E. coli endotoxin in the dwarf goat (n = 6). Polymyxin B partly neutralizes E.

Pentoxifylline pretreatment fails to block the acute-phase response to Escherichia coli endotoxin in dwarf goats.

The purpose of this study was to assess whether pentoxifylline, a drug that can inhibit the production and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines, had beneficial effects on the acute-phase response to E. coli endotoxin in the dwarf goat. First, the effects of 0.

Effects of dopamine receptor agonists on food intake and rumen motility in dwarf goats.

In ruminants, the dopaminergic regulation of feeding behaviour has not been investigated. Therefore, the effects of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on food intake and forestomach motility were studied in dwarf goats. Goats treated i.

Effects of flurbiprofen on recombinant human IL-1 alpha-induced fever and associated clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes in the dwarf goat.

Flurbiprofen, a potent NSAID, was given as an intravenous infusion (1 mg/kg) to dwarf goats. After drug administration, no significant changes were observed in heart rate and rumen motility, whereas rectal temperature increased slightly; mean plasma glucose and creatinine concentrations gradually increased during the observation period. Plasma iron concentration and the number of circulating lymphocytes were significantly lower after flurbiprofen infusion.

Clinical significance of intranodal and extranodal growth in lymph node metastases of non-small cell lung cancer.

In non-small cell lung cancer with mediastinal lymph node metastasis, intranodal growth is regarded as prognostically more favourable than extranodal growth. We evaluated the clinical implications. Mediastinal lymph node metastases removed at mediastinoscopy and/or surgery were classified as intranodal, extranodal or indefinite.

Food intake and rumen motility in dwarf goats. Effects of atipamezole on the inhibitory effects induced by detomidine, medetomidine and romifidine.

The effects of some alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole on food intake and ruminal contractions were studied in dwarf goats. Detomidine, 0.2 microgram/kg per min for 10 min, failed to modify food intake during either the first or second observation period (0-30 min and 180-210 min after drug infusion, respectively).

Mediastinal lymph node dissection in resected lung cancer: morbidity and accuracy of staging.

A study was performed to investigate the morbidity of mediastinal lymph node dissection (MND) and to establish its contribution to the accuracy of staging in surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer. Between 1988 and the middle of 1991 a systematic sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes was done in 20 patients and a MND was carried out in 65 patients. Data from these patients were compared with those from a control group of 70 patients operated on in 1986 and 1987, who would have had MND if they had been treated in the years after 1988.

The regulation of oxidative drug metabolism by growth hormone in the dwarf goat: differences from and similarities to the mechanisms in rats.

The effects of bovine GH (BST), administered in different dose patterns, on in-vivo oxidative drug metabolism, were studied in female dwarf goats. Animals received recombinantly derived methionyl BST at a dose of 500 micrograms/kg body weight per 24 h for 6 days. It was administered to one group of goats as one s.

Tumor embolus in lung surgery. A case report and review of the literature.

A 71-year-old man underwent a completion pneumonectomy for a recurrent carcinosarcoma of the left upper lobe. A single lumen endotracheal tube was used for intubation. During dissection the right main bronchus became blocked by a tumor mass.

Fever and acute phase response induced in dwarf goats by endotoxin and bovine and human recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a polypeptide produced by mononuclear phagocytes, has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammatory processes and of clinical manifestations in acute infectious diseases. To study further the potential role of TNF in infectious diseases, recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived human (r.

Changes in food intake and forestomach motility of dwarf goats by recombinant bovine cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-2) and IFN-gamma.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of rboIL-1 beta, rboIL-2, and rboIFN-gamma on food intake and forestomach motility in conscious dwarf goats. The intravenous injection of rboIL-1 beta (1 micrograms kg-1) resulted in tachycardia and an immediate fever that reached peak values 45 and 180 min after injection. At 9 to 13 min after rboIL-1 beta administration, both frequency and amplitude of rumen contractions rapidly diminished, being minimal at 30 min; during the fever, all goats refused to eat.

Effects of Ehrlichia phagocytophila infection on serum thyroid hormone concentrations and on antipyrine clearance and metabolite formation in dwarf goats.

The influence of infection with Ehrlichia phagocytophila (EP) on serum thyroid hormone concentrations and on antipyrine (25 mg/kg of body weight, IV) plasma elimination and urinary metabolite excretion was studied in castrated male dwarf goats. Mean thyroid hormone concentrations moderately decreased in EP-infected goats, with maximal decrease in total and free triiodothyronine and thyroxine serum concentrations of 56, 64, 23, and 19%, respectively. The estimated pharmacokinetic values of antipyrine (AP) in EP-infected goats were similar to those in the goats when healthy.

Effects of triiodothyronine treatment on pharmacokinetic properties and metabolite formation of antipyrine in dwarf goats.

The influence of triiodothyronine (5 micrograms/kg of body weight, sc, q 12 h for 7 days) on antipyrine (AP, 25 mg/kg, IV) plasma elimination and urinary metabolite excretion was studied in castrated male dwarf goats. After triiodothyronine treatment, a significant increase in AP elimination was found. However, the observed changes in clearances for production of AP metabolites (nor-AP, 3-hydroxymethyl-AP; 4-hydroxy-AP, and 4,4'-dihydroxy-AP) do not suggest a clear selectivity of triiodothyronine toward any of the metabolic pathways of AP.

Acute phase responses induced in dwarf goats by r.BolL(-1beta), r.BolL(-2) and r.BolFN(-gamma).

The contribution of each of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to specific components of the host response to infection remains unclear. Therefore, the effects of single doses of cytokines were studied in dwarf goats. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of r.

Food intake and rumen motility in dwarf goats. Effects of some serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists.

The serotonergic regulation of feeding behaviour has not so far been studied in ruminants. Therefore, the effects of some serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists on food intake and forestomach motility were studied in dwarf goats. Goats ate less food when treated intravenously (IV) with the 5-HT precursor 5-HTP (25 micrograms, 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1 over 15 min) than when they were treated with 5-HT (which does not pass the blood-brain barrier) or with saline.

Accuracy of computed tomography of the mediastinum in bronchogenic carcinoma.

The results of preoperative CT-scanning were compared with the pathological findings in lymph-nodes taken at mediastinoscopy and/or thoracotomy in 144 patients to determine the accuracy of CT of the mediastinum in staging lung cancer. Ninety-nine patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 31 adenocarcinoma, nine undifferentiated large-cell carcinoma and five patients had carcinoma of a mixed cellular type. Mediastinoscopy was done in 105 patients and thoracotomy in 126.

Feed intake and rumen motility in dwarf goats. Effects of some alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, prostaglandins and posterior pituitary hormones.

The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that drug-induced changes in rumen contractions influence feed intake in dwarf goats. Intravenous (i.v.