Molecular ion sources for low energy semiconductor ion implantation (invited).

Smaller semiconductors require shallow, low energy ion implantation, resulting space charge effects, which reduced beam currents and production rates. To increase production rates, molecular ions are used. Boron and phosphorous (or arsenic) implantation is needed for P-type and N-type semiconductors, respectively.

Correlates of Lifetime History of Purchasing Sex Services by Men in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

Commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the Russian Federation are at high risk of HIV infection and transmission as a result of unsafe sexual and injecting behaviors. Their clients might be at increased risk of acquiring HIV; however, little is known about the population of men purchasing sex services. This study aims to investigate factors associated with a history of purchasing sex services by men in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, Russian Federation.

Development of the ion source for cluster implantation.

Bernas ion source development to meet needs of 100s of electron-volt ion implanters for shallow junction production is in progress in Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics. The ion sources provides high intensity ion beam of boron clusters under self-cleaning operation mode. The last progress with ion source operation is presented.

[Neurospecific proteins and autoantibodies in serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke].

Neurospecific enolase (NSE), gliofibrillar acid protein (GFAP), S100 protein and autoantibodies (AAB) to these proteins have been measured in the blood of 42 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Concentrations of all parameters we re increased in patients compared to the control group. There were a positive correlations between contents of AAB to GFAP and AAB to NSE (r = 0.

[Autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acid protein in patients with different forms of cerebral vascular pathology].

Autoantibodies to neurospecific proteins are currently reported to play a role in the development of organic brain damage. To study a diagnostic value of concentration of autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acid protein (AAB to GFAP), the latter was determined in the blood serum of patients with different forms of cerebral vascular damage. The 1st group included 22 patients with cerebral vascular insufficiency, stage II, the 2nd - 14 patients with ischemic heart disease without sings of cerebral damage and the 3rd - 27 patients with acute ischemic carotid stroke.

Aldehydes and disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism: some consequences and possible approaches to its normalization.

There are many well-documented errors of metabolism involving genetic defects that affect carbohydrate utilization. The array of disorders includes the defective utilization of glucose, as well as enzymatic deficiencies in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Besides, there is considerable literature about metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Effects of chronic neuroticization on the monoaminergic systems of different structures in the brains of rats with different typological characteristics.

The levels of monoamines and their metabolites were studied by HPLC with electrochemical detection in homogenates of hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala in intact and neuroticized Wistar rats with different types of behavior in the open field and forced swimming tests. Intact rats with intermediate levels of activity and depressivity had higher serotonin concentrations in the hypothalamus and lower noradrenaline and hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the hippocampus than rats characterized by low activity and high depressivity. In neuroticization, the levels of study monoamines and their metabolites decreased in all the brain structures investigated with the exceptions of an increase in the dopamine concentration in the hippocampus and the dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration in the prefrontal cortex.

Cumene peroxide and Fe(2+)-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and effect of phosphoglucose isomerase.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of cytotoxic aldehydes produced in cells as a result of lipid peroxidation and further MDA metabolism in cytoplasm is not known. In our experiments the liver fraction 10,000 g containing phosphoglucose isomerase and enzymes of the glyoxalase system was used and obtained experimental data shows that in this fraction there is an aggregate of reactions taking place both in membranes (lipid peroxidation) and outside membranes. MDA accumulation is relatively slow because MDA is a substrate of aldehyde isomerase (MDA <--> methylglyoxal).

A new role of phosphoglucose isomerase. Involvement of the glycolytic enzyme in aldehyde metabolism.

Lipid peroxidation in biological membranes is accompanied by malonic dialdehyde (MDA) formation, but the problem of its further metabolism in cytoplasm remains unsolved. The experimental data obtained in this work showed that the liver fraction prepared by centrifugation at 10,000g contained phosphoglucose isomerase and enzymes of the glyoxalase system. In this fraction in the presence of GSH there is an aggregate of reactions taking place both in membranes (lipid peroxidation) and outside membranes (MDA conversion to methylglyoxal and further to neutral D-lactate).

[The influence of chronic neurotization on the monoaminergic systems of various brain structures in rats with various typological characteristics].

Typological behavioral features of Wistar rats were tested in the open field and in Porsolt test. Rats were assigned to groups with high (HAct), medium (MAct), and low (LAct) behavioral activities. The same rats were assigned to high (HDep), medium (MDep) and low depressive (LDep) groups.

[Markers of inflammation, autoantibodies to neurospecific antigens and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke].

To identify biochemical markers for carotid stroke outcome, blood serum levels of inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, soluble p-selectin) and autoantibodies (AAB) to neurospecific antigens (glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron specific enolase, S-100 protein) were studied in 27 patients (mean age 64 +/- 6 years) with acute ischemic stroke in inner carotid artery system on day 1-2 and 21 of the disease onset. To day 21, patients with good rehabilitation of neurological functions (group 1) demonstrated a decrease of C-reactive protein and soluble p-selectin concentrations, and unfavorable disease course was associated with a significant (p<0.05) increase of concentrations of these indices.

Hemodynamic effects of tetrindol in alert normotensive mice and rats after blockade of nitric oxide synthesis.

Single intravenous injection of antidepressant tetrindol (1 and 10 mg/kg), a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, dose-dependently decreased heart rate and mean arterial pressure (in a concentration of 10 mg/kg) in alert NMRI mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. Nitric oxide synthase blockade with L-NAME attenuated tetrindol-induced bradycardia in rats and completely abolished this effect in mice.

[Comparative study of hemodynamic effects of antidepressants (tetrindole and desipramine) during immobilization stress in hypertensive rats].

Tetrindole (a tetracyclic antidepressant, reversible MAO inhibitor of the A type) and desipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant, nonselective inhibitor of the reverse catecholamine trapping) produce opposite hemodynamic effects in stroke-prone hypertensive rats (SHR-SP): tetrindole reduced, whereas desipramine increased, the heart rate and arterial pressure. Under the acute immobilization stress conditions in SHR-SP, tetrindole inhibited development of the post-stressor tachycardia, while desipramine did not change the heart rate and increased the arterial pressure.

[Systemic and regional hemodynamics in alert rats with increasing hyperthermia].

The changes in the parameters of systemic and regional hemodynamics during thermal stress were followed up in awake male Wistar rats. The cardiac output (CO) and blood flow in 16 zones of the body were measured by means of 15 microns microspheres labeled by 4 different isotopes. The blood flow increased in the skin of the tail, the liver, heart, adrenals, and skeletal muscles and reduced in the organs of the splanchnic region and kidneys.

[Hemodynamic mechanisms of the hypotensive effect of cobalt in anesthetized rats].

Hemodynamic mechanisms of Co(2+)-evoked hypotension were studied in pentobarbital--anesthetised male Wistar rats. Bolus i.v.

[Changes in the systemic and regional hemodynamics, hydration and engorgement of the lungs during occlusion of the thoracic aorta].

The occlusion of the rat aorta's thoracic portion induces within 30 min hemodynamic shifts in major and minor circulation typical for a hypertensive incident. The occurring 4-5-fold increase of the lung venous pressure leads to no regular lung oedema and is of no major importance for its pathogenesis.

[Differences in the redistribution of cardiac output during hyperthermia in waking rats and guinea pigs].

The heat stress induced common responses in rats and guinea pigs: an increase in the blood flow at the sites of heat radiation and in the diaphragm, and its decrease in splanchnic area's organs and in kidneys while cardiac output remained constant. The species differences occurred in the responses of intestine and skeletal muscles' vessels. The differences seem to be due mainly to the differences in behavioral responses to the heat stress in these animals.

Simple method to produce acute heart failure by coronary vessel embolization in closed chest rats with microspheres.

Changes in left ventricle (LV) function, systemic, and regional hemodynamics as a result of coronary artery embolization by 15 microns microspheres were studied in rats. Selective coronary embolization was produced by injection of microspheres during ascending aorta occlusion animals by using an "L"-shaped wire in closed chest animals. Maximal developed LV systolic pressure (LVSPmax) was determined during ascending aorta occlusion.

The cardiac contractile function and hemodynamic control in rats after chronic adriamycin treatment.

Cardiac contractile function and hemodynamic parameters of control and adriamycin-treated (2 mg/kg once a week for 10 weeks) rats were studied both in the anesthetized (hexenal, 20 mg/kg) and conscious state. Radiolabelled microspheres (diameter, 15 microns) were used to measure systemic and regional hemodynamics. No significant differences between the control and adriamycin-treated groups in cardiac contractile function, total peripheral resistance, and regional blood flow (except muscles) was found in anesthetized animals.