Radiation exposure during chest X-ray examinations in a premature intensive care unit: phantom studies.

Background: There are few reports on the radiation dose received by infants, their family and radiographers exposed to scatter radiation in a premature baby intensive care unit.

Objective: To evaluate the degree of radiation exposure from diagnostic X-ray examinations with mobile X-ray machines in a premature intensive care unit.

Materials And Methods: The radiation exposure of an adjacent newborn, the radiographer and other persons in the room was simulated using phantoms during X-ray examination of the chest using vertical and horizontal beams.

Reflux in young patients: comparison of voiding US of the bladder and retrovesical space with echo enhancement versus voiding cystourethrography for diagnosis.

Purpose: To compare the usefulness of voiding US of the bladder and retrovesical space with echo enhancement with that of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to assess patient tolerance of the echo-enhancing agent.

Materials And Methods: One hundred eighty-eight patients (aged 5 days to 20 years) referred for investigation of VUR underwent voiding US with echo enhancement, which was followed by VCUG in 110 patients (226 kidney-ureter units). After US of the renal tract, the bladder was filled with normal saline solution.

A rare form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia-type A4.

We present 2 cases of a previously apparently unreported spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia comprising dwarfism, severe metaphyseal changes, ovoid vertebrae and mild platyspondyly with anterior tonguing of the vertebral bodies. The inheritance may be autosomal recessive.