Long-term enteral nutrition with a nasogastric tube can be safe and effective: A case report.

Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is a vital feeding practice for those who have chronic disorders that prevent them from eating normally. Although short-term feeding is predominantly done via nasogastric (NG) tubes and long-term feeding is done via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, we present a case that demonstrates that the long-term use of NG tubes may be possible. Our case involves an adult woman who has been fed via an NG tube for >3 years with no complications.

Adult patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: Teduglutide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue approved for the treatment of short bowel syndrome associated with chronic intestinal failure (SBS-IF) in adult patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to reduce parenteral support (PS) requirement. This study aimed to describe the effect of 18-month treatment with teduglutide, evaluating PS and factors associated with PS volume reduction of ≥20% from baseline and weaning.

Review and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Modalities Used in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease.

Background: There is controversy over the recommendations for specific serological strategies implemented and the need for a biopsy to confirm celiac disease (CeD). We reviewed and appraised the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to assess the quality and reliability of recommendations for CeD diagnosis in pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: We searched databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL, between December 2010 and January 2021 for CPGs.

Patient Perspectives on the Long-term Management of Celiac Disease.

Goal: The aim of this study was to survey adults with celiac disease (CD) on the utility of specific aspects of follow-up and on information needs.

Background: Currently, the treatment for CD is strict gluten avoidance. Although this places the onus on the patient for disease management, patient perspectives on CD care have not been formally assessed.

Home parenteral nutrition patients on mixed oil lipid emulsion have a higher rate of hospitalizations compare to those on soybean oil- a prospective 2-year cohort study.

Background & Aims: Mixed oil intravenous lipid emulsion (MO ILE) that contains 30% soybean oil (SO), 30% medium chain triglycerides, 25% olive oil and 15% fish oil can benefit hospitalized patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) but there are very few studies on its long-term use. Our goal was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of adults receiving home PN (HPN) with MO versus those receiving SO ILE over a 2-year period.

Method: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from a cohort of patients recorded in the Canadian HPN Registry over a 2-year period.

Home parenteral nutrition in older vs younger patients: Clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Background: There is a demographic shift toward older patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN), but data on clinical outcomes are limited. The objective of this study was to determine differences between older and younger HPN patients in regard to HPN indications, prescriptions, and outcomes over the first 2 years receiving HPN.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from HPN adult patients entered in the Canadian HPN Registry.

Dietary gluten avoidance in Canada: a cross-sectional study using survey data.

Background: A gluten-free diet (GFD) is required for the management of some conditions, whereas some Canadians may follow a GFD for discretionary reasons. We sought to estimate the prevalence of Canadians who adhere to a GFD, identify factors associated with adherence to a GFD, and describe and compare the location of food preparation and consumption for those who follow a GFD, those who report no dietary avoidances and those reporting other dietary avoidances.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition ( = 20 487).

Evaluation of Nutrition Status Using the Subjective Global Assessment: Malnutrition, Cachexia, and Sarcopenia.

The subjective global assessment (SGA) is a nutrition assessment tool that refers to an overall evaluation of a patient's history and physical examination and uses structured clinical parameters to diagnose malnutrition. The SGA is known to be a reliable and valid tool that predicts morbidity and mortality associated with malnutrition. The objective of SGA is to identify patients likely to benefit from nutrition intervention and therefore to identify persons in whom inadequate nutrition intake or absorption explain features of malnutrition, including body wasting.

Trends and Novel Research in Hospital Nutrition Care: A Narrative Review of Leading Clinical Nutrition Journals.

Hospital malnutrition is a longstanding problem that continues to be underrecognized and undertreated. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize novel, solution-focused, recent research or commentary to update providers on the prevention of iatrogenic malnutrition as well as the detection and treatment of hospital malnutrition. A narrative review was completed using the top 11 clinically relevant nutrition journals.

Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey.

Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487).

Exposure sources, amounts and time course of gluten ingestion and excretion in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet.

Background: A major deficit in understanding and improving treatment in coeliac disease (CD) is the lack of empiric data on real world gluten exposure.

Aims: To estimate gluten exposure on a gluten-free diet (GFD) using immunoassays for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) and to examine relationships among GIP detection, symptoms and suspected gluten exposures METHODS: Adults with biopsy-confirmed CD on a GFD for 24 months were recruited from a population-based inception cohort. Participants kept a diary and collected urine samples for 10 days and stools on days 4-10.

Fracture risk assessment in celiac disease: a registry-based cohort study.

Unlabelled: Celiac disease is associated with an increased fracture risk but is not a direct input to the FRAX® calculation. When celiac disease is considered as a secondary osteoporosis risk factor or BMD is included in the FRAX assessment, FRAX accurately predicts fracture risk.

Introduction: The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) uses clinical factors and bone mineral density (BMD) measurement to predict 10-year major osteoporotic (MOF) fracture probability.

Survival of Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome on Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Survival of patients with short-bowel syndrome (SBS) receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and associated factors have not been reported recently in North America. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term survival of adult patients with SBS as the primary indication for HPN and assess factors that may affect survival by using the Canadian HPN Registry.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data extracted from the HPN registry, prior to approval of teduglutide in Canada.

Development of the Dietitian Integrated Evaluation Tool for Gluten-free Diets (DIET-GFD).

Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) treatment involves a gluten-free diet (GFD). There is no standardized tool for dietitians to objectively grade GFD adherence. This study aimed to develop a standardized tool for dietitians to evaluate and communicate GFD adherence.

Can individuals with celiac disease identify gluten-free foods correctly?

Background & Aims: Patients with celiac disease (CD) often report inadvertent gluten exposures and challenges reading labels. The most common cause of non-responsive CD is gluten exposure. We aimed to assess whether recently diagnosed CD patients can determine whether a food is gluten-free based on labeling, and to assess skills over time.

Mass Spectrometry Evaluation of Biomarkers in the Vitreous Fluid in Gaucher Disease Type 3 with Disease Progression Despite Long-Term Treatment.

Intraocular lesions have been infrequently reported in patients with Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3). We previously reported siblings with GD3 who responded well to the combination of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Here we report progressive bilateral vitreous and preretinal deposits with declining visual acuity requiring bilateral vitrectomies in one of these siblings.

GLIM criteria has fair sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malnutrition when using SGA as comparator.

Background & Aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed a new framework for diagnosing malnutrition based on combinations of phenotypic and etiologic criteria. The aim of this study was to compare GLIM criteria to Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) judged to be the most validated standardized assessment of malnutrition.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of variables extracted from a prospective cohort study assessing malnutrition at admission, in 18 Canadian hospitals.

Development of an administrative definition for celiac disease.

Objective: The investigation and management of celiac disease places a high burden on the health care system. Accurate methods to ascertain cases of celiac disease (CD) in population-based administrative data can facilitate epidemiologic and health services research to guide disease management. The study aim was to develop and validate administrative data case definitions for CD to facilitate further studies about the effect of CD on osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Inter- and Intra-assay Variation in the Diagnostic Performance of Assays for Anti-tissue Transglutaminase in 2 Populations.

Tissue transglutaminse-2 (TG2)-based immunoassays are the cornerstone of diagnosis in celiac disease (CeD), with a reported pooled sensitivity as high as 98%. However, a few small, single-center studies have questioned their sensitivity in clinical practice. Moreover, commercial kits use variable TG2 antigens, with cutoffs determined by using small, poorly defined populations.

Serum zonulin is elevated in IBS and correlates with stool frequency in IBS-D.

Background: Studies have shown increased intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome. Validating serum biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome will facilitate research and pathophysiology-based therapy.

Objective: To measure serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and compare with healthy controls and celiac disease.

Evaluation of an overnight non-culture test for detection of viable Gram-negative bacteria in endoscope channels.

 Prevention of infection transmission from contaminated endoscopes would benefit from a rapid test that could detect low levels of viable bacteria after high level disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rapid NOW! (RN) test's ability to detect endoscope contamination. The RN test kit and the accompanying fluorometer were evaluated.