Perilla oil emulsions stabilized by casein-dextran sulfate nanocomplexes with and without curcumin.

Protein-polysaccharide nanocomplexes are potential particulate emulsifiers to improve physical and chemical stability of emulsions containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study prepared nanocomplex dispersions with 2.0 % w/v sodium caseinate and 0-0.

Extrusion of process flavorings from methionine and dextrose using modified starch as a carrier.

This study aimed to produce process flavorings from methionine and glucose via Maillard reaction by extrusion method. Modified starch was used as a carrier to reduce the torque and facilitate the production process. Five formulations of process flavorings with different ratios of methionine: dextrose: modified starch: water as MS5 (72:18:5:5), MS15 (64:16:15:5), MS25 (56:14:25:5), MS35 (42:12:35:5), and MS45 (40:10:45:5) were prepared and feded into the extruder.

Production of process flavorings from methionine, thiamine with d-xylose or dextrose by direct extrusion: Physical properties and volatile profiles.

The conventional method to produce process flavoring is non-continuous, time consuming, and generates a high volume of effluent. This research aimed to evaluate the use of methionine, thiamine, and reducing sugars to develop process flavorings by direct extrusion, as a potential alternative to the conventional method. The mixed substrates consisted of methionine: d-xylose (MX), methionine: dextrose (MD), thiamine: d-xylose (TX), and thiamine: dextrose (TD) at 80:20 w/w.

Simple thermal and freezing treatments to improve absorption capacity and alter digestibility of canna starch granules.

Swollen canna starches (SCS) were prepared by controlled heating of unmodified and heat-moisture treated (HMT) starch suspensions at sub-gelatinization temperatures; subsequently, freezing was conducted to stabilize the structure of the SCS. Sizes of both unmodified and HMT swollen granules increased with increasing heating temperatures (up to 2.5 times), and freezing resulted in a significant reduction of granular size.

Preparation and characterization of gamma oryzanol loaded zein nanoparticles and its improved stability.

Gamma oryzanol (GO), a bioactive ingredient found in rice bran oil, performs a variety of biological effects such as antioxidant activity, reduction of total cholesterol, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetes. However, GO is water-insoluble and normally degrades through oxidation. Thus a nano-encapsulation technique was investigated to improve its stability and quality.

Production of pectic-oligosaccharides from pomelo peel pectin by oxidative degradation with hydrogen peroxide.

Oxidative depolymerization of alkali- and acid-extracted pomelo pectins was performed using 1% hydrogen peroxide (HO) with a microwave power of 550 W for 10 min. Pectic-oligosaccharides (POS) produced from the acid-extracted methyl-esterified pectin contained higher amounts of DP1 and DP2 than that from the nearly ester-free alkali-extracted pectin, and the loss of these small-size products during recovery resulted in a lower POS yield (25.0%) compared to the alkali-extracted pectin (57.

The effect of hydrolysis of cassava starch on the characteristics of microspheres prepared by an emulsification-crosslinking method.

Cassava starch was hydrolyzed with 2.2 M hydrochloric acid for different periods of time. The soluble starches obtained were subsequently used for microsphere preparation by a water-in-water emulsion crosslinking technique.

Effects of Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Biochemical and Physical Quality Changes of White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Treated with Lysine and Sodium Bicarbonate.

Freezing and thawing occur during storage, transportation, and retail display, leading to deterioration of frozen shrimp. The objective of this research was to investigate the change in quality of frozen white shrimp treated by lysine and NaHCO after multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Shrimp were soaked in lysine and lysine/NaHCO each at 1% (w/v) frozen in an air-blast freezer at -30 °C, and kept in a chest freezer (-18 ± 2 °C) for a week before they were thawed using tap water before the analysis (freeze-thaw cycle 1).

Pasting properties of cassava starch modified by heat-moisture treatment under acidic and alkaline pH environments.

Effect of pH adjustment before heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on pasting properties of modified cassava starch was investigated. After soaking in acidic water, cassava starch contained smaller molecules, while starch soaked in alkaline water had a more negative charge. These starches with a moisture content of 25% were subsequently heat treated at 100 °C for 16 h.

Concentration of plasticizers applied during heat-moisture treatment affects properties of the modified canna starch.

Effects of the concentration of plasticizers applied during heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on the properties of canna starch were investigated. The modified starches were prepared by soaking starch in 0 (water), 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30% w/w glycerol or sorbitol solution for 24h and adjusting the moisture content to 25% before HMT (100°C, 1h). Changes in the pasting profiles of heat-moisture treated starches were more obvious when glycerol solutions were used instead of water.

Expansion and functional properties of extruded snacks enriched with nutrition sources from food processing by-products.

Rich sources of protein and dietary fiber from food processing by-products, defatted soybean meal, germinated brown rice meal, and mango peel fiber, were added to corn grit at 20 % (w/w) to produce fortified extruded snacks. Increase of total dietary fiber from 4.82 % (wb) to 5.

Effects of crosslinking temperature and time on microstructure and stability of cassava starch microspheres.

Starch microspheres (SMs) were prepared by a water-in-water emulsion-crosslinking technique at 4 °C and 30 °C for 1, 6, 12 and 24h; the SMs obtained were analyzed for crosslinking density, morphology, crystalline structure, and stability against temperature, pH, and α-amylase hydrolysis. The crosslinking degree at 30 °C was considerably higher than that at 4 °C. SMs prepared at 4 °C for less than 12h incubation had larger size and more porous structure as compared with those prepared at 30 °C, but the morphology became comparable (spherical shape with smooth surface and dense structure) after 24h incubation.

Pasting properties of heat-moisture treated canna starches using different plasticizers during treatment.

Different plasticizers (propanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol) were used for plasticizing canna starch during heat-moisture treatment (HMT). Pasting properties of the modified starches were determined and compared with those of native starch and of HMT starch using water as a plasticizer. Canna starch was soaked in 5% (w/w) plasticizer solutions and adjusted to 25% moisture content before heating at 100 °C for 1h.

Quality assessment of noodles made from blends of rice flour and canna starch.

Canna starch and its derivatives (retrograded, retrograded debranched, and cross-linked) were evaluated for their suitability to be used as prebiotic sources in a rice noodle product. Twenty percent of the rice flour was replaced with these tested starches, and the noodles obtained were analyzed for morphology, cooking qualities, textural properties, and capability of producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Cross-linked canna starch could increase tensile strength and elongation of rice noodles.

Nano-structure of heat-moisture treated waxy and normal starches.

Surface regions of untreated and heat-moisture treated (HMT) normal rice, waxy rice, normal corn, waxy corn, normal potato, and waxy potato starch granules were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images revealed surface roughness of untreated starch granules and protrusions with a diameter of approximately 15-90 nm. After treatment, the smooth surface region on starch granules was observed, especially in normal rice, waxy rice, and normal corn starches.

Rice starch vs. rice flour: differences in their properties when modified by heat-moisture treatment.

Starch and flour from the same rice grain source (with 20, 25 and 30% moisture content) were exposed to heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at 100 °C for 16 h in order to investigate whether there were differences in their susceptibility to modification by HMT and, if any, to determine the main causes of the differences. HMT had a far greater effect on paste viscosity of flour than of starch. A significant increase in paste viscosity after removal of proteins from HMT flour - as well as images of fast green-stained HMT flour gels - indicated that an important role was played by proteins in affecting properties of the modified samples.

Anaerobic digestion of pineapple pulp and peel in a plug-flow reactor.

The objective of this research was to study the production of biogas by using pineapple pulp and peel, the by-products from fruit processing plants, in a plug-flow reactor (17.5 L total volume). The effects of feed concentration, total solids (TS) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on degradation of the waste were investigated.