Phenotyping of lymphocyte subsets, Th-1/Th-2 cytokines and other parameters in high-risk contacts of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The information on the pathophysiology of infection in high-risk contacts of SARS-CoV-2 is limited.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the various factors and their elucidation in the protection of SARS- CoV-2 infection in high-risk contacts.

Settings And Design: Cross-sectional descriptive clinical study.

Household transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among residents of Delhi, India: a prospective case-ascertained study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the secondary infection rate and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among household contacts, and their associations with various factors across four dimensions of interaction.

Methods: This was a case-ascertained study among unvaccinated household contacts of a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case in New Delhi between December 2020 and July 2021. For this study, 99 index cases and their 316 household contacts were interviewed and sampled (blood and oro-nasal swab) on days 1, 7, 14, and 28.

Exploration of a W/O Nanoemulsion for Antibiofilm Activity against Cariogenic .

A ciprofloxacin-loaded water-in-oil nanoemulsion (CPX-NE) was prepared and evaluated for the antimicrobial effect against oral biofilms produced by . CPX-NE was prepared by ultrasonication using functional excipients oleic acid (oil phase), Span 80 (surfactant), and Transcutol P (cosurfactant). Rheological parameters (viscosity = 20 ± 1.

Assessment of potential risk factors for COVID-19 among health care workers in a health care setting in Delhi, India -a cohort study.

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCW) are most vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 infection. Understanding the extent of human-to-human transmission of the COVID-19 infection among HCWs is critical in managing this infection and for policy making. We did this study to estimate new infection by seroconversion among HCWs in recent contact with COVID-19 and predict the risk factors for infection.

Genotypic characterization of vancomycin-resistant causing urinary tract infection in northern India.

Background & Objectives: Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococci are difficult to treat given the limited therapeutic alternatives. Different gene clusters are known to confer vancomycin resistance. vanA and vanB genes are transferable and are clinically relevant.

High-level gentamicin resistance mediated by gene in species isolated from clinical samples in Northern India.

Context: Enterococci are known to cause life-threatening infections which are difficult to treat as the organism harbors innate resistance to many antibiotics and can amass resistance toward many others through plasmid-mediated genetic exchange.

Aims: The study evaluates the drug susceptibility profile of various Enterococcus species isolated from various patient specimens submitted for bacteriological analysis and check the incidence of aac(6') Ie-aph(2") Ia gene.

Setting And Design: This in vitro cross-sectional study was executed at bacteriology laboratory of a 470 bedded hospital in New Delhi.

Effectiveness of BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield vaccines against severe COVID-19 and B.1.617.2/Delta variant in India, 2021: a multi-centric hospital-based case-control study.

Objectives: India introduced BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield vaccines in January 2021. We estimated the effectiveness of these vaccines against severe COVID-19 among individuals aged ≥45 years.

Methods: We did a multi-centric, hospital-based, case-control study between May and July 2021.

Efficacy of polyherbal formulations for prevention of COVID-19 infection in high-risk subjects: A randomized open-label controlled clinical trial.

COVID-19 is arguably the biggest health crisis the world has faced in the 21st century. Therefore, two of the polyherbal formulations, Infuza and Kulzam were assessed for the prevention of COVID-19 infection as a repurposed medication. Four hundred seven high-risk subjects were recruited in the present open-label randomized controlled clinical trial for eligibility.

Asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 carriage and sero-positivity in high risk contacts of COVID-19 cases'.

Purpose: Identifying asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 carriage is one of the crucial factors in controlling the COVID 19 pandemic. The relationship between the asymptomatic viral carriage and the rate of seroconversion needs better understanding. The present study was conducted to identify the asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and seropositivity in high-risk contacts in the southern district of Delhi, India.

Development and Validation of Signature Sequence-Based PCR for Improved Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

Reliable, fast, and affordable diagnosis for tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge to reduce disease incidence in resource-poor countries. Tests based on nucleotide sequences that are signature to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have the potential to make a positive impact on case detection rates, which can eventually help control TB. Using extensive comparative bioinformatics approach, we mined the genome for M.

Mutations in two component system (PhoPQ and PmrAB) in colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from North Indian tertiary care hospital.

Colistin resistance in Gram negative bacteria is mainly attributed to chromosomal mutations in Two Component Systems(TCS) PhoPQ and PmrAB and plasmid-borne genes(mcr and its variants). The aim of this study was to understand the molecular basis of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and determine clonal transmission, in a North Indian tertiary care hospital over a 2.5 year period.

Biofilm synthesis and other virulence factors in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic enterococci isolated in Northern India.

Purpose: Enterococci express high degree of resistance towards wide range of antibiotics. Production of biofilm and many virulence factors along with drug resistance makes it difficult to eradicate the infection from urinary tract. The present study detected the expression of such factors including biofilm production by multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococci.

Design and / evaluations of a multiple-drug-containing gingiva disc for periodontotherapy.

In the current work, we set out to develop and evaluate a gingiva disc of cellulose acetate phthalate and poloxamer F-127 for the simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs, namely minocycline, celecoxib, doxycycline hyclate, and simvastatin, to abolish infection, impede inflammation, avert collagen destruction, and promote alveolar bone regeneration, respectively. release studies revealed the sustained release profiles of the drugs for 12 h and that they were active against , and The bioactivity levels of these drugs were assessed by comparing the number of colony forming units during different phases of a study on Wistar rats, and the results showed a reduction in the number of bacterial colonies with the applied formulation. A mucosal irritation study conducted on Wistar rat gingiva confirmed the non-irritancy of the optimal gingiva disc.

SeeTB: A novel alternative to sputum smear microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in high burden countries.

Microscopy-based tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis i.e. Ziehl-Neelsen screening still remains the primary diagnostic method in resource poor and high TB burden countries, however this method has poor sensitivity (~60%).

Molecular Docking-Guided Ungual Drug-Delivery Design for Amelioration of Onychomycosis.

The present work envisaged an adherent luliconazole-loaded bilayer nail lacquer (BNL) with significant transungual activity. The locally applied sustained-release BNL formulation was designed for an improved retention, payload, and final dermatokinetic disposition. A primary step in the fabrication of a BNL included overcoming of physical barriers like α-keratin (also α-keratin), a protein present in human nails, and then allowing the drug molecule to permeate at the site of action.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of an Emerging Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen: .

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) () bacterium, a nosocomial pathogen associated with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options have emerged as a serious problem throughout the world. The present study aimed to assess the current levels of antibiotic susceptibility among the isolates of species. The sensitivity patterns were analysed from various clinical specimens obtained from both in-patients and outpatients of a teaching hospital.

Cytokine-induced expression of nitric oxide synthases in infected spontaneous aborters.

The aim of study was to evaluate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in (CT)-infected spontaneous aborters (SA). Endometrial curettage tissue was collected from 140 SA (sporadic SA- 70; recurrent SA- 70) (Group I) and 140 age-matched controls (Group II) from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for diagnosis of CT.

Differential expression of circulating Th1/ Th2/ Th17 cytokines in serum of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected women undergoing incomplete spontaneous abortion.

The study aimed to elucidate role of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of spontaneous abortion in Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct)-positive first-trimester aborters. Endometrial curettage tissue and serum were collected from 145 aborters (spontaneous abortion (SA) group, n = 85; recurrent miscarriage (RM) group, n = 60) and 120 controls attending Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi (India). Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Ct plasmid/MOMP, while commercial cytometric bead array kit was utilized to estimate circulating serum cytokines.

Balantidium Coli liver abscess: first case report from India.

Protozoal infections are common in the tropics. Amoebic colitis is the commonest of these infections and can lead to liver abscess as a complication. Balantidium coli is a rare free moving protozoal parasite which is known to infest human large intestine causing a type of colitis very similar to that caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

A vaginal drug delivery model.

Efficient drug delivery at vaginal cavity is often a challenge owing to its peculiar physiological variations including vast differences in pH. Keeping in view this attribute of the target site, the current work was aimed at developing formulation strategies which could overcome this and successfully deliver molecules like itraconazole through SLNs. Optimized SLNs with the given composition was selected for further development into mucoadhesive and thermosensitive gel.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of some substituted pyrazolines and isoxazolines as potential antimicrobial agents.

A series of substituted pyrazolines (2a-e, 3a-h and 6a-c) and isoxazolines (4a-e) were synthesized and their structures were established on the basis of IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectra. All the synthesized compounds were tested against two bacterial and four fungal strains and found to exhibit moderate to potent antifungal activity. Compounds 2b, 4c, 4d and 6a-c exhibited significant activity against all tested fungal strains.

Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida from Human Blood Sample: A Case Report.

Aeromonas salmonicida belonging to the genus Aeromonas, is a common pathogen that causes furunculosis and septicaemia in variety of fishes. It infects cold blooded vertebrates living at low temperatures mainly salmonid fish hence named salmonicida. Untill recently Aeromanas salmonicida is considered to be a fish pathogen.

Community Acquired Bacteremia by Sphingomonas paucimobilis: Two Rare Case Reports.

S.paucimobilis has a diverse nutritional substrate spectrum and found in both environmental and hospital settings. Sphingomonas paucimobilis is rarely isolated from clinical specimen.