The fecal microbiota of Holstein cows is heritable and genetically correlated to dairy performances.

The fecal microbiota of ruminants constitutes a diversified community that has been phenotypically associated with a variety of host phenotypes, such as production and health. To gain a better understanding of the complex and interconnected factors that drive the fecal bacterial community, we have aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota, including heritabilities, genetic correlations among taxa, and genetic correlations between fecal microbiota features and host phenotypes. To achieve this, we analyzed a large population of 1,875 Holstein cows originating from 144 French commercial herds and routinely recorded for production, SCS, and fertility traits.

Characterization of bovine vaginal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing: associations with host fertility, longevity, health, and production.

Due to their potential impact on the host's phenotype, organ-specific microbiotas are receiving increasing attention in several animal species, including cattle. Specifically, the vaginal microbiota of ruminants is attracting growing interest, due to its predicted critical role on cows' reproductive functions in livestock contexts. Notably, fertility disorders represent a leading cause for culling, and additional research would help to fill relevant knowledge gaps.

Short communication: Bifidobacterium abundance in the faecal microbiota is strongly associated with milk traits in dairy cattle.

The performance of dairy cows is influenced by the microbial communities hosted within their digestive tract. While the rumen microbiota has long been associated with host phenotypes, the impact of the faecal microbiota remains elusive. In this study, we collected 697 faecal samples from commercial Holstein cows and analysed them with 16S rRNA gene analyses.

Intravesical instillation of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate in radiation-induced cystitis: a prospective pilot study.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (HMW-HA) for the treatment of radiation-induced cystitis.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in seven centers in France. Eligible patients with radiation-induced cystitis were recruited between April 2020 and March 2021.

Factors Associated With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: Initial reports on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in children suggested that very young age and comorbidities may increase risk of severe evolution, but these findings remained to be confirmed. We aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum of hospitalized pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and predictors of severe disease evolution.

Methods: We conducted a French national prospective surveillance of children hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of Children Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Suburbs of Paris.

Understanding the clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and prognosis in children is a major issue. Children often present mild symptoms, and some severe forms require paediatric intensive care, with in some cases a fatal prognosis. Our aim was to identify the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, and prognosis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) hospitalized in Paris suburb hospitals.

A new primate from the late Eocene of Vietnam illuminates unexpected strepsirrhine diversity and evolution in Southeast Asia.

Sivaladapidae is a poorly known Asian strepsirrhine family originally discovered in Miocene sediments of the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent research has considerably increased the diversity, temporal range, and geographical distribution of this group, now documented from China, Thailand, Myanmar, Pakistan, and India and whose earliest representatives date back to the Middle Eocene. We present here a new taxon of sivaladapid from the Na Duong coal mine in the Latest Middle Eocene-Late Eocene of Vietnam.

Endocasts and brain evolution in Anthracotheriidae (Artiodactyla, Hippopotamoidea).

Anthracotheres are a fossil family of 'Suiformes' from the Old World, North and Central America. They are known from the middle Eocene to the late Pliocene, and are suggested to be the stem group of Hippopotamidae. Yet, their soft anatomy remains poorly known.

Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa.

According to molecular data, hippopotamuses and cetaceans form a clade excluding other extant cetartiodactyls. Despite a wealth of spectacular specimens documenting cetacean evolution, this relationship remains poorly substantiated by the fossil record. Indeed, the evolutionary path leading from the hippo-cetacean ancestor to Hippopotamidae is plagued by missing fossil data and phylogenetic uncertainties.

Facial orientation and facial shape in extant great apes: a geometric morphometric analysis of covariation.

The organization of the bony face is complex, its morphology being influenced in part by the rest of the cranium. Characterizing the facial morphological variation and craniofacial covariation patterns in extant hominids is fundamental to the understanding of their evolutionary history. Numerous studies on hominid facial shape have proposed hypotheses concerning the relationship between the anterior facial shape, facial block orientation and basicranial flexion.

Covariation between midline cranial base, lateral basicranium, and face in modern humans and chimpanzees: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis.

Previous studies showed that in modern humans the basicranium is formed of two modules: the midline cranial base and the lateral basicranium which are integrated with the face in very different ways. The study of the relationship between these structures is of prime interest in the context of hominids craniofacial evolutionary history. In this study, we aim to test if the relationship between the midline cranial base and the face on one hand and the lateral basicranium and the face on the other hand are qualitatively and quantitatively different in modern humans and chimpanzees: two phylogenetically close but morphologically different hominids.

First record of a parapithecid primate from the Oligocene of Kenya.

Recent excavations in northwestern Kenya have recovered a vertebrate fauna of late early or early late Oligocene age. Among the mammal remains, a fragmentary lower jaw and an isolated upper molar have been attributed to a small primate, Lokonepithecus manai gen. et sp.

High levels and safety of oseltamivir carboxylate plasma concentrations after nasogastric administration in critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit.

During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemics, the concentrations of oseltamivir (O) and its active metabolite (oseltamivir carboxylate [OC]) were determined in 11 children (1 month to 16 years of age) admitted to intensive care units for presumed severe H1N1 infection. They received oseltamivir phosphate (OP) nasogastrically at doses between 1.5 and 6.

Fine mapping and haplotype structure analysis of a major flowering time quantitative trait locus on maize chromosome 10.

Flowering time is a major adaptive trait in plants and an important selection criterion for crop species. In maize, however, little is known about its molecular basis. In this study, we report the fine mapping and characterization of a major quantitative trait locus located on maize chromosome 10, which regulates flowering time through photoperiod sensitivity.

Epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in neonates in intensive care units.

Context: Effective strategies to improve pain management in neonates require a clear understanding of the epidemiology and management of procedural pain.

Objective: To report epidemiological data on neonatal pain collected from a geographically defined region, based on direct bedside observation of neonates.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Between September 2005 and January 2006, data on all painful and stressful procedures and corresponding analgesic therapy from the first 14 days of admission were prospectively collected within a 6-week period from 430 neonates admitted to tertiary care centers in the Paris region of France (11.

Key impact of Vgt1 on flowering time adaptation in maize: evidence from association mapping and ecogeographical information.

An association study conducted on 375 maize inbred lines indicates a strong relationship between Vgt1 polymorphisms and flowering time, extending former quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping results. Analysis of allele frequencies in a landrace collection supports a key role of Vgt1 in maize altilatitudinal adaptation.

Eocene bunoselenodont Artiodactyla from southern Thailand and the early evolution of Ruminantia in South Asia.

Although Asia is thought to have played a critical role in the basal radiation of Ruminantia, the fossil record of early selenodont artiodactyls remains poorly documented in this region. Dental remains of a new bunoselenodont artiodactyl are described from the late Eocene of Krabi, southern Thailand. This new form, Krabitherium waileki gen.

[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate].

Introduction: Apnea of prematurity develop during the first days of life and usually resolve by the time the infant reaches 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age. In a few cases, they persist beyond term, especially in infants delivered at the youngest gestational ages (24-28 GA), and require specific care. In our unit, those preterm babies are discharged home with caffeine citrate treatment.

Epidemiology and early predictive factors of mortality and outcome in children with traumatic severe brain injury: experience of a French pediatric trauma center.

Objective: To describe the results of an integrated pre- and in-hospital approach to critical care in a large population of children with severe traumatic brain injury and to identify the early predictors of their outcome.

Design: A 9-yr retrospective review of the data of a trauma data bank.

Setting: Level III pediatric trauma center.

[Caffeine citrate utilization for treatment of apnea in French neonatal units].

Unlabelled: Caffeine citrate is commonly used for prophylaxis and treatment of apnea in preterm babies.

Objective: To evaluate the use of caffeine citrate in french neonatal units.

Materials And Methods: Postal survey in 100 neonatal units.

New primates from the late Eocene of Thailand: a contribution to primate diversity in the Paleogene of Asia.

We report the discovery of two new primates from the late Eocene Krabi Basin, southern Thailand. One isolated upper molar displays morphological features (protocone united with hypocone by the prehypocrista, postprotocrista extended distobuccally) suggesting possible phylogenetic relationships with Amphipithecidae, while an isolated lower molar is tentatively referred to as a new tarsiiform, mainly on the basis of its paraconid and entoconid morphology. Although very scarce, these remains expand the record of Paleogene primates in Southeast Asia, and testify to their successful radiation in that area.

22q11.2 duplication syndrome: two new familial cases with some overlapping features with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndromes.

Twenty-one patients, including our two cases, with variable clinical phenotype, ranging from mild learning disability to severe congenital malformations or overlapping features with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndromes (DG/VCFS), have been shown to have a chromosome duplication 22q11 of the region that is deleted in patients with DG/VCFS. The reported cases have been identified primarily by interphase FISH and could have escaped identification and been missed by routine cytogenetic analysis. Here we report on two inherited cases, referred to us, to rule out 22q11 microdeletion diagnosis of VCFS.