Persistence and viable but non-culturable state induced by streptomycin in .

Persister cell and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of bacteria are survival strategies against antibiotics and various environmental stresses, respectively, but they tend to be ignored in agriculture fields, even though bacteria can regain their abilities to survive and produce disease once those stresses disappear. This study was carried out to determine whether persister cell and VBNC state in are present after exposures to streptomycin, the length of their persistence, and the steps needed to decrease the inoculum. Persister cells were observed using biphasic killed growth curve for 4-8 h when the late stationary phase cells of were cultured in liquid medium containing streptomycin.

First Report of Fire Blight on Chinese hawthorn ( Bunge) Caused by in Korea.

Fire blight is one of the destructive plant diseases caused by and causes enormous economic losses worldwide. Fire blight was initially reported in apples, pears, and Chinese quince (Park et al. 2016; Myung et al.

Copper-Based Compounds against Erwinia amylovora: Response Parameter Analysis and Suppression of Fire Blight in Apple.

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the major bacterial disease of apple and pear, causing enormous economic losses worldwide. Several control measures against E. amylovora have been reported till date, however, none of them have proved to be effective significantly against the pathogen.

Evidence of Greater Competitive Fitness of Erwinia amylovora over E. pyrifoliae in Korean Isolates.

Erwinia amylovora and E. pyrifoliae are the causative agents of destructive diseases in both apple and pear trees viz. fire blight and black shoot blight, respectively.

Complete Genome Sequence of Erwinia amylovora Strain TS3128, a Korean Strain Isolated in an Asian Pear Orchard in 2015.

Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, a devastating disease of apples and pears. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of E. amylovora strain TS3128, which was isolated from Anseong, South Korea, where fire blight first occurred in 2015, using the PacBio RS II system.

First Report of Causing Fasciation of Lilies ( Thunb.) in South Korea.

Rhodococcus fascians is a bacterium that causes growth abnormalities such as leafy galls, fasciation, and shoot proliferation in many plants, including ornamental plants. In February 2020, the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of South Korea detected 492,000 contaminated lily bulbs using an in-house PCR test based on the R. fascians fasD gene, and subsequently 1.

Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of Bacterial Wilt Pathogen, ( Phylotype I), on Roses in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of in roses in Korea, and to examine the similarities and differences between Korean isolates and the first-reported European strains. Between 2017 and 2019, seventeen isolates from rose plants were identified as using -specific primers. All 17 isolates were identified as race 1 using race-specific primers, and were confirmed as biovar 3 due to their ability to utilize carbon sources.

pv. tomato DC3000 Improves O157:H7 Survival in Tomato Plants.

Recently, outbreaks of food-borne diseases linked to fresh produce have been an emerging public health concerns worldwide. Previous research has shown that when human pathogens co-exist with plant pathogens, they have improved growth and survival rates. In this study, we have assessed whether O157:H7 benefits in the existence of a phytopathogenic bacterium and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated.

Characterization of the Lytic Bacteriophage phiEaP-8 Effective against Both and Causing Severe Diseases in Apple and Pear.

Bacteriophages, bacteria-infecting viruses, have been recently reconsidered as a biological control tool for preventing bacterial pathogens. and cause fire blight and black shoot blight disease in apple and pear, respectively. In this study, the bacteriophage phiEaP-8 was isolated from apple orchard soil and could efficiently and specifically kill both and .

Control of Postharvest Bacterial Soft Rot by Gamma Irradiation and its Potential Modes of Action.

Gamma irradiation was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against a postharvest bacterial pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc). Gamma irradiation in a bacteria cell suspension resulted in a dramatic reduction of the viable counts as well as an increase in the amounts of DNA and protein released from the cells.

Validation and Application of a Real-time PCR Protocol for the Specific Detection and Quantification of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Potato.

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) multiplies very rapidly, passing through the vascular strands and into the stems and petioles of a diseased potato. Therefore, the rapid and specific detection of this pathogen is highly important for the effective control of the pathogen.

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Using SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR Amplification of the YD-Repeat Protein Gene.

The aim of this study was to develop a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, which causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a serious disease of cucurbit plants. The molecular and serological methods currently available for the detection of this pathogen are insufficiently sensitive and specific.

Molecular characterization of the cold- and heat-induced Arabidopsis PXL1 gene and its potential role in transduction pathways under temperature fluctuations.

LRR-RLK (Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Kinase) proteins are believed to play essential roles in cell-to-cell communication during various cellular processes including development, hormone perception, and abiotic stress responses. We isolated an LRR-RLK gene previously named Arabidopsis PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM-LIKE 1 (AtPXL1) and examined its expression patterns. AtPXL1 was highly induced by cold and heat stress, but not by drought.

Sensitive and Specific Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Real-Time Bio-PCR Using Pathovar-Specific Primers Based on an rhs Family Gene.

The present study describes bio-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. Successful control of X.

Complete genome sequence of Japanese erwinia strain ejp617, a bacterial shoot blight pathogen of pear.

The Japanese Erwinia strain Ejp617 is a plant pathogen that causes bacterial shoot blight of pear in Japan. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain Ejp617 isolated from Nashi pears in Japan to provide further valuable insight among related Erwinia species.

Mutations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase genes in plants or Pseudomonas syringae reduce bacterial virulence.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a bacterial pathogen of Arabidopsis and tomato that grows in the apoplast. The non-protein amino acid γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is produced by Arabidopsis and tomato and is the most abundant amino acid in the apoplastic fluid of tomato.

Methods to study PAMP-triggered immunity using tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana.

Understanding the molecular basis of plant responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is an active area of research in the field of plant-microbe interactions. A growing number of plant genes involved in various steps of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) pathways and microbial factors involved in the elicitation or suppression of PTI have been identified. These studies have largely relied on Arabidopsis thaliana and, therefore, most of the PTI assays have been developed and optimized for that model plant system.

Components of the Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system can suppress and may elicit plant innate immunity.

The type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas syringae translocates into plant cells multiple effectors that suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). P. syringae pv.

Deletions in the repertoire of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 type III secretion effector genes reveal functional overlap among effectors.

The gamma-proteobacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses the type III secretion system to inject ca. 28 Avr/Hop effector proteins into plants, which enables the bacterium to grow from low inoculum levels to produce bacterial speck symptoms in tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, and (when lacking hopQ1-1) Nicotiana benthamiana.

Genetic organization of the hrp genes cluster in Erwinia pyrifoliae and characterization of HR active domains in HrpNEp protein by mutational analysis.

The disease-specific (dsp) region and the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes, including the hrpW, hrpNEp, and hrpC operons have previously been sequenced in Erwinia pyrifoliae WT3 [Shrestha et al. (2005a)]. In this study, the remaining hrp genes, including the hrpC, hrpA, hrpS, hrpXY, hrpL and hrpJ operons, were determined.

Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov., Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov., which cause potato common scab disease in Korea.

Three plant-pathogenic isolates of Streptomyces spp., isolated from potatoes with common scab disease lesions in Korea, are described as novel species. Morphological and physiological properties of these isolates were distinct from those of previously described Streptomyces species.

Characterization of Streptomycetes Causing Potato Common Scab in Korea.

Six representative Korean strains of streptomycetes (S33, S27, S71, S63, S77, and S78) that were pathogenic to potato were characterized based on phenotypic properties, analysis of 16S rRNA genes, production of thaxtomin A, and presence of nec1 and ORFtnp gene homologs. Strains S33 and S27 had typical characteristics of Streptomyces scabies and S. turgidiscabies, respectively, producing thaxtomin A and hybridizing to genes of nec1 and ORFtnp.

Pseudomonas koreensis sp. nov., Pseudomonas umsongensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas jinjuensis sp. nov., novel species from farm soils in Korea.

Among Pseudomonas strains isolated from Korean agricultural soils, four strains (Ps 9-14 group: Ps 1-2, Ps 1-10, Ps 5-5 and Ps 9-14T) from the Suwon, Goesan and Samchok regions, three strains (Ps 3-10 group: Ps 2-22, Ps 3-1 and Ps 3-10T) from Umsong Region and four strains (Pss 26 group: Pss 14, Pss 25, Pss 26T and Pss 27) from Jinju Region were identified as three independent groups on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis. While, on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, Ps 9-14T and Ps 3-10T form a phyletic line with Pseudomonas jessenii CIP 105274T, 'Pseudomonas pavonaceae' IAM 1155 and Pseudomonas graminis DSM 11363T, Pss 26T is grouped with Pseudomonas citronellolis ATCC 13674T and Pseudomonas nitroreducens IAM 1439T. According to DNA-DNA hybridization studies, strain Ps 9-14T shows high DNA relatedness to strain Ps 3-10T (52%) and Pseudomonas migulae CIP 105470T (49%) and strain Ps 3-10T reveals high relatedness to strain Ps 9-14T (48%) and P.