Understanding the defense mechanism of plants through the onion isoallicin-omics study.

Onion ( L.) is an important seasoning vegetable worldwide. It belongs to the Allium genus, which produces distinctive flavor compounds, allicin/isoallicin.

Adverse effects of environmentally relevant microplastics on in vivo endpoints, oxidative stress, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and multixenobiotic resistance system in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis.

This study compared the toxicological effects of environmentally relevant microplastics (MPs) on the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, focusing on MPs derived from various sources, including fossil fuel-based low-density polyethylene, bio-based polylactic acid (PLA), biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and a novel PLA modified with β-cyclodextrin. We assessed in vivo effects such as reproductive output and mortality, alongside in vitro oxidative stress responses, including oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) system. Reproductive output and lifespan reduced significantly across all MP types, ranging from 0.

Differential susceptibility to hypoxia in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-targeted freshwater water flea Daphnia magna mutants.

The water flea, Daphnia magna, serves as a key model organism for investigating the response of aquatic organisms to environmental stressors, including hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is a central regulatory protein involved in the cellular response to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create D.

A review of environmental epigenetics in aquatic invertebrates.

Aquatic ecosystems face significant challenges due to increasing human-induced environmental stressors. Recent studies emphasize the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the stress responses and adaptations of organisms to those stressors. Epigenetics influences gene expression, enabling phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational effects.

Molecular Events in Response to Triclosan-Induced Oxidative Stress in CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated -Targeted Mutants in .

Triclosan (TCS), a widely used antimicrobial agent, has been implicated in the oxidative stress induction and disruption of cellular processes in aquatic organisms. As TCS is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, many previous studies have documented the effects of exposure to TCS on aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, most of the research has concentrated on the molecular and physiological responses of TCS, but there are still limited studies on the function of specific genes and the consequences of their absence.

Interactions between lipid metabolism and the microbiome in aquatic organisms: A review.

Marine organisms' lipid metabolism contributes to marine ecosystems by producing a variety of lipid molecules. Historically, research focused on the lipid metabolism of the organisms themselves. Recent microbiome studies, however, have revealed that gut microbial communities influence the amount and type of lipids absorbed by organisms, thereby altering the organism's lipid metabolism.

Oxidative stress-mediated deleterious effects of hypoxia in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis.

In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity, in vivo effects, oxidative stress, and gene expression changes caused by hypoxia on the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 48 h of hypoxia exposure was found to be 2 mg/L O. Chronic exposure to NOEC caused a significant decline in lifespan but had no effect on total fecundity.

Combined exposure to hypoxia and nanoplastics leads to negative synergistic oxidative stress-mediated effects in the water flea Daphnia magna.

In this study, we investigated the combined effects of hypoxia and NPs on the water flea Daphnia magna, a keystone species in freshwater environments. To measure and understand the oxidative stress responses, we used acute toxicity tests, fluorescence microscopy, enzymatic assays, Western blot analyses, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Our findings demonstrate that hypoxia and NPs exhibit a negative synergy that increases oxidative stress, as indicated by heightened levels of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Strategies to Modulate the Copper Oxidation State Toward Selective C Production in the Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction.

The electrochemical reduction of CO to form value-added chemicals receives considerable attention in recent years. Copper (Cu) is recognized as the only element capable of electro-reducing CO into hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms (C), but the low product selectivity of the Cu-based catalyst remains a major technological challenge to overcome. Therefore, identification of the structural features of Cu-based catalysts is of great importance for the highly selective production of C products (ethylene, ethanol, n-propanol, etc.

Transgenerational adaptation to ocean acidification determines the susceptibility of filter-feeding rotifers to nanoplastics.

The adaptation of marine organisms to the impending challenges presented by ocean acidification (OA) is essential for their future survival, and mechanisms underlying OA adaptation have been reported in several marine organisms. In the natural environment, however, marine organisms are often exposed to a combination of environmental stressors, and the interactions between adaptive responses have yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of filter-feeding rotifers to short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) (≥180 generations) high CO conditions coupled with nanoplastic (NPs) exposure (ST+ and LT+).

Hypoxia in aquatic invertebrates: Occurrence and phenotypic and molecular responses.

Global deoxygenation in aquatic systems is an increasing environmental problem, and substantial oxygen loss has been reported. Aquatic animals have been continuously exposed to hypoxic environments, so-called "dead zones," in which severe die-offs among organisms are driven by low-oxygen events. Multiple studies of hypoxia exposure have focused on in vivo endpoints, metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune responses in aquatic invertebrates such as molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, and cnidarians.

Heavy metals and metalloid in aquatic invertebrates: A review of single/mixed forms, combination with other pollutants, and environmental factors.

Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloid occur naturally and are found throughout the Earth's crust but they are discharged into aquatic environments at high concentrations by human activities, increasing heavy metal pollution. HMs can bioaccumulate in higher organisms through the food web and consequently affect humans. In an aquatic environment, various HMs mixtures can be present.

Nanoplastics induce epigenetic signatures of transgenerational impairments associated with reproduction in copepods under ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification (OA) is one of many major global climate changes that pose a variety of risks to marine ecosystems in different ways. Meanwhile, there is growing concern about how nanoplastics (NPs) affect marine ecosystems. Combined exposure of marine organisms to OA and NPs is inevitable, but their interactive effects remain poorly understood.

Analysis of Natural Organic Matter in Water from Cold and Hot Mineral Springs in South Korea Using 15T FT-ICR-MS.

The natural organic matter (NOM) properties in water from cold and hot mineral springs in South Korea are not well documented. We analyzed the characteristics of NOM in water from 25 cold and hot mineral springs located across South Korea. The NOM of each sample was concentrated using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using 15T Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics modulated the immune response and swimming activity, and impaired the development of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma larvae.

Microplastics (MPs), due to their impacts on the ecosystem and their integration into the food web either through trophic transfer or ingestion directly from the ambient environment, are an emerging class of environmental contaminants posing a great threat to marine organisms. Most reports on the toxic effects of MPs exclusively focus on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, pathological damage, and metabolic disturbance in fish. However, the collected information on fish immunity in response to MPs is poorly defined.

Effects of temperature and combinational exposures on lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates.

Studies of changes in fatty acids in response to environmental temperature changes have been conducted in many species, particularly mammals. However, few studies have considered aquatic invertebrates, even though they are particularly vulnerable to changes in environmental temperature. In this review, we summarize the process by which animals synthesize common fatty acids and point out differences between the fatty acid profiles of vertebrates and those of aquatic invertebrates.

Genome-wide identification of fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid profiles, and life parameters in two freshwater water flea Daphnia magna strains.

The freshwater water flea Daphnia magna is a planktonic animal belonging to the Cladocera. To evaluate differences between two D. magna strains (KIT and NIES) in terms of life parameters and fatty acid profiles, we examined several endpoints.

Comparative genome analysis of the monogonont marine rotifer Brachionus manjavacas Australian strain: Potential application for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics.

This is the first study to analyze the whole-genome sequence of B. manjavacas Australian (Aus.) strain through combination of Oxford Nanopore long-read seq, resulting in a total length of 108.

Genome-wide identification of 194 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes from the water flea Daphnia magna.

In crustaceans, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest transmembrane receptor family and function by mediating various environmental stimuli in cells. Understanding GPCR signaling is crucial to better understanding of crustacean endocrinology. GPCRs evolved from early eukaryotes, and genome-wide identification of GPCRs in a particular taxon can provide insight into evolutionary tendencies and adaptive strategies of GPCR response to environmental stimuli.

The Genome of the Marine Rotifer Brachionus manjavacas: Genome-Wide Identification of 310 G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Genes.

The marine rotifer Brachionus manjavacas is widely used in ecological, ecotoxicological, and ecophysiological studies. The reference genome of B. manjavacas is a good starting point to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms of responses to various environmental stressors.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in rotifers and cladocerans: Potential applications in ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, comparative endocrinology, and pharmacology.

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily plays a fundamental role in both sensory functions and the regulation of homeostasis, and is highly conserved across the eukaryote taxa. Its functional diversity is related to a conserved seven-transmembrane core and invariant set of intracellular signaling mechanisms. The interplay between these properties is key to the evolutionary success of GPCR.

The freshwater water flea Daphnia magna NIES strain genome as a resource for CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting: The glutathione S-transferase omega 2 gene.

The water flea Daphnia magna is a small freshwater planktonic animal in the Cladocera. In this study, we assembled the genome of the D. magna NIES strain, which is widely used for gene targeting but has no reported genome.

Identification and characterization of homeobox gene clusters in harpacticoid and calanoid copepods.

In this study, we have identified the entire complement of typical homeobox (Hox) genes (Lab, Pb, Dfd, Scr, Antp, Ubx, Abd-A, and Abd-B) in harpacticoid and calanoid copepods and compared them with the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. The harpacticoid copepods Tigriopus japonicus and Tigriopus kingsejongensis have seven Hox genes (Lab, Dfd, Scr, Antp, Ubx, Abd-A, and Abd-B) and the Pb and Ftz genes are also present in the cyclopoid copepod P. nana.