The effect of warming and seasonality on bioaccumulation of selected pharmaceuticals in freshwater invertebrates.

Multiple human-induced environmental stressors significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Climate warming and chemical pollution are two widespread stressors whose impact on freshwaters is likely to increase. However, little is known about the combined effects of warming on the bioaccumulation of environmentally relevant mixtures of emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in freshwater biota.

Combined effects of climate warming and pharmaceuticals on a tri-trophic freshwater food web.

Multiple anthropogenic stressors influence the functioning of lakes and ponds, but their combined effects are often little understood. We conducted two mesocosm experiments to evaluate the effects of warming (+4 °C above ambient temperature) and environmentally relevant concentrations of a mixture of commonly used pharmaceuticals (cardiovascular, psychoactive, antihistamines, antibiotics) on tri-trophic food webs representative of communities in ponds and other small standing waters. Communities were constituted of phyto- and zooplankton and macroinvertebrates (molluscs and insects) including benthic detritivores, grazers, omnivorous scrapers, omnivorous piercers, water column predators, benthic predators, and phytophilous predators.

Neonicotinoid mixture alters trophic interactions in a freshwater aquatic invertebrate community.

Neonicotinoids are increasingly and widely used systemic insecticides in agriculture, residential applications, and elsewhere. These pesticides can sometimes occur in small water bodies in exceptionally high concentrations, leading to downstream non-target aquatic toxicity. Although insects appear to be the most sensitive group to neonicotinoids, other aquatic invertebrates may also be affected.

Effects of flash flooding on mosquito and community dynamics in experimental pools.

Pulsed disturbances of larval mosquito sites are likely to have a direct negative effect on mosquitoes but may also have indirect effects due to the alteration of community structure. These altered communities may become attractive to gravid mosquitoes searching for oviposition sites when the disturbances decrease the abundance of mosquito antagonists such as competitors, which often results in an increase in mosquito food resources. However, flash flood disturbances in intermittent riverbeds can also remove mosquito food resources such as algae, so that the net effect of flash floods could be either to increase or decrease mosquito abundance.

No association between the use of Bti for mosquito control and the dynamics of non-target aquatic invertebrates in French coastal and continental wetlands.

The environmental safety of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is still controversial, mainly because most of the previous field studies on its undesired effects were spatially limited and did not address the relationship between community similarity and application time and frequency. No general statement can therefore be drawn on the usage conditions of Bti that insure protection of non-target organisms.

Persistence and recycling of bioinsecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spores in contrasting environments: evidence from field monitoring and laboratory experiments.

Sprays of commercial preparations of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis are widely used for the control of mosquito larvae. Despite an abundant literature on B.

A skin on fire: the link between thermal metaphors and early trauma in a case of pedophilia.

On the basis of excerpts from the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of an adult patient convicted of child abuse, the authors suggest the hypothesis that the thermal metaphors that repeatedly appear in the patient's discourse are the marks of early psycho-bodily trauma. These are traces of the patient's burning incestuous relationship with his mother, which led to early fusion of his physical and psychic skins. In this clinical work the authors include the dynamics of transference.

Influence of environmental factors on the response of a natural population of Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera) to spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Mediterranean coastal wetlands.

The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of a candidate mosquito larvicide, spinosad (8, 17 and 33 microg L(-1)) on a field population of Daphnia magna under natural variations of water temperature and salinity, using Bti (0.16 and 0.50 microL L(-1)) as the reference larvicide.

[Prevalence of trauma-related disorders in the French WHO study: Santé mentale en population générale (SMPG)].

Introduction: Trauma-related disorders are disabling affections of which epidemiological data change according to the country, population and measuring instruments. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appears to have increased over the past 15 years, but one cannot tell whether it has indeed increased or whether the standardized procedure has improved. Moreover, very few epidemiologic studies among the general population have been conducted in Europe, notably in France.

Effects of spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on a natural population of Daphnia pulex in field microcosms.

Spinosad, a candidate biological larvicide for mosquito control, was evaluated for its effects on a field population of Daphnia pulex, using Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) as a reference larvicide. Microcosms (125L enclosures) were placed in a shallow temporary oligohaline marsh where D. pulex was present.

An easy field method for estimating the abundance of culicid larval instars.

A new method is proposed that avoids manual counting of mosquito larvae in order to estimate larval abundance in the field. This method is based on the visual comparison between abundance, in a standardized sampling tray (called an abacus), with 5 (abacus 5) or 10 (abacus 10) diagrammatically prepared abundance classes. Accuracy under laboratory and field conditions and individual bias have been evaluated and both abaci provide a reliable estimation of abundance in both conditions.

Prediction of the occurrence and intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder in victims 32 months after bomb attack.

Introduction: Our objective was to identify factors that predict occurrence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a terrorism attack.

Population: We evaluated 32 victims of a bomb attack in a Paris subway in December 1996 at 6 and 32 months.

Method: Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data and physical injuries were used to predict PTSD occurrence and severity in 32 victims.

[Prospective study of post-traumatic stress in victims of terrorist attacks].

In 1995-96 several terrorist attacks struck Paris. After that, the French government decided to optimize the service claimed to treat psychological repercussions of attacks victims. For this reason we need to better understand the psychopathology developing after these traumatic events in order to adjust the various steps of the treatment.