Photobiomodulation of Human Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes with Blue Light: Implications in Wound Healing.

In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been recognized as a physical therapy in wound management. Despite several published research papers, the mechanism underlying photobiomodulation is still not completely understood. The investigation about application of blue light to improve wound healing is a relatively new research area.

Experimental Study on Blue Light Interaction with Human Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts.

Keloids are an exuberant response to wound healing, characterized by an exaggerated synthesis of collagen, probably due to the increase of fibroblasts activity and to the reduction of their apoptosis rate: currently no standard treatments or pharmacological therapies are able to prevent keloid recurrence. To reach this goal, in recent years some physical treatments have been proposed, and among them the PhotoBioModulation therapy (PBM). This work analyses the effects of a blue LED light irradiation (410-430 nm, 0.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 contributes to somatic pain hypersensitivity in experimental colitis.

Pain evoked by visceral inflammation is often 'referred' to the somatic level. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been reported to contribute to visceral pain-like behavior in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-evoked colitis. However, the role of TRPA1 in somatic component of hypersensitivity due to visceral inflammation is unknown.

Schwann cell TRPA1 mediates neuroinflammation that sustains macrophage-dependent neuropathic pain in mice.

It is known that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels, expressed by nociceptors, contribute to neuropathic pain. Here we show that TRPA1 is also expressed in Schwann cells. We found that in mice with partial sciatic nerve ligation, TRPA1 silencing in nociceptors attenuated mechanical allodynia, without affecting macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress, whereas TRPA1 silencing in Schwann cells reduced both allodynia and neuroinflammation.

Angiocentric glioma: clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features in three pediatric cases.

Angiocentric glioma is a rare slow growing tumor. It is associated to seizures and is mainly diagnosed in children and young adults. We describe the clinical, histo-pathological and molecular (IDH1, IDH2 and BRAFV600E mutational status) features in 3 children, 2 girls (2- and 11-years old) and 1 boy (10-years old).

Glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands: clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of three pediatric cases.

Glioneuronal tumors with neuropil-like islands are rare. The 1st reported cases were localized in the cerebral hemispheres of adults, showed homogeneous histopathologic features (infiltrating astrocytic growth and neuropil-like islands rimmed by neuronal cells), and had an unfavorable behavior. We report 3 pediatric cases (1 boy and 2 girls, ages 4, 6, and 8 years, respectively).

IDH1 mutation in pediatric gliomas: has it a diagnostic and prognostic value?

Mutations in IDH1 gene are observed in gliomas with significant differences according to histotype, grade, prognosis, and age. We analyzed the IDH1 gene mutations frequency in 42 gliomas from 40 children (14 pilocytic astrocytomas; 3 pilomyxoid astrocytomas; 3 diffuse astrocytomas; 1 gliomatosi cerebri; 8 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas; 2 anaplastic astrocytomas; 9 glioblastomas). No IDH1 mutation was detected.

Barrett's esophagus: endoscopic diagnosis.

This collection of summaries on endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) includes the best endoscopic markers of the extent of BE; the interpretation of the diagnosis of ultra-short BE; the criteria for endoscopic grading; the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic diagnosis; capsule and magnifying endoscopy; narrow band imaging; balloon cytology; the distinction between focal and diffuse dysplasia; the techniques for endoscopic detection of dysplasia and the grading systems; and the difficulty of interpretation of inflammatory or regenerative changes.

Barrett's esophagus: genetic and cell changes.

The following includes commentaries on how genetic code of Barrett's esophagus (BE) patients, the mechanisms for GERD-induced esophageal expression of caudal homeobox, and the development of Barrett's metaplasia are increasingly better known, including the role of stromal genes in oncogenesis. Additional lessons have been learned in vitro models in nonneoplastic cell lines, yet there are limitations to what can be expected from BE-derived cell lines. Other topics discussed include clonal diversity in Barrett's esophagus; the application of peptide arrays to clinical samples of metaplastic mucosa; proliferation and apoptosis of Barrett's cell lines; tissue biomarkers for neoplasia; and transcription factors associated with BE.

Primary cerebral myxofibrosarcoma: clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural study of an infrequent tumor in an extraordinary localization.

Herein, we describe an intracerebral primary low-grade myxofibrosarcoma occurring in a 9-year-old boy. The lesion measured 7 cm and occupied the left parieto-occipital region. A gross-total removal of the tumor was performed.

Splenogonadal fusion: exceptional association with Moebius syndrome and intestinal intussusception.

We present an exceptional association of splenogonadal fusion, Moebius syndrome, and intestinal intussusception. At the age of 1 year, the patient presented with vomiting, bloody stools, and abdominal distension. He underwent a laparotomy that revealed an ileo-ileal intussusception.

Merlin expression in pediatric anaplastic ependymomas real time PCR study.

The most common genetic abnormalities of ependymomas involve the chromosome 22 where there is the oncosuppressor gene neurofibromin 2 (NF2). NF2 mutations are primarily encountered in spinal lesions. In contrast, NF2 alterations do not seem related to tumor grade.

Pediatric rhabdoid meningioma: a morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular case study.

Rhabdoid meningioma is an uncommon meningioma variant categorized as WHO grade III. The majority of cases occur in adulthood. Herein, we describe a right fronto-temporal rhabdoid meningioma affecting a 3-year-old boy.

Embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes: morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular study of a case showing features of medulloepithelioma and areas of mesenchymal and epithelial differentiation.

Embryonal tumors are a group of malignant neoplasms that most commonly affect the pediatric population. Embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes is a recently recognized rare tumor. It is composed of neurocytes and undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells arranged in clusters, cords and several types of rosettes in a prominent neuropil-rich background.

Expression of estrogen receptor beta in colon cancer progression.

Colon cancer is the most frequent neoplasia of the intestine. This pathology is the third highest cause of death from cancer with 430,000 deaths globally per year. Estrogen has also been implicated in the development and progression of colon cancer.

Congenital/Infantile fibrosarcoma of the colon: morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural features of a relatively rare tumor in an extraordinary localization.

Fibrosarcomas diagnosed during the early years of life are called congenital/infantile fibrosarcomas. They differ from adult fibrosarcomas because of their limited aggressive outcome. Congenital/infantile fibrosarcomas occur most frequently on the extremities.

NF2 expression levels of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a quantitative real-time PCR study.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Until today, there have been few markers specific for the tumor. This has complicated the differential diagnosis of the neoplasm from tumors of smooth muscle origin.

TNM staging and T-cell receptor gamma expression in colon adenocarcinoma. Correlation with disease progression?

Aims And Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in Europe and the United States. Several studies have evaluated the immune response to colorectal cancer, with contradictory results. Some studies showed that lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer seemed to be an important prognostic parameter, a finding not confirmed by other studies.

Hox-D genes expression in pediatric low-grade gliomas: real-time-PCR study.

HOX genes encode transcription factors, which play a key role in morphogenesis and cell differentiation during embryogenesis. Several observations indicate that a deregulated expression of these genes may result in tumor development and progression. Actually, several HOX genes are aberrantly expressed in many tumors and cell lines derived from them.

Surveillance for endometrial cancer in women on tamoxifen: the role of liquid-based endometrial cytology - cytohistological correlation in a population of 168 women.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of liquid-based cytology for endometrial surveillance in patients receiving tamoxifen.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight women scheduled for hysteroscopy were enrolled in the study. The women sequentially underwent hysteroscopy, endometrial cytology and biopsy.

Quantitative expression of the homeobox and integrin genes in human gastric carcinoma.

The homeobox (HOX) genes are a large family of regulator genes involved in the control of developmental processes and cell differentiation. The HOX genes encode transcription factors, and an increasing number of studies have shown that these genes may be implicated in the growth and the progression of many types of tumours. The present study investigated the expression of the HOX and integrin genes and their relationships in gastric carcinoma.

Merlin expression in secretory meningiomas: evidence of an NF2-independent pathogenesis? Immunohistochemical study.

One of the most common chromosomal regions implicated in the meningiomas tumorigenesis is 22q12 where the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene resides. The NF2 tumor-suppressor gene encodes for the merlin/schwannomin protein, which is responsible for the inherited disease neurofibromatosis 2. NF2 gene mutations predominantly occur in transitional and fibroblastic meningiomas, whereas the meningothelial variant is less affected.

Real-time PCR analysis of RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embeded tissues: effects of the fixation on outcome reliability.

In many pathologic circumstances, quantitative mRNA expression levels are important for evaluation of possible genome mutations. The development of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology has facilitated the realization of nucleic acid quantification. Potentially, quantitative PCR offers a number of advantages over traditional methods because it permits the use of small amounts of genetic material.