Sleep misperception in women with myofascial temporomandibular disorder.

Study Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were linked to poor sleep on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), whereas polysomnography revealed no major sleep disturbances, implying sleep state misperception. This study investigates sleep state misperception in TMD and control participants; correlates sleep state misperception with objective short sleep duration (SSD), depression symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and orofacial pain; and compares objective SSD between the groups.

Methods: General linear models were used to compare second-night polysomnography total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset with homologous PSQI-derived variables in 124 women with myofascial TMD and 46 age and body mass index matched controls.

The association of subjective and objective sleep measures with chronic tinnitus.

Study Objectives: Poor sleep is a prevalent complaint in the population with chronic tinnitus, but the relationship between the two is not well-characterized. The objective of this study was to understand how subjective and objective measures of sleep compare in patients with or without chronic tinnitus.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included consecutive adult patients who presented to a sleep laboratory between January 19, 2017, and January 10, 2020.

Depressive symptoms account for differences between self-reported versus polysomnographic assessment of sleep quality in women with myofascial TMD.

Patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) report poor sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). However, polysomnographic (PSG) studies show meagre evidence of sleep disturbance on standard physiological measures. The present aim was to analyse self-reported sleep quality in TMD as a function of myofascial pain, PSG parameters and depressive symptomatology.

Continuous positive airway pressure usage in hospitalized patients with known obstructive sleep apnea: discrepancy between admission pressure settings and laboratory-determined settings.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and predictors of correctly initiated continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) settings on the initial night of hospitalization in patients with known obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: Hospital records of all patients who underwent an outpatient therapeutic polysomnogram (PSG) at our institution between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included initial CPAP settings on hospital admission, latency to hospitalization (from sleep study), hospital length of stay, demographic variables, and PSG variables.

Polysomnographic Measurement of Sleep Duration and Bodily Pain Perception in the Sleep Heart Health Study.

Study Objectives: To determine whether total sleep time (TST) and specific sleep stage duration are associated with bodily pain perception and whether sex, age, or subjective sleepiness modifies this relationship.

Methods: Data from adults ages 39-90 y (n = 5,199) who took part in the Sleep Heart Health Study Exam 1 were analyzed. TST, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, and slow wave sleep (SWS) time were measured by unattended, in-home nocturnal polysomnography.

Validity of self-reported sleep bruxism among myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients and controls.

Sleep bruxism (SB), primarily involving rhythmic grinding of the teeth during sleep, has been advanced as a causal or maintenance factor for a variety of oro-facial problems, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD). As laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) assessment is extremely expensive and time-consuming, most research testing this belief has relied on patient self-report of SB. The current case-control study examined the accuracy of those self-reports relative to laboratory-based PSG assessment of SB in a large sample of women suffering from chronic myofascial TMD (n = 124) and a demographically matched control group without TMD (n = 46).

Polysomnographic investigation of sleep and respiratory parameters in women with temporomandibular pain disorders.

Study Objectives: Temporomandibular pain disorders (TMD) and myofascial pain were linked to increased prevalence of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on clinical grounds. However, the literature lacks an accurate polysomnographic (PSG) characterization of sleep abnormalities associated with TMD, given that prior studies included small or uncontrolled samples of TMD patients. The present investigation aims to objectively evaluate measures of sleep and respiratory disturbance in a large representative sample of TMD cases in comparison with matched controls.

Masticatory muscle sleep background electromyographic activity is elevated in myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients.

Despite theoretical speculation and strong clinical belief, recent research using laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) recording has provided new evidence that frequency of sleep bruxism (SB) masseter muscle events, including grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, is not increased for women with chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The current case-control study compares a large sample of women suffering from chronic myofascial TMD (n = 124) with a demographically matched control group without TMD (n = 46) on sleep background electromyography (EMG) during a laboratory PSG study. Background EMG activity was measured as EMG root mean square (RMS) from the right masseter muscle after lights out.

Sleep bruxism and myofascial temporomandibular disorders: a laboratory-based polysomnographic investigation.

Background: Many dentists believe that sleep bruxism (SB) is a pathogenic factor in myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but almost all supportive data rely on patients' self-reports rather than on direct observation.

Methods: The authors administered a structured self-report interview to determine whether a large and well-characterized sample of patients with myofascial TMD (124 women) experienced SB more often than did matched control participants (46 women). The authors then used data from a two-night laboratory-based polysomnographic (PSG) study to determine whether the case participants exhibited more SB than the control participants.

Neurosteroids, neuroactive steroids, and symptoms of affective disorders.

Neurosteroids (NS) are steroids synthesized by the brain. Neuroactive steroids (NAS) refers to steroids that, independent of their origin, are capable of modifying neural activities. NAS bind and modulate different types of membrane receptors.

A paracrine component of salient symptoms of depression in Cushing's of diencephalic origin, and in perimenstrual syndromes: a hypothesis.

Interrelationships between adrenocortical secretions and depression syndromes have been known since early in the 20th century. Now, the fact that pregnane and pregnene steroids are also known to be synthesized in the brain (they are termed neurosteroids (NS)), raises the possibility that these natural compounds could have paracrine effects. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can modulate biosynthesis of NSs.

Mechanisms involved in the neural construction of a body-centered reference axis for extrapersonal directed movements. A hypothesis.

To localize objects in space, it is necessary to refer them to a set of coordinates that serve as a frame of reference. Advances in molecular aspects of evolutionary developmental biology reveal how axial coordinates are established in embryos. But we do not yet know how axes of reference are constructed by adult animals.

Steroids, neuroactive steroids and neurosteroids in psychopathology.

The term "neurosteroid" (NS) was introduced by Baulieu in 1981 to name a steroid hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), that was found at high levels in the brain long after gonadectomy and adrenalectomy, and shown later to be synthetized by the brain. Later, androstenedione, pregnenolone and their sulfates and lipid derivatives as well as tetrahydrometabolites of progesterone (P) and deoxycorticosterone (DOC) were identified as neurosteroids. The term "neuroactive steroid" (NAS) refers to steroids which, independent of their origin, are capable of modifying neural activities.

[Neurobiology of depression and stress syndromes. Focus on active neurosteroids and neurosteroids].

That the brain is a target for hormones is a well established fact. Today we also know that brains can secrete the whole gamut of peptides and steroid hormones, i.e.

Effects of the active neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone on long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus: implications for depression.

We studied the effects of the active neurosteroid (ANS) allotetrahydrodeoxy corticosterone (ATHDOC) on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of intact, urethane anesthetized rats. Intravenous injection of the hormone at two doses, 0.1 and 0.

Effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on long-term potentiation in intact anesthetized rats.

We studied the effects of the neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on the long-term potentiation (LTP) paradigm in the dentate gyrus (DG) of urethane intact anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of 1 microg of the hormone in 1 microl of physiological solution 3 min before tetanization, produced a significant increase in both components of the perforant path-evoked potentials (EP) in the DG. The effects were already evident 1 min after tetanization.

Effects of androstenedione on long term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus. Relevance for affective and degenerative diseases.

We studied the effects of the androgenic hormone androstenedione, a 17-ketosteroid, on long term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of intact, urethane anesthetized rats. Intravenous injection of 10mg of the hormone dissolved in Nutralipid produced a significant increase of the population spike (PS), but not of the excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs). The results are discussed in terms of the potential enhancement that androstenedione may have on some aspects of memory processes as reported for other androgenic steroids.

Oxytocin induces long-term depression on the rat dentate gyrus: possible ATPase and ectoprotein kinase mediation.

We studied the effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) on the long-term potentiation (LTP) paradigm in the dentate gyrus (DG) of urethane anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of 1 microg of the hormone in 1 microl of physiological solution 2min before tetanization produced a significant decrease in both components of the perforant path evoked potentials (EP) in the DG. The effects appeared right after the tetanization stimuli and were more pronounced in the excitatory postsynaptic components of the EPs.

Novel metaphors appear anomalous at least momentarily: evidence from N400.

This study addresses a central question in perception of novel figurative language: whether it is interpreted intelligently and figuratively immediately, or only after a literal interpretation fails. Eighty sentence frames that could plausibly end with a literal, truly anomalous, or figurative word were created. After validation for meaningfulness and figurativeness, the 240 sentences were presented to 11 subjects for event related potential (ERP) recording.

Evolutionary psychiatry. Adaptationist and nonadaptationist conceptualizations.

Darwin's theory of evolution, and in particular one of its mechanisms, natural selection, is being used as the explanatory cornerstone of many unsolved problems in human biology and human affairs. Psychiatry is an example of that. Darwinian psychiatry's main proponents endorse the adaptationist program to carry out their project to implement an evolutionary psychiatry.

Dynamics of neural networks: a proposed mechanism to account for changes in clinical symptomatology through time in patients with psychotic diseases.

The classical Kraepelinean dichotomy between manic depressive insanity and the schizophrenias has been recently challenged from clinical and neurobiological quarters. It is not so infrequent to see patients shift from a manic to a schizophrenic symptomatology and vice versa. This paper proposes neurobiological mechanisms as to how these changes may occur, based on recent data on the functioning of neural networks at different modes.

Androsterone sulfate increases dentate gyrus population spike amplitude following tetanic stimulation.

We studied the effects of the androgenic hormone, androsterone sulfate, a 17-ketosteroid, on long term potentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of urethane anesthesized rats. Intravenous injection of 10 mg of the hormone dissolved in Nutralipid produced a significant increase of the population spike (PS), but not of the excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP). The results are discussed in terms of the potential enhancement that androsterone sulfate may have on memory as was described for one of its parent compounds, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its potential use as an antidepressant.

Effects of Intracortical Microstimulation and Vestibular Stimulation on Pelvic Floor Muscles in the Cat.

Experimental anatomical data in primates and transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex in humans indicate that this region projects to pelvic floor musculature. We investigated this problem in intact, anesthetized cats with intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). Further, we explored the characteristics of projection to pelvic floor muscles from the lateral vestibular nucleus of the brainstem.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) counteracts decremental effects of corticosterone on dentate gyrus LTP. Implications for depression.

It is well-established that levels of corticosterone sufficient to occupy Type II glucocorticoid receptors produce a decrement in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats. In the present series of experiments we investigate the interaction of corticosterone and the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) on LTP in the rat dentate gyrus. In confirmation of previous studies, we found that corticosterone (2 mg/kg) had decremental effects on LTP.

The specificity of stress responses to different nocuous stimuli: neurosteroids and depression.

The role that adrenal cortex and neurosteroid hormones may have in the etiology and/or maintenance of depressive diseases is discussed. Selye's concept of stress as the summation of unspecific body responses of the autonomic central nervous system (CNS) and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPAA) as the main characteristic of it is contrasted with Mason's view of stress responses as being specific for different stimuli, i.e.