[Molecular-genetic and epidemiologic examination of personnel subjected to occupational irradiation in Russian Federal Nuclear Center (Sarov). Report 3. Genetic characteristics of adaptive norm].

Was undertaken the effort to define the limits of the adaptive norms and of high risk groups in regard to the work connected with fissile materials (FM), radioactive materials (RM) and ionizing radiation sources (IRS). In view of the aforementioned goal it was made a comparative evaluation of the individual radiosensitivity measurements and anthropometric indicators in the cohort formed from VNIIEF personnel, which was exposed to a constant occupational gamma-neutron irradiation, as well as the non-irradiated cohort. There were analyzed the dispersion dependencies on height, on chest and on head circumference and heterozygosis by 9 loci.

[Molecular-genetic and epidemiologic examination of personnel subjected to occupational irradiation in the Russian Federal Nuclear Center (Sarov). Report 2. Genetic and non-genetic risk factors of morbidity].

Below is given a comparative evaluation of the genetic and the epidemiological examination of the cohort comprised by VNIIEF personnel subjected chronically to gamma-neutron ionizing radiation (74 persons), as well as nonirradiated cohort (74 persons). There are obtained data on the influence of the integral genotype structure on the health of an individual in case of occupational irradiation. The epidemiological analysis revealed statistically meaningful differences between the main and the control cohorts in the following five cases: acute respiratory diseases, diseases of upper respiratory tract, brain vessel malfunctions; illnesses connected with vision organs and cardio-vascular system and traumas.

[Molecular-genetic and epidemiologic examination of personnel subjected to occupational irradiation in Russian Federal Nuclear Center (Sarov). Report 1. Genome structural damage rate and radiosensitivity].

A comparative evaluation of the cytological and dosimetric examination of the cohort comprised by VNIEF personnel subjected chronically to gamma-neutron ionizing radiation, as well as non-irradiated cohort is given. The obtained data on the influence of the occupational and on X-ray irradiation, age and smoking on the rate of structural genome damage, as well as the activity of the human repair system activity are presented. The influence of the individual heterozygosis by 9 polymorphous loci: Hp, Tf, Gc; 6-PGD, EsD, ACP, PGM1, microsatellite lici SCF1PO and F13AO1 is shown.

[The effects of chronic radiation exposure on the frequency of mutations at minisatellite DNA loci in residents of the Techa Riverside Villages].

The frequency of mutations at eight minisatellite DNA loci (B6.7, CEB1, CEB15, CEB25, CEB 36, MS1, MS31 and MS32) in peripheral blood cells were assessed for exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages as a function of individual exposure doses. The frequency of minisatellite mutations was found to be significantly higher in male gametes than in female ones; no clear-cut dose-effect relationship was traced.

[Genomic instability in the offspring of irradiated parents: facts and interpretations].

This review is devoted to genomic instability in the offspring of parents that were irradiated or treated with chemical mutagens. The evidence is presented, showing high frequency of cancer diseases and instability of the genome of somatic and germline cells in the offspring of radiation-exposed animals. Possible epigenetic mechanisms of these effects are considered, as well as their significance as components of genetic factors of radiation risk for humans.

[Radiation and mutation induction in the human germline].

This review describes the results of some publications on monitoring radiation-induced mutation in the human germline. Recent data have shown that minisatellite loci provide a useful and sensitive experimental approach for monitoring radiation-induced mutation in humans. The progress made in validating this approach and the results of recent publications on the analysis of minisatellite mutation rates in the irradiated families are presented.

[Effect of interbreeding on the variability of anthropometric traits at birth and the variability of polymorphic genes].

Effects of outbreeding on variation of four anthropometric traits--body weight, body length, and circumferences of head and chest--and variability of seven polymorphic loci coding for blood proteins--HP, GC, PGD, GLO1, ESD, ACP, and PGM1--were studied. A total of 514 infants (271 boys and 243 girls) were examined. On the basis of pedigree analysis, two groups were formed: infants from monoethnic families (N = 363) and those from multiethnic backgrounds (N = 151).

[Effect of exogamy on morbidity among children during the first three years of life].

The incidence of common diseases among children in the first three years of life was studied in relation to the degree of outcrossing in family history, the level of education of both parents, and the age of entering nursery school. A total of 526 children (274 boys and 252 girls) were inspected. The factors under study proved to have no effect on morbidity among children under one year of age.

[Comparative analysis of variability in a complex of anthropometric traits in full-term and premature neonates].

Variations of four anthropometric traits (body weight, body length, circumference of head, and circumference of chest) were compared in 149 premature and 819 full-term newborns. The average value of every studied trait for premature newborns was much less than that for full-term newborns. In premature boys, the correlation between body weight and length and circumferences of head and chest was substantially decreased.

[Incidence of developmental defects in human embryos in the territory of Byelarus after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station].

The incidence of developmental abnormalities (DA) among 5 to 12-week human embryos collected in Minsk during abortions before the Chernobyl' accident was compared to that in Minsk, Mogilev, and southeastern districts of Gomel' and Mogilev regions before and after the accident. The incidence of DA among human embryos from the most radionuclide-contaminated rural regions of Byelarus exceeds that of the control group and of the urban population after the Chernobyl' accident by a factor of 1.5-2.

[Genetic aspects of chronologic dynamics of variability of morphophysiologic characteristics in newborns and their mothers].

Temporal dynamics of morphophysiological characteristics variability in generations of newborn children and their mothers living in Moscow is considered in this work. The study is based on histories of newborn children and histories of delivery in 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980. High rate of acceleration was exposed for women born since 1930.

[Heterozygosity and fertility in the Northern Selkup tribe].

The relationship between heterozygosity for 11 polymorphic loci and fertility of women having passed the menopause was studied in North-Siberian tribe North Selkup. Women with low level of heterozygosity were characterized by the highest values of variance of the number of livebirths and the index of early reproductive loss.

[Mutations in mouse minisatellite DNA, induced by radiation].

Male (101/HY x C3H/SnY) F1-hybrid mice were given an acute exposure to 0.5 or 1 Gy gamma-irradiation using 60Co, and DNA fingerprints were produced from parents and progeny using probes 33.6 and 33.

[Variability of polymorphic gene markers in Buryat and Russian newborns from Ulan-Ude].

Variability of ten polymorphic loci (ABO, RhD, PGD, ACP, PGM1, GLO, ESD, ADA, GC, TF) was studied in 326 Buryat and 310 Russian newborns from Ulan-Ude city. Marked differences between two groups were observed in the distributions of allelic frequencies of ABO, RhD, PGD, ACP, PGM1, GLO, ESD, GC loci. Genetic similarities between Buryat and other mongoloids were estimated.

[Influence of mother's heterozygosity on the variation of anthropometric traits in newborns].

The relationship between mother's heterozygosity as revealed by 14 polymorphic loci and variation of the set of anthropometric traits were studied in normal singleton newborns (174 boys, 127 girls). Statistically significant negative correlation between mother's heterozygosity and the index of fluctuating asymmetry was found in girls. Variances of four traits--body weight, body length, circumference of head and breast measured by first principal component, and mean number of minor deviations from development (stigma) are shown to be minimal in the children born by mothers with the average level of heterozygosity.

[Variation of anthropometric traits in normal newborns].

Variation of the set of anthropometric traits was studied in 302 normal singleton newborns (174 boys, 128 girls). Birth order has a significant effect on birth weight, body length and circumference of head and breast. The number of minor deviations from development per newborn (stigma) is negatively correlated with body weight and size.

[Negative correlation between heterozygosity and potential fertility in the Eveny population of Iakutiia].

The relationship between heterozygosity of 9 polymorphic loci and fertility of women surviving beyond the menopause was studied in the North-Siberian tribe Eveny. The number of pregnancies negatively correlated with the individual heterozygosity (r = -0.2913 + 0.

[Gametic disequilibrium in populations of reindeer Chukchi and Asian Eskimos].

Ten local populations of Reindeer Chukchi and four local populations of Asiatic Eskimos were surveyed for variation of nine polymorphic loci (MN, Ss, Cc, Ee, Duffy, AcP, PGM1, Hp, G3M). Pairwise linkage disequilibria were estimated from multilocus genotype frequencies using the Hill's method. Large amounts of linkage disequilibrium were found for the two pairs of linked genes MNSs and CcEe.

[The joint variability of the growth-weight characteristics and biochemical gene markers in newborn infants].

A relationship between heterozygosity of 6 biochemical loci and variability of 4 anthropometric traits at birth has been studied in 304 boys and girls from Moscow population. All 4 traits in boys are positively correlated with the number of loci for which they are heterozygous. The values of all the traits in girls are highest in homozygous individuals.

[Relation between heterozygosity and fertility in Forest Nentzy and Nganasan tribes].

The relationship between heterozygosity for 13 polymorphic loci and fertility of women having passed the menopause was studied in two North-Siberian tribes: Forest Nentzy (N = 108) and Nganasans (N = 68). The number of pregnancies positively correlated with the individual heterozygosity (r = 0.2910 +/- 0.

[Nonspecific inherited risk factors for acute respiratory diseases in children living in the western part of the Baikal-Amur railway].

Variation of 9 polymorphic loci was compared in 2 groups of children from Russian native and migrant population of Western area of Baikal-Amur Railway--those who suffered from acute respiratory diseases during first year of life and their parents, and normal children and their parents. Frequencies of genotypes 1-1 (HP locus). 00 (ABO locus), and pp (F locus) were significantly higher in normal children than in the affected ones.

[Variability of anthropometric traits at birth in healthy children and children suffering from acute respiratory diseases in the first year of life].

Variation of 5 anthropometric traits at birth in groups of normal children who had suffered from acute respiratory diseases during their first year of life was studied in Russian migrant and native population inhabiting the Western area of Baikal-Amur Railway. It was shown that affected children from migrant and native population had lower average values of all traits, as compared with normal children. In order to reduce the number of variable, the principal component analysis was applied.

[Comparative study of the variability of morpho-physiological traits and polymorphic genetic markers in migrant and local Russian population of the Western region of the Baikal-Amur railway].

Morpho-physiological traits and variation of gene markers of 119 complete families from Russian migrant population inhabiting the Western area of Baikal-Amur Railway and 92 such families from Russian native population from the same area were compared. In migrant women body length was 2 cm higher and age of menarche was 8 months earlier than in native population. Average values of 5 anthropometric measurements of newborns in migrant population were higher than in native population.