Beyond COVID-19, the case for collecting, analysing and using sex-disaggregated data and gendered data to inform outbreak response: a scoping review.

Introduction: Understanding sex and gender differences during outbreaks is critical to delivering an effective response. Although recommendations and minimum requirements exist, the incorporation of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis into outbreak analytics and response for informed decision-making remains infrequent. A scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the extent of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis in outbreak response within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Amoxicillin Blood Concentration in High-Dose Intravenous Discontinuous Amoxicillin: Look Beyond Numbers. Max-Amox Study.

Purpose: High doses of amoxicillin are recommended to treat severe infections such as endocarditis. Amoxicillin causes dose-dependent toxicities, in particular crystal nephropathy. Toxicity could be avoided by monitoring of amoxicillin trough plasma concentrations (ATPC).

Organisation of clinical research in intensive care units: A scoping review.

Background: Clinical research is essential for the development and progress of therapies and procedures. Intensive care units (ICUs) manage the sickest patients. Numerous clinical trials are organised in ICUs to evaluate new treatments or support techniques.

Characteristics of Global Rapid Response Team Deployers and Deployment, United States, 2019-2022.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) was created in 2015 to efficiently deploy multidisciplinary CDC experts outside the United States for public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased the need for domestic public health responders. This study aimed to follow up on previously published data to describe the GRRT surge staffing model during the height of the COVID-19 response.

Job description and perception of clinical research personnel working in a network of French intensive care units.

Background: There is a lack of information about the organisation and management of clinical research personnel in Europe and of their professional activity in intensive care. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional survey among personnel currently working in a French intensive care research network that involves 41 centres nationwide. The aim of the survey was to describe the personnel's personal and institutional organisation and management, their job perception in terms of satisfaction and stress, and suggestions for improvement.

Enhanced pain sensitivity in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is partially reverted by treatment: An exploratory study.

Background: Obesity is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) and chronic pain. OSA as well as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may modulate the pain perception threshold (PT) in patients with obesity.

Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal study, all patients admitted for obesity assessment were screened for OSA by nocturnal polygraphy (SOMNOcheck , IAH ≥10) and performed mechanical (Von Frey electronic device) and electrical (PainMatcher ) pain tests.

Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Childbirth to Demonstrate Fetal Head Moldability and Brain Compression: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Childbirth is a physiological process with significant medical risk, given that neurological impairment due to the birthing process can occur at any time. Improvements in risk assessment and anticipatory interventions are constantly needed; however, the birthing process is difficult to assess using simple imaging technology because the maternal bony pelvis and fetal skeleton interfere with visualizing the soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique with no ionizing radiation that can monitor the biomechanics of the birthing process.

Grapefruit Juice Flavanones Modulate the Expression of Genes Regulating Inflammation, Cell Interactions and Vascular Function in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postmenopausal Women.

Unlabelled: Grapefruit is a rich source of flavanones, phytochemicals suggested excreting vasculoprotective effects. We previously showed that flavanones in grapefruit juice (GFJ) reduced postmenopausal women's pulse-wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. However, mechanisms of flavanone action in humans are largely unknown.

Country Reports on Practical Aspects of Conducting Large-Scale Community Studies of the Tolerability of Mass Drug Administration with Ivermectin/Diethylcarbamazine/Albendazole for Lymphatic Filariasis.

This article is a compilation of summaries prepared by lead investigators for large-scale safety and efficacy studies on mass drug administration of IDA (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole) for lymphatic filariasis. The summaries highlight the experiences of study teams that assessed the safety and efficacy of IDA in five countries: India, Indonesia, Haiti, Papua New Guinea, and Fiji. They also highlight significant challenges encountered during these community studies and responses to those challenges that contributed to success.

Positive-case follow up for lymphatic filariasis after a transmission assessment survey in Haiti.

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been targeted for global elimination as a public health problem since 1997. The primary strategy to interrupt transmission is annual mass drug administration (MDA) for ≥5 years. The transmission assessment survey (TAS) was developed as a decision-making tool to measure LF antigenemia in children to determine when MDA in a region can be stopped.

The Added Value of Sensitivity to Nonnoxious Stimuli to Predict an Individual's Sensitivity to Pain.

Background: Simple tools are needed to predict postoperative pain. Questionnaire-based tools such as the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) are validated for this purpose, but prediction could be improved by incorporating other parameters.

Objectives: To explore the potency of sensitivity to nonpainful stimuli and biometric data to improve prediction of pain.

Effects of Totum-63 on glucose homeostasis and postprandial glycemia: a translational study.

Global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising and may affect 700 million people by 2045. Totum-63 is a polyphenol-rich natural composition developed to reduce the risk of T2D. We first investigated the effects of Totum-63 supplementation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice for up to 16 wk and thereafter assessed its safety and efficacy (2.

From the pharmaceutical to the clinical: the case for effervescent paracetamol in pain management. A narrative review.

Objective: Paracetamol has an established place in the management of mild-to-moderate pain, but has certain limitations, including varying bioavailability, and potential hepatotoxicity if taken in overdose. Effervescent formulations may help to overcome these limitations.

Methods: Pubmed searches, with no limits on date or language, were conducted in February 2020.

A multicenter, community-based, mixed methods assessment of the acceptability of a triple drug regimen for elimination of lymphatic filariasis.

Background: Many countries will not reach elimination targets for lymphatic filariasis in 2020 using the two-drug treatment regimen (diethylcarbamazine citrate [DEC] and albendazole [DA]). A cluster-randomized, community-based safety study performed in Fiji, Haiti, India, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea tested the safety and efficacy of a new regimen of ivermectin, DEC and albendazole (IDA).

Methodology/principal Findings: To assess acceptability of IDA and DA, a mixed methods study was embedded within this community-based safety study.

Impact of magnesium supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, on stress and magnesium status: secondary data from a randomized controlled trial.

Primary findings from a recent study reported that magnesium supplementation significantly reduced stress in severely stressed subjects with low magnesemia, and additional vitamin B6 enhanced this effect. The mechanism by which combining magnesium and vitamin B6 leads to reduced stress in these subjects remains to be elucidated. This secondary analysis investigated the impact of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation and perceived stress on erythrocyte magnesium levels, as a marker of body magnesium status.

COVID-19 Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons - 23 States, January 31-July 3, 2020.

Although non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons account for 0.7% of the U.S.

Safety and efficacy of co-administered diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and ivermectin during mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Haiti: Results from a two-armed, open-label, cluster-randomized, community study.

In Haiti, 22 communes still require mass drug administration (MDA) to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem. Several clinical trials have shown that a single oral dose of ivermectin (IVM), diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole (ALB) (IDA) is more effective than DEC plus ALB (DA) for clearing Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (Mf). We performed a cluster-randomized community study to compare the safety and efficacy of IDA and DA in an LF-endemic area in northern Haiti.

Dosing pole recommendations for lymphatic filariasis elimination: A height-weight quantile regression modeling approach.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends height or age-based dosing as alternatives to weight-based dosing for mass drug administration lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programs. The goals of our study were to compare these alternative dosing strategies to weight-based dosing and to develop and evaluate new height-based dosing pole scenarios.

Methodology/principal Findings: Age, height and weight data were collected from >26,000 individuals in five countries during a cluster randomized LF clinical trial.

The safety of double- and triple-drug community mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis: A multicenter, open-label, cluster-randomized study.

Background: The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) provides antifilarial medications to hundreds of millions of people annually to treat filarial infections and prevent elephantiasis. Recent trials have shown that a single-dose, triple-drug treatment (ivermectin with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole [IDA]) is superior to a two-drug combination (diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole [DA]) that is widely used in LF elimination programs. This study was performed to assess the safety of IDA and DA in a variety of endemic settings.

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of fetal head molding and brain shape changes during the second stage of labor.

To demonstrate and describe fetal head molding and brain shape changes during delivery, we used three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D finite element mesh reconstructions to compare the fetal head between prelabor and the second stage of labor. A total of 27 pregnant women were examined with 3D MRI sequences before going into labor using a 1 Tesla open field MRI. Seven of these patients subsequently had another set of 3D MRI sequences during the second stage of labor.

Transcultural adaptation and French validation of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire.

Purpose: To validate a French translation of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), which is a valuable tool to predict an individual's natural disposition to feel pain that could be used after surgery.

Methods: We studied content validity, internal consistency, convergent validity (anxiety, depression and catastrophism) and test-retest reliability of the French version of the PSQ (PSQ-F) in 146 patients either before scheduled surgery or during pregnancy; then, convergent and concurrent validity in 85 healthy volunteers submitted to nociceptive tests.

Results: Internal consistency of the PSQ-F was found to be excellent, with Cronbach's α at 0.

Genetics and postsurgical neuropathic pain: An ancillary study of a multicentre survey.

Background: Neuropathic pain following surgery could be a useful model for the study of the genetic mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify genetic predictors of persistent postsurgical neuropathic pain.

Design: An ancillary study from a prospective cohort.

Molecular xenomonitoring for Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex quinquefasciatus in two districts in Bangladesh supports transmission assessment survey findings.

Background: Careful monitoring for recrudescence of Wuchereria bancrofti infection is necessary in communities where mass drug administration (MDA) for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem has been stopped. During the post-MDA period, transmission assessment surveys (TAS) are recommended by the World Health Organization to monitor the presence of the parasite in humans. Molecular xenomonitoring (MX), a method by which parasite infection in the mosquito population is monitored, has also been proposed as a sensitive method to determine whether the parasite is still present in the human population.

How are patients with heart failure treated in primary care? .

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the adherence of general practitioners (GPs) to guidelines in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to describe GPs' prescribing behavior regarding patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study as part of the ETIC trial. Five classes of drugs were described: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs); β-blockers (BBs); mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs); diuretics (thiazide or loop diuretics); and digoxin.