Reappraisal of causing white tip disease of Canada thistle as a new species, , sp. nov., and bioactivity of its major metabolites.

Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus (syn.

Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural C-9-Methyl-Substituted 10-Membered Lactones and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives.

Fungal 10-membered lactones (TMLs), such as stagonolide A, herbarumin I, pinolidoxin, and putaminoxin, are promising candidates for the development of nature-derived herbicides. The aim of this study was to analyze the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of C-9-methyl-substituted TMLs with a multitarget bioassay approach to reveal compounds with useful (phytotoxic, entomotoxic, antimicrobial) or undesirable (cytotoxic) bioactivities. A new TML, stagonolide L (), along with five known compounds (stagonolides D () and E (), curvulides A () and B/B (,), and pyrenolide C ()), were purified from cultures of the phytopathogenic fungus , and five semisynthetic derivatives of and (-) were obtained.

Natural ten-membered lactones: sources, structural diversity, biological activity, and intriguing future.

Covering: 2012 to 2022Ten-membered lactones (TMLs) are an interesting and diverse group of natural polyketides that are abundant in fungi and, to a lesser extent, in bacteria, marine organisms, and insects. TMLs are known for their ability to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity, including phytotoxic, cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, and others. However, the random discovery of these compounds by scientific groups with various interests worldwide has resulted in patchy information about their distribution among different organisms and their biological activity.

Effects of Phytotoxic Nonenolides, Stagonolide A and Herbarumin I, on Physiological and Biochemical Processes in Leaves and Roots of Sensitive Plants.

Phytotoxic macrolides attract attention as prototypes of new herbicides. However, their mechanisms of action (MOA) on plants have not yet been elucidated. This study addresses the effects of two ten-membered lactones, stagonolide A (STA) and herbarumin I (HBI) produced by the fungus , on , and .

Structure-Activity Relationship of Phytotoxic Natural 10-Membered Lactones and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives.

Ten-membered lactones (nonenolides) demonstrate phytotoxic, antimicrobial, and fungicidal activity promising for the development of natural product-derived pesticides. The fungus is able to produce phytotoxic stagonolides A (), J (), K () and herbarumin I () with high yield. The aim of this study was to create a set of structurally related nonenolides and to reveal the structural features that affect their biological activity.

Entomotoxic Activity of the Extracts from the Fungus, and Its Major Metabolite, Tenuazonic Acid.

The study of fungal antibiotics in their competitive interactions with arthropods may lead to the development of novel biorational insecticides. Extracts of MFP253011 obtained using various methods showed a wide range of biological activities, including entomotoxic properties. Analysis of their composition and bioactivity allowed us to reveal several known mycotoxins and unidentified compounds that may be involved in the entomotoxic activity of the extracts.

Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity of Three Phytotoxins Produced by the Fungus, .

The use of many fungal phytotoxins as natural herbicides is still limited because they cannot penetrate leaf cuticle without injury and a little is known on their selectivity. In order to assess the herbicidal potential of phytotoxic 10-membered lactones (stagonolide A, stagonolide K, and herbarumin I), the selection of adjuvants, the evaluation of selectivity of the toxins and the efficacy of their formulations were performed. Among four adjuvants tested, Hasten™ (0.

Isolation and Bioactivity of Secondary Metabolites from Solid Culture of the Fungus, .

The fungus, is considered to be a potential agent for the biocontrol of perennial sowthistle (). A new chlorinated xanthone, methyl 8-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-chloro-9-oxo-9-xanthene-1-carboxylate () and a new benzophenone derivative, 5-chloromoniliphenone (), were isolated together with eleven structurally related compounds (-) from the solid culture of the fungus, which is used for the production of bioherbicidal inoculum of . Their structures were determined by spectroscopic (mostly by NMR and MS) methods.

Stagonolides J and K and Stagochromene A, Two New Natural Substituted Nonenolides and a New Disubstituted Chromene-4,5-dione Isolated from S-47 Proposed for the Biocontrol of .

Two new natural 10-membered macrolides (, ) and one chromene-4,5-dione derivative (), named stagonolides J and K and stagochromene A, respectively, were isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus S-47, together with two known compounds, stagonolide A () and herbarumin I (). Stagonolides J and K and stagochromene A were characterized as (5,7*,8*,9*)-7,8-dihydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, (5,7,9)-7-hydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, and (2*,3*)-3-hydroxy-2-propyltetrahydro-2-chromene-4,5(3,4a)-dione, respectively, by spectroscopic (mostly by NMR and ESIMS) data. Compounds - showed different rates of phytotoxic activity on punctured leaf discs of .

[The technologies of inpatient care substitution in surgery].

It was analyzed the introduction of inpatient care substitution technologies in multi-disciplinary Polyclinic OAO «Gazprom». Organizational principles of outpatient surgical interventions under general and combined anesthesia are represented. Also it was described surgical features to decrease incidence of intra- and postoperative complications.

[Characteristics of heritability and effect of selection on prevalence of diffuse-toxic goiter in population].

On genealogic data about 242 Gravers disease patients, fertility parameters of 2105 healthy and 369 Grave's disease women peculiarities of genetic determination and natural selection of disease were studied. Results of the genetic analysis have revealed conformity of Grave's disease inheritance to alternative model parameters. Homozygote penetrance within the framework of this model was 78.

Analytical kinetics of clustering processes with cooperative action of aggregation and fragmentation.

Some models of clustering processes are formulated and analytically solved employing generating functions methods. Those models include events that result from combined action of the coagulation and fragmentation processes. Fragmentation processes of two kinds, so-called similar and arbitrary, ones, are brought forward, and the explicit forms of their solutions are produced.

Material equations for electromagnetism with toroidal polarizations.

With regard to the toroid contributions, a modified system of equations of electrodynamics moving continuous media has been obtained. Alternative formalisms to introduce the toroid moment contributions in the equations of electromagnetism has been worked out. The two four-potential formalism has been developed.

Animal model and in vitro studies of anti neurofilament antibodies mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with serum antibodies directed specifically against phosphorylated epitopes highly enriched in the heavy neurofilament protein NF-H of cholinergic neurons. Prolonged immunization of rats with these molecules but not with other NF-H isoforms results in cognitive impairments. This animal model, termed experimental autoimmune dementia (EAD), supports a role for such antibodies in neurodegeneration in AD.

Decreased density of forebrain cholinergic neurons and disintegration of the spatial organization of behavior in experimental autoimmune dementia (EAD).

Experimental autoimmune dementia (EAD) is a rat model designed to examine the potential role of anti-cholinergic neurons antibodies (Abs) in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. We have previously shown that sera of AD and Down's syndrome patients contain Abs which bind specifically to the high molecular weight neurofilament protein (NF-H) of the purely cholinergic electromotor neurons of Torpedo. Production of such Abs in EAD rats by prolonged immunization with Torpedo cholinergic NF-H results in the accumulation of IgG in the septum and hippocampus of the immunized rats and in memory deficits.

Disintegration of the spatial organization of behavior in experimental autoimmune dementia.

Experimental autoimmune dementia is a rat model designed to examine the potential role of anti-cholinergic neurons antibodies in neuronal degeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease. We have previously shown that sera of patients with Alzheimer's disease contain antibodies which bind specifically to the high molecular weight neurofilament protein of the purely cholinergic electromotor neurons of Torpedo. Production of such antibodies in experimental autoimmune dementia rats by prolonged immunization with the Torpedo cholinergic high molecular weight neurofilament subunit results in accumulation of antibodies in the septum and hippocampus of the immunized rats, in a marked decrease in the density of forebrain cholinergic neurons, and in memory deficits.

Decreased density of forebrain cholinergic neurons in experimental autoimmune dementia.

Sera of Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome patients contain antibodies which bind specifically to the high molecular weight neurofilament protein of Torpedo cholinergic neurons. We have recently shown that prolonged immunization of rats with this antigen results in the accumulation of IgG in neurons in the septum and hippocampus of the immunized rats and in cognitive impairments. This animal model is termed experimental autoimmune dementia.

[Antiheparin properties of synthetic polycations].

The toxicity of differently structured polymeric compounds for mice (intravenously) and their antiheparin properties in in vitro and in vivo tests were studied. The antiheparin activity display polymers containing amino groups or onium atoms of nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus in various structures. The antagonism to heparin is due to the polymers being endowed with polycationic properties.