Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori determined by microdilution method using a new medium.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori isolates was performed by broth microdilution method with MegaCell RPMI-1640 Medium (SIGMA). Fifty five clinical isolates of H. pylori were tested against metronidazole, tinidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin.

In vitro antimycotic activity and nail permeation models of a piroctone olamine (octopirox) containing transungual water soluble technology.

Several in vitro studies with a new medical device (Myfungar) containing 0.5% of piroctone olamine (CAS 68890-66-4, octopirox) in a hydroxypropyl chitosan hydroalcoholic solution were performed. The chemical name of the active ingredient is 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6 (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(1H)-pyridone; combination with 2-amino-ethanol (1:1).

Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents endowed with H2-antagonist properties.

New anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) agents endowed with H2-antagonists properties were obtained by combining the lamtidine derived pharmacophoric group with the antibiotic calvatic acid. All the compounds were tested for their irreversible H2-antagonist properties and for their ability to inhibit 20 H.

Helicobacter pylori: ureA, cagA and vacA expression during conversion to the coccoid form.

As viability of coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori can only be verified by demonstrating the integrity of the DNA and active protein synthesis, we analysed the expression of ureA, cagA, vacA genes after prolonged incubation in a liquid medium. Exponentially growing and ageing phase cultures were used. Our results showed that, although the coccoid forms had decreased DNA and RNA levels after 31 days, they were not degraded and still expressed the urease, cytotoxic island and vacuolating toxin genes.

Helicobacter pylori: cultivability and antibiotic susceptibility of coccoid forms.

Helicobacter pylori is an actively dividing helical bacterium that changes to coccoid morphology as the culture ages. It has been suggested that the coccoid forms may be involved in transmission of infection and in relapses following antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this investigation was to determine the survival and susceptibility of the coccoid forms to amoxycillin, erythromycin, gentamicin and metronidazole.

'In vitro' development of metronidazole, erythromycin, amoxicillin and gentamicin resistance in Helicobacter pylori.

Serial passage of 37 Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates on increasing concentrations of metronidazole rapidly produced five strains with MICs up to 512 fold higher than those for the original strains. For these five metronidazole-resistant strains the MICs of erythromycin, gentamicin and amoxicillin were unchanged. When they were submitted to the same technique for these last antimicrobial agents, only one strain developed high level resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin having MIC values respectively up to 32 and 64-fold increased.

Activity of amoxicillin, metronidazole, bismuth salicylate and six aminoglycosides against Helicobacter pylori.

The in vitro activity of metronidazole, amoxicillin, bismuth salicylate and some aminoglycosides, such as ribostamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin and netilmicin was evaluated against 60 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori using the agar dilution technique. All 60 strains were susceptible to amoxicillin, with minimum concentrations able to inhibit 50% (MIC 50) and 90% (MIC 90) of strains equal to 0.031 microgram/ml and 0.

Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori and pharmacokinetic properties in mice of new 5-nitroimidazole derivatives devoid of mutagenic activity in the Ames test.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole and four new 5-nitroimidazole derivatives (EU 11100, EU 11102, EU 11103, EU 11104), obtained by the reaction of 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazolyl-2-carboxyaldehyde and terbutyl-phenol, were determined against 25 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Three of them (EU 11100, EU 11103, EU 11104) exhibited an antibacterial activity higher than that of metronidazole. The last one, the molecule EU 11102, was less active than metronidazole.

[Bone marrow cryptococcosis as the first manifestation of AIDS].

Bone marrow cryptococcosis as initial sign of AIDS. The Authors describe a case of bone marrow cryptococcosis in a patient, female aged 27, in which a toluene-induced aplastic anemia was suspected. The mycosis was at first extracerebral and represented the initial manifestation of unexpected AIDS.

Listeria monocytogenes infections: the organism, its pathogenicity and antimicrobial drugs susceptibility.

L. monocytogenes can induce serious, life-threatening infections. Multiple clinical manifestations of the disease include neonatal and perinatal listeriosis, infections in adult immunocompromised patients as well as in normal hosts, with the CNS as the more frequent site involved.

Antibacterial, antimycotic and trichomonicidal activity of a new nitroimidazole (EU 11100).

The antimicrobial profile of a new nitroimidazole derivative (5-nitro-1-methyl-imidazolyl-2-hydroxy-3 terbutylphenyl carbinol) has been studied. The in vitro activity of the new molecule has been evaluated against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Trichomonas vaginalis, and mycetes, under suitable experimental conditions. The new compound was compared with ampicillin against aerobic bacteria; with metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli and T.

Activity of two benzofuran-imidazoles, IM/B/4-62 and IM/B/4-66, against experimental infections with Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

The therapeutic activity of two new benzofuran-imidazoles, IM/B/4-62 and IM/B/4-66, formulated as 1% cream, has been evaluated against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by inducing experimental vaginal candidosis in female rats and dermatophytosis in female guinea pigs. Results of the treatment were compared with those obtained by the same therapeutic regimen carried out with bifonazole. IM/B/4-66 proved to possess superior antimycotic activity to that of IM/B/4-62 and similar to that of bifonazole in both infections.

Antifungal activity of two benzofuran-imidazoles in different experimental conditions.

A number of experiments was performed in order to analyze the in vitro activity of two new benzofuran-imidazoles, IM/B/4-62 and IM/B/4-66. Studies included the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) on three culture media, at different pH values and at different inoculum sizes. Furthermore, the killing activity and induced resistance were determined.

Microbiological patterns of four new imidazole derivatives.

The authors present an in vitro experimental study concerning the microbiological properties of four imidazole derivatives, with a piperazine group between two benzene rings. Seventy strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, 30 of yeasts, 14 of filamentous fungi and 10 strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were tested. The new compounds revealed a good inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes.

Mutagenicity studies on dihydroergocristine.

Dihydroergocristine (DHEC) is an ergot derivative used for the therapy of patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. It was tested for mutagenicity by means of four tests. In the mutagenicity in vitro assay on Salmonella typhimurium, DHEC was checked at 10,000 micrograms/plate on TA98 and TA1538 strains and at 3000 micrograms/plate on TA1535, TA1537 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation.

[Activity of topical flunoxaprofen in nonspecific vaginitis. Comparison with meclocycline sulfosalicylate].

A trial was performed in 30 patients affected by non-specific vaginitis. The results show that the topical application (by vaginal washings) of flunoxaprofen produces a high therapeutic activity like that of meclocycline. Contrary to meclocycline, flunoxaprofen does not possess bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties.

Effect of cefotetan in clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters.

In hamsters the administration of clindamycin provokes a fatal diarrhea and death in 1-2 days. This study was performed in order to assess the possible protective effect of three cephalosporins in clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in these laboratory animals. The efficacy of cefotetan was compared with that of cefoxitin and latamoxef: the hamsters were treated twice daily for 5 days with clindamycin (10 mg/kg) by oral route, and cefotetan, cefoxitin and latamoxef (100 mg/kg) were given subcutaneously.

Treatment of experimental cystitis in the rat with a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol.

The therapeutic effectiveness of a single oral dose (60 and 200 mg/kg body weight) of fosfomycin trometamol (FT), norfloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) and pipemidic acid against experimental cystitis in the rat were compared. Infections were produced with clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in a total of 135 Sprague-Dawley albino rats. Oral treatment with all four drugs consistently lowered the numbers of CFU in bladder tissue, especially E.

Antibacterial activity in human urine of fosfomycin trometamol in an in vitro model of the urinary bladder.

The urinary concentrations of fosfomycin trometamol, norfloxacin, pipemidic acid and cotrimoxazole were studied at various times after oral administration of drugs in healthy volunteers. Using the same urine, the bactericidal activity of four antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an in vitro model simulating the treatment of bacterial cystitis was also evaluated. The results obtained show that very high concentrations of the drugs were achieved in urine particularly after the oral administration of the fosfomycin trometamol.