[Spondyloarthritis: modern terminology and definitions].

Unlabelled: Aim to identify outdated terms and make changes to the terminology of spondyloarthritis.

Materials And Methods: At the first stage of the work, the terms divided into two categories: "outdated" definitions and terms that need to be improved or unified. Subsequently, each member of the Expert Group of Spondyloarthritis at the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia (ExSpA) presented by its own definition of the designated term or agreed with the previous term.

[Microcrystalline stress in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis].

Aim: To estimate the rate of articular cartilage microcrystallization in osteoarthritis (OA).

Subjects And Methods: The investigation included 110 people who had undergone total endoprosthetic replacement for coxarthrosis. A total of 50 patients with total hip endoprosthetic replacement for femoral neck fractures were recruited as a comparison group.

PUMA protein in p53 regulatory molecule pattern determines the prognosis for patients with lymphoproliferative diseases.

The pool of apoptosis regulator proteins (p53, PUMA, p21, and MDM2) in the bone marrow, lymph node, and other tumor substrate cells were studied by immunocytochemical analysis in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases. Two groups of patients were distinguished, with the disease course differing by activities of the studied molecules. Activity of p53 was the minimum in the group with benign course of the disease, and protein p21 was not detected; MDM2 protein was present in moderate amounts in the presence of high PUMA activity.

Apoptosis regulator proteins: basis for the development of innovation strategies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients of different age.

Apoptosis markers (p53, PUMA, p21, and Mdm2) were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at the early and late stages of disease on bone marrow smears and frozen sections of the articular synovial membrane. The target molecules were found in all patients. The early stage was characterized by maximum expression of antiapoptotic (Mdm2) molecule and the minimum expression of proapoptotic molecules (p53, PUMA, and p21).

[Small molecules--principal participants of pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis].

Poorly known pathogenetic mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including apoptosis and aging are considered with special reference to dysregulation of the p53 protein system. The main p53 regulators, p21 and PUMA proteins, as well as p53 antagonist, Mdm22 are described. The intensity of apoptosis varies throughout RA evolution from low to high at the early and late stages of the pathological process respectively.

Small molecules regulating apoptosis in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: To study the rate of apoptosis and expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules in the synovial membrane in early and late rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Samples of the synovium, cartilage, synovial fluid, and blood serum were obtained from patients with seropositive RA. The localization of Bcl-2-, p53- and TUNEL-immunoreactive cells in the synovial membrane was studied.

Nitroxide synthase activities at different stages of adjuvant arthritis.

The location and activities of nitric oxide synthases in synovial cells during different stages of inflammatory process were studied by the immunocytochemical method in animals with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Direct involvement of the NOergic mechanisms in the development of adjuvant arthritis was demonstarted.

Apoptosis as a mechanism of autoimmune inflammation in human knee joint.

Apoptosis in the cartilage and synovial membrane of the knee joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied using the immunocytochemical TUNEL method. The degree of apoptosis correlated with the duration of inflammation. The process predominated in the chondroblast population, lymphocytic infiltration, and synovial membrane fibroblasts.

[NADPH-diaphorase topochemistry in human and rat knee joint structures and its changes in experimental arthritis].

Using the histochemical demonstration of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity, the distribution of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was studied in the cartilage and synovium of healthy man and rats and in experimental arthritis. Arthritis was induced in rats by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant; the material was studied at days 7, 14, 30 and 60 of inflammation. NADPH-d activity was different in man and rat.

[Nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis activity in chondrocytes of articular cartilage in posttraumatic knee instability].

The dynamics of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and apoptosis activity was studied in the in chondrocytes of articular cartilage of the patients with posttraumatic knee instability. Statistically significant increase of chondrocyte NOS activity was detected in the earliest period after the trauma (1.5 months).

Nitroxide synthase activity as a marker of early stages of experimental cartilage dysmetabolism.

Time course of nitroxide synthase activity in the knee joint cartilage was studied in animals with experimental anterior instability of the knee joint. A significant increase in nitroxide synthase activity in chondrocytes was paralleled by a progressive decrease in glycosaminoglycan content in the cartilaginous matrix and subsequent destruction of the cartilage cytoarchitectonics.

[Dynamics of the blood flow in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis--clinico-instrumental comparisons].

A certain stage-by-stage change in the regional blood flow was revealed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis depending on the degree of synovitis markedness. Having taken the volumetric blood flow and its intensity as the main criterion for the adequacy of regional hemodynamics, the authors propose to distinguish phases of compensation, subcompensation, and decompensation in the regional blood flow.