Comparing and linking the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to compare and link the total scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), two common global cognitive screeners.

Methods: 2,325 memory clinic patients (63.2 ± 8.

Pooling Alzheimer's disease clinical trial data to develop personalized medicine approaches is easier said than done: A proof-of-principle study and call to action.

Unlabelled: With the advent of the first generation of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease, it is clearer now more than ever that the field needs to move toward personalized medicine. Pooling data from past trials may help identify subgroups most likely to benefit from specific treatments and thus inform future trial design. In this perspective, we report on our effort to pool data from past Alzheimer's disease trials to identify patients most likely to respond to different treatments.

Digital remote assessment of speech acoustics in cognitively unimpaired adults: feasibility, reliability and associations with amyloid pathology.

Background: Digital speech assessment has potential relevance in the earliest, preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated the feasibility, test-retest reliability, and association with AD-related amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology of speech acoustics measured over multiple assessments in a remote setting.

Methods: Fifty cognitively unimpaired adults (Age 68 ± 6.

Facilitating clinical use of the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire: Normative data and a diagnostic cutoff value.

Objective: The Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q) is well validated and commonly used to assess difficulties in everyday functioning regarding dementia. To facilitate interpretation and clinical implementation across different European countries, we aim to provide normative data and a diagnostic cutoff for dementia.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from Dutch Brain Research Registry ( = 1,064; mean () age = 62 ± 11 year; 69.

Visual associative learning to detect early episodic memory deficits and distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other types of dementia.

Objective: We investigated how well a visual associative learning task discriminates Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from other types of dementia and how it relates to AD pathology.

Methods: 3,599 patients (63.9 ± 8.

Cognitive and Functional Change Over Time in Cognitively Healthy Individuals According to Alzheimer Disease Biomarker-Defined Subgroups.

Background And Objectives: It is unclear to what extent cognitive outcome measures are sensitive to capture decline in Alzheimer disease (AD) prevention trials. We aimed to analyze the sensitivity to changes over time of a range of neuropsychological tests in several cognitively unimpaired, biomarker-defined patient groups.

Methods: Cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort and the SCIENCe project with available AD biomarkers, obtained from CSF, PET scans, and plasma at baseline, were followed over time (4.

Using a digital tool to detect early changes in everyday functioning in older adults: A pilot study of the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET).

Introduction: To investigate the utility of a new digital tool for measuring everyday functioning in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, we piloted the Assessment of Smartphone Everyday Tasks (ASSET) application.

Methods: Forty-six participants (50.3 ± 27.

What's in a score: A longitudinal investigation of scores based on item response theory and classical test theory for the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in cognitively normal and impaired older adults.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether item response theory (IRT)-based scoring allows for a more accurate, responsive, and less biased assessment of everyday functioning than traditional classical test theory (CTT)-based scoring, as measured with the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire.

Method: In this longitudinal multicenter study including cognitively normal and impaired individuals, we examined IRT-based and CTT-based score distributions and differences between diagnostic groups using linear regressions, and investigated scale attenuation. We compared change over time between scoring methods using linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes for time.

Regional cerebral tau predicts decline in everyday functioning across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Background: Emerging difficulty performing cognitively complex everyday tasks, or 'instrumental activities of daily living' (IADL) may be an early clinical sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate how changes over time in everyday functioning relate to cerebral tau burden across the AD clinical spectrum.

Methods: We included 581 participants (73.

Changes in self- and study partner-perceived cognitive functioning in relation to amyloid status and future clinical progression: Findings from the SCIENCe project.

Introduction: We investigated changes in self- and study partner-reported self-perceived cognitive decline in relation to amyloid pathology and clinical progression, in a sample of cognitively normal individuals.

Methods: A total of 404 participants (63 ± 9 years, 44% female) and their study partners completed the Cognitive Change Index (CCI) yearly (0.7-6.

Everyday Functioning and Entorhinal and Inferior Temporal Tau Burden in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Background: Performance of cognitively complex "instrumental activities of daily living" (IADL) has previously been related to amyloid deposition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the relationship between IADL performance and cerebral tau accumulation in cognitively normal older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Determining the Minimal Important Change of Everyday Functioning in Dementia: Pursuing Clinical Meaningfulness.

Background And Objectives: Decline in everyday functioning is a key clinical change in Alzheimer disease and related disorders (ADRD). An important challenge remains the determination of what constitutes a clinically meaningful change in everyday functioning. We aimed to investigate this by establishing the minimal important change (MIC): the smallest amount of change that has a meaningful effect on patients' lives.

Giving meaning to the scores of the Amsterdam instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire: a qualitative study.

Background: Everyday functioning is a clinically relevant concept in dementia, yet little is known about the clinical meaningfulness of scores on functional outcome measures. We aimed to establish clinically meaningful scoring categories for the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q), representing no, mild, moderate and severe problems in daily functioning.

Methods: Informal caregivers (n = 6) of memory-clinic patients and clinicians (n = 13), including neurologists and nurse specialists, working at various memory clinics in The Netherlands.

Everyday Functioning in a Community-Based Volunteer Population: Differences Between Participant- and Study Partner-Report.

Impaired awareness in dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease and related disorders made study partner-report the preferred method of measuring interference in "instrumental activities of daily living" (IADL). However, with a shifting focus toward earlier disease stages and prevention, the question arises whether self-report might be equally or even more appropriate. The aim of this study was to investigate how participant- and study partner-report IADL perform in a community-based volunteer population without dementia and which factors relate to differences between participant- and study partner-report.

The Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A): Establishing norm scores in a community-dwelling population.

Background: Heightened public awareness about Alzheimer's disease and dementia increases the need for at-home cognitive self-testing. We offered Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A) to independent groups of cognitively normal adults and investigated the robustness of a norm-score formula and cutoff.

Methods: Three thousand eighty-eight participants (mean age ± standard deviation = 61 ± 12 years, 70% female) completed COST-A and evaluated it.

Decline in cognitively complex everyday activities accelerates along the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Background: Impairment in daily functioning is a clinical hallmark of dementia. Difficulties with "instrumental activities of daily living" (IADL) seem to increase gradually over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), before dementia onset. However, it is currently not well established how difficulties develop along the preclinical and prodromal stages of AD.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaire short version German for Switzerland.

Background: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) limitations are associated with reduced health-related quality of life for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). For these people, the assessment of IADL is crucial to the diagnostic process, as well as for the evaluation of new interventions addressing MCI. The Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire Short Version (A-IADL-Q-SV) is an established assessment tool with good psychometric properties that has been shown to be robust to cultural differences in Western countries.

The influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment: An international validation of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire in eight countries.

Introduction: To understand the potential influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment in dementia, we aimed to investigate possible bias caused by age, gender, education, and cultural differences.

Methods: A total of 3571 individuals (67.1 ± 9.

Shape of the anterior cornea: comparison of height data from 4 corneal topographers.

Purpose: To compare the ability of clinical corneal topographers to describe the shape of the anterior cornea for optical modeling.

Setting: University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Performance in specular reflection and slit-imaging corneal topography.

Purpose: Assessment of the relative performance in measuring corneal shape and corneal aberrations for two specular reflection topographers: Keratron Placido Ring Topographer, VU Topographer, and two slit-lamp imaging instruments: Orbscan II and Topcon SL-45 Scheimpflug.

Methods: Corneal height maps of the anterior corneal surface were obtained from a group of 34 subjects with all four instruments; posterior corneal surface height maps were only obtained with the two slit-lamp imaging instruments. Corneal surface shapes are calculated in terms of radius of curvature and asphericity fitting an aspheric model.

Equivalent refractive index of the human lens upon accommodative response.

Purpose: To experimentally verify the suggestion of Gullstrand (1909), i.e., that the equivalent refractive index of the human lens increases with accommodation.

Development of a ciliary muscle-driven accommodating intraocular lens.

Purpose: To develop a ciliary muscle-driven accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) that has a large and predictable range of variable power as a step toward spectacle independence.

Setting: Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Methods: A concept IOL that has a rotating focus mechanism and a mechanical frame that can operate within the range of ciliary muscle contraction of a typical 60-year-old human eye was designed.

Changes in the internal structure of the human crystalline lens with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and type 2 on the internal structure of the lens.

Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Participants And Controls: One hundred seven patients with DM type 1, 106 patients with DM type 2, and 75 healthy control subjects.