Residual symmetries for neutrino mixing with a large θ13 and nearly maximal δD.

The residual Z(2)(s)(k) and Z(2)(s)(k) symmetries induce a direct and unique phenomenological relation with θx (≡ θ13) expressed in terms of the other two mixing angles θs(≡ θ12) and θa(≡ θ23) and the Dirac CP phase δD. Z(2)(s)(k) predicts a θx probability distribution centered around 3°-6° with an uncertainty of 2°-4°, while those from Z(2)(s)(k) are approximately a factor of 2 larger. Either result fits the T2K, MINOS, and Double Chooz measurements.

Scales of mass generation for quarks, leptons, and majorana neutrinos.

We study 2-->n inelastic fermion-(anti)fermion scattering into multiple longitudinal weak gauge bosons and derive universal upper bounds on the scales of fermion mass generation by imposing unitarity of the S matrix. We place new upper limits on the scales of fermion mass generation, independent of the electroweak symmetry breaking scale. Strikingly, we find that the strongest 2-->n limits fall in a narrow range, 3-170 TeV (with n=2-24), depending on the observed fermion masses.