Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharide Hydrolysate from Lactobacillus plantarum LPC-1 and Their Effect on Spinach (Spinach oleracea L.) Growth.

This study presents a comparison between two hydrolysis systems (MnO/HO and ascorbic acid (VC)/HO) for the depolymerization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum LPC-1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize these two degradation systems, resulting in two HO-free degradation products, MEPS (MnO/HO-treated EPS) and VEPS (VC/HO-treated EPS), where HO residues in the final products and their antioxidant activity were considered vital points. The relationship between the structural variations of two degraded polysaccharides and their antioxidant activity was characterized.

Exploring the mechanism of exopolysaccharides in mitigating cadmium toxicity in rice through analyzing the changes of antioxidant system.

Recently, exopolysaccharides (EPS) were found to alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity to crops by regulating the antioxidant system, but the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, by quantitative and transcriptomic approaches, a systematical map of the changes in the antioxidant system was drawn to dissected the underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (ASA-GSH cycle) is a major contributor.

Preparation of polysaccharide-conjugated selenium nanoparticles from spent mushroom substrates and their growth-promoting effect on rice seedlings.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained significant attention in the agricultural field due to their favorable bioavailability and low toxicity, making them a highly researched subject. In this study, crude polysaccharides from spent mushroom substrate of Agrocybe aegerita (AaPs) were extracted for preparing the polysaccharide‑selenium-nanoparticles (AaPs-SeNPs) by ascorbic acid reduction method. The structure of AaPs-SeNPs was analyzed and their growth-promoting effects on rice seedlings were studied by adopting different application methods.

Aqua-bis-(4-chloro-2-hy-droxy-benzoato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')zinc(II).

In the title compound, [Zn(C(7)H(4)ClO(3))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)], the Zn(II) cation is coordinated by two 4-chloro-2-salicylate anions, one 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and one water mol-ecule in a square-pyramidal coordination geometry; the Zn cation lies 0.4591 (11) Å from the basal plane. The benzene rings of the anions are involved in π-π stacking.

Dichloridobis(isoquinoline-κN)zinc(II).

In the title compound, [ZnCl(2)(C(9)H(7)N)(2)], the Zn(II) cation is coordinated by two Cl(-) anions and two isoquinoline ligands in a distorted ZnCl(2)N(2) tetra-hedral geometry; the two isoquinoline ring systems are twisted with respect to each other at a dihedral angle of 45.72 (8)°. The parallel isoqiunoline ring systems of adjacent mol-ecules are partially overlapped, with the shorter face-to-face distance of 3.

catena-Poly[[diaqua-bis-(isoquinoline-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-succinato-κO:O].

In the title compound, [Co(C(4)H(4)O(4))(C(9)H(7)N)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Co(II) cation, located on an inversion center, is coordinated by two succinate anions, two isoquinoline ligands and two water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The succinate anion, located across another inversion center, bridges the Co cations, forming polymeric chains running along the b axis. The partially overlapped arrangement of parallel isoquinoline ring systems of adjacent polymeric chains and the shorter face-to-face distance of 3.

Bis(μ-2,4-dihy-droxy-benzoato-κO:O')bis-[aqua-(2,4-dihy-droxy-benzoato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')cadmium(II)].

In the title centrosymmetric dimeric Cd(II) complex, [Cd(2)(C(7)H(5)O(4))(4)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Cd(II) cation is coord-inated by a bidentate phenanthroline (phen) ligand, three dihy-droxy-benzoate (dhba) anions and one water mol-ecule in a distorted CdN(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. Among the dhba anions, two anions bridge two Cd(II) cations to form the dimeric complex with significant different Cd-O bond distances of 2.2215 (19) and 2.

[(E)-But-2-enoato-κO]chlorido(2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thia-zole-κN,N)zinc(II) monohydrate.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(4)H(5)O(2))Cl(C(6)H(6)N(4)S(2))]·H(2)O, the Zn(II) cation is coordinated by a bidentate diamino-bithia-zole (DABT) ligand, a but-2-enoate anion and a Cl(-) anion in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. Within the DABT ligand, the two thia-zole rings are twisted to each other at a dihedral angle of 4.38 (10)°.

Bis(μ-4-chloro-2-oxidobenzoato)bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)] dihydrate.

The structure of the the title compound, [Cu(2)(C(7)H(3)ClO(3))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, consists of a dimeric unit involving a planar Cu(2)O(2) group arranged around an inversion center. The coordination sphere of the Cu(II) atom can be described as an elongated distorted square pyramid where the basal plane is formed by the two N atoms of the 1,10-phenanthroline mol-ecule and the two O atoms of the hydroxy-chloro-benzoate (hcbe) anion. The long apical Cu-O distance of 2.

Bis(μ-imino-diacetato)bis-[(2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thia-zole)lead(II)] tetra-hydrate.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Pb(2)(C(4)H(5)NO(4))(2)(C(6)H(6)N(4)S(2))(2)]·4H(2)O, the dinuclear Pb(II) complex mol-ecule is centrosymmetric. The Pb atom is chelated by a tridentate imino-diacetate anion (IDA) and a diamino-bithia-zole (DABT) ligand, while a carboxyl-ate O atom from an adjacent IDA anion further bridges the Pb atom with a longer Pb-O bond [2.892 (3) Å].

Poly[[tris-(μ(3)-2-oxidopyridinium-3-carboxyl-ato)manganese(II)sodium(I)] monohydrate].

In the crystal structure of the title compound, {[MnNa(C(6)H(4)NO(3))(3)]·H(2)O}(n), the Mn(II) cation is located on a threefold rotation axis and is chelated by three 2-oxidopyridinium-3-carboxyl-ate (opc) anions in an octa-hedal coordination. The Na(I) cation is located on a threefold rotation axis and is surrounded by six O atoms from three opc anions. The opc anions link the Mn and Na cations, forming a three-dimensional polymeric structure.

Bis(1H-imidazole-κN)bis-(2-oxidopyridinium-3-carboxyl-ato-κO,O)cobalt(II).

In the mol-ecule of the title Co(II) complex, [Co(C(6)H(4)NO(3))(2)(C(3)H(4)N(2))(2)], the Co(II) atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and chelated by two oxidopyridiniumcarboxyl-ate anions and further cis-coordinated by two imidazole ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The shorter C-O bond distance of 1.260 (2) Å suggests electron delocalization between the oxido group and the pyridinium ring.

Bis(1H-imidazole-κN)bis-(2-oxidopyridinium-3-carboxyl-ato-κO,O)nickel(II).

In the crystal structure of the title Ni(II) complex, [Ni(C(6)H(4)NO(3))(2)(C(3)H(4)N(2))(2)], the Ni(II) atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and is chelated by two oxidopyridiniumcarboxyl-ate anions and further cis-coordinated by two imidazole ligands in a distorted cis-N(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. The C-O bond distance of 1.2573 (19) Å found for the non-coordinating O atom of the carboxyl-ate group indicates significant delocalization of π-electron density over this residue.

Bis[4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium] μ-4,4'-bipyridine-bis-[tetra-aqua-(4,4'-bipyridine)manganese(II)] bis-(5-sulfonatobenzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ate) 4,4'-bipyridine solvate penta-deca-hydrate.

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C(10)H(9)N(2))(2)[Mn(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(3)(H(2)O)(8)](C(8)H(3)O(7)S)(2)·C(10)H(8)N(2)·15H(2)O, consists of dinuclear Mn(II) complex cations, sulfonato-benzene-dicarboxyl-ate trianions, 4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium cations, uncoordin-ated 4,4'-bipyridine and uncoordinated water mol-ecules. One 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecule bridges two Mn atoms, forming a centrosymmetric dinuclear complex; the mid-point of the C-C bond linking the pyridine rings of the bridging ligand is located on an inversion center. Each Mn(II) atom is coordinated by four water and two 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry.

Bis(3-hydroxy-pyridine-κN)bis-(3-nitro-benzoato-κO)zinc(II).

The title complex, [Zn(C(7)H(4)NO(4))(2)(C(5)H(5)NO)(2)], has site symmetry 2. The Zn(II) ion is located on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and assumes a distorted tetra-hedral ZnN(2)O(2) coordination geometry. Mol-ecules are linked by an inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond and π-π stacking inter-actions between pyridine rings [centroid-centroid speparation 3.

Tetra-μ(2)-acetato-κO:O'-bis-[(isoquinoline-κN)copper(II)].

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(9)H(7)N)(2)], the Cu(II) cation is coordinated by four acetate anions and one isoquinoline mol-ecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry; the Cu(II) cation is 0.1681 (6) Å from the basal coordination plane formed by the four O atoms. Each acetate anion bridges two Cu(II) cations to form the centrosymmetric dinuclear complex.

Aqua-(2,2'-bipyridine)bis-(4-hydroxy-benzoato)zinc(II).

In the title complex, [Zn(C(7)H(5)O(3))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)], the Zn(II) ion is coordinated by two 4-hydroxy-benzoate anions, one 2,2'-bipyridine mol-ecule and one water mol-ecule and displays a distorted octa-hedral geometry. One Zn-O bond [2.5300 (15) Å] is much longer than the others in the mol-ecule.

Poly[bis-(μ(2)-pyrimidine-2-carboxyl-ato-κO,N:O',N')calcium].

In the crystal structure of the title polymeric complex, [Ca(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(2))(2)](n), the Ca(II) cation has site symmetry m2 and is N,O-chelated by four pyrimidine-2-carboxyl-ate anions in a square-anti-prismatic geometry. The planar pyrimidine-2-carboxyl-ate anion is located on a crystallographic special position, three C atoms have site symmetry 2mm, while the carboxyl O atom, the pyrimidine N atom and the other C atom have site symmetry m. Each pyrimidine-2--carboxyl-ate anion bridges two Ca(II) cations, forming polymeric sheets extending parallel to (001).

Bis(2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thia-zole-κN,N)bis-(nitrato-κO)lead(II) dihydrate.

In the title compound, [Pb(NO(3))(2)(C(6)H(6)N(4)S(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, the Pb(II) cation is N,N'-chelated by two 2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thia-zole (DABT) ligands and further is cis coordinated by two nitrate anions in a distorted PbN(4)O(2) octa-hedral geometry. One of the uncoordinated water mol-ecules is close to an inversion center and is disordered equally over two sites. Intra-molecular N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O inter-actions are present.

Bis(3-hydroxy-pyridinium) fumarate.

The crystal structure of the title compound, 2C(5)H(6)NO(2) (+)·C(4)H(2)O(4) (2-), consists of 3-hydroxy-pyridinium cations and fumarate dianions. The dianion is located on an inversion center and the cation is linked to it by O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The cation is twisted with respect to the anion by 24.

4-Acetyl-pyridine-fumaric acid (2/1).

In the crystal structure of the title cocrystal, 2C(7)H(7)NO·C(4)H(4)O(4), the complete fumaric acid mol-ecule is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The two components of the cocrystal are linked by an O-H⋯N hydrogen bond.

Hexakis(1H-imidazole-κN)cobalt(II) triaqua-tris(1H-imidazole-κN)cobalt(II) bis-(naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ate).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C(3)H(4)N(2))(6)][Co(C(3)H(4)N(2))(3)(H(2)O)(3)](C(12)H(6)O(4))(2), contains two halves of crystallographically independent Co(II) complex cations, each assuming a distorted octa-hedral geometry, and one uncoordinated naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ate dianion. One Co(II) cation is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six imidazole mol-ecules, while the other Co(II) cation is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by three water and three imidazole mol-ecules. The uncoordinated naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ate dianion links both Co(II) complex cations via O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.

Poly[octa-μ-aqua-tetra-aqua-bis(μ(4)-5-sulfonatobenzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ato)nickel(II)tetra-sodium].

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Na(4)Ni(C(8)H(3)O(7)S)(2)(H(2)O)(12)](n), the Ni(II) cation occupies an inversion centre and is coordinated by the carboxyl groups of the sulfoisophthalate trianions and water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Two independent Na(I) atoms are connected by the carboxyl and sulfonate groups of the sulfoisophthalate ligands anions and water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The sulfoisophthalate ligands and coordinated water mol-ecules bridge the Ni(II) and Na(I) cations, forming a three-dimensional polymeric structure.

Poly[octa-μ-aqua-tetra-aqua-bis(μ-5-sul-fon-atobenzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ato)cobalt(II)tetra-sodium].

The title compound, [CoNa(4)(C(8)H(3)O(7)S)(2)(H(2)O)(12)](n), is a three-dimensional coordination polymer bridged by sulfoisophthalate trianions and water mol-ecules. The Co(II) atom, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by two carboxyl-ate groups of the sulfoisophthalate trianions and by four water mol-ecules in a distorted CoO(6) octa-hedral geometry. Two independent Na(I) atoms also have a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry formed by water, carboxyl-ate O and sulfonate O atoms.

Tetra-kis(μ(2)-phenyl-acetato-κO:O')bis-[(isoquinoline-κN)copper(II)].

In the title centrosymmetric binuclear Cu(II) complex, [Cu(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(C(9)H(7)N)(2)], the two Cu cations are bridged by four carboxyl-ate groups of the phenyl-acetate anions; each Cu cation is further coordinated by an isoquinoline ligand to complete the distorted CuO(4)N square-pyramidal geometry. The Cu cation is displaced by 0.2092 (8) Å from the basal plane formed by the four O atoms.