Intrinsic retinoic acid synthesis is required for oligodendrocyte progenitor expansion during CNS remyelination.

Myelin regeneration (remyelination) in the CNS depends on the recruitment, proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) at demyelinated lesions. However, despite the presence of OPCs, very few oligodendrocytes and myelin are regenerated in chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions for reasons that remain poorly understood. Here, using a spontaneous remyelination model in mice, we found that retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), a rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, is upregulated in OPCs and in a subpopulation of microglia/macrophages during remyelination.

The Natural History of Peripheral Arterial Disease Following Lower Extremity Revascularization at a Single Institution.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is widely prevalent, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. However, the natural history of this disease process following lower extremity revascularization has not been fully delineated. We aimed to analyze this disease process with particular attention to subsequent interventions, wound complications, and mortality.

Single versus dual antiplatelet therapy impact on coagulation/thrombosis post PAD revascularization.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the impact of single- versus dual-antiplatelet (SAPT vs DAPT) therapy on coagulation profiles and postoperative outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods: Patients with PAD undergoing lower extremity revascularization from December 2020 to August 2023 were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study and followed for one year to record the incidence of thrombotic events (TEs). These events include arterial graft/stent occlusion or stenosis, as identified through Doppler ultrasonography or angiography.

Interrupted Aortic Arch Complicated with Type A Aortic Dissection in a Young Adult.

Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a congenital anomaly characterized by a discontinuity between the ascending and descending aorta. We present a 27-year-old male patient who had presented with Stanford Type A aortic dissection and was subsequently found to have IAA on computed tomography aortogram. The patient subsequently underwent emergency surgery for the repair of aortic dissection.

Machine Learning Predicts Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulant.

Predicting major bleeding in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is crucial for personalized care. Alternatives like left atrial appendage closure devices lower stroke risk with fewer nonprocedural bleeds. This study compares machine learning (ML) models with conventional bleeding risk scores (HAS-BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA) for predicting bleeding events requiring hospitalization in AF patients on DOACs at their index cardiologist visit.

Racial Variability in Platelet Response Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.

Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is prevalent among the elderly population, with Black Americans facing a higher incidence and complications than White Americans. Antiplatelet therapy is crucial for PAD. This observational study aims to discern racial variability in platelet function using viscoelastic assays in patients' postrevascularization for PAD.

Association of age on thromboelastography coagulation profiles among elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether age affects thromboelastography (TEG) coagulation profiles among elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease. We hypothesized that TEG parameters would not significantly differ between age groups when controlled for anticoagulation regimen.

Methods: This was a prospective, single-institution, observational study that included patients aged 65 years and older who underwent open or endovascular lower extremity revascularization for peripheral arterial disease from December 2020 through December 2023.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Venous Thromboembolism in Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are anti-diabetes agents recently approved for weight loss. Obesity is an established risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Moreover, preclinical studies have shown that GLP1-RA may attenuate thromboxaneinduced platelet activation.

Evaluation of sex-based differences in below-the-knee plaque histology in patients who underwent amputation for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Objective: With the growing incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the historic under-representation of female patients in cardiovascular trials, a comprehensive evaluation of sex-based variances in PAD presentation and treatment outcomes is needed. This study aims to evaluate sex-based differences in the vessel wall characteristics of patients who underwent amputation owing to critical limb-threatening ischemia to optimize personalized treatment planning and aid in the selection of endovascular devices for PAD patients.

Methods: A total of 35 lower limbs were collected from 34 patients with end-stage PAD undergoing major amputation.

Variability in Coagulation Profiles in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been associated with a prothrombotic state. CKD affects hemostasis through altered platelet function and coagulation factors. Traditional tests provide limited insight into these changes.

Association of Chronic Limb Ischemia Rutherford Classification with Clinical Outcomes Following Lower Extremity Revascularization.

Background: The Rutherford Classification for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is used to categorize peripheral artery disease severity through history and physical examination. This study investigated whether higher Rutherford Classification correlates with worse clinical outcomes and could serve as a predictive tool.

Methods: In this prospective single-center study, 252 patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization were followed for 3 years (2020-2023).

The Challenge of Diagnosing Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: A Case Report.

Background/aim: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive hematologic cancer which is difficult to diagnose and has a lot of overlapping features with other diseases, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). BPDCN shares several immunophenotypic markers with AML, such as CD4, CD56, CD123, and HLA-DR, stating the importance of having extending panel of specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers.

Case Report: This report details a case of CLL who presented with worsening symptoms of recurrent infections and leukocytosis.

TEG-Guided Anticoagulation Assessment in Deep Vein Arterialization: A Prospective Analysis.

Background: Deep vein arterialization (DVA) is an innovative surgical technique aimed at enhancing blood flow in compromised limbs facing amputation. Maintenance of flow postrevascularization is crucial to limb salvage. As this is a new technique, no standardized thromboprophylaxis regime is currently established, and postprocedure thromboprophylaxis is at the discretion of the proceduralist.

studies of triazole derivatives as inhibitors for estrogen receptor (ER) mutant L536S and anaplastic lymphoma kinase: DFT/tD-DFT, molecular docking, and MD simulations.

From the most prevalent cancers, breast and lung cancers have a meager survival rate for both men and women. These two cancers are related to each other. Breast cancer can possibly spread to the lungs or the region between the lung and the chest wall.

Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis.

Purpose Of Review: Ongoing research contributes to our understanding of the epidemiology of vasculitis and its outcomes across the globe. This review aims to summarize important research studies published on this topic in the last 18 months.

Recent Findings: The implementation of rapid referral systems and use of large vessel imaging have improved the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Structural neural plasticity evoked by rapid-acting antidepressant interventions.

A feature in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), a mood disorder, is the impairment of excitatory synapses in the prefrontal cortex. Intriguingly, different types of treatment with fairly rapid antidepressant effects (within days or a few weeks), such as ketamine, electroconvulsive therapy and non-invasive neurostimulation, seem to converge on enhancement of neural plasticity. However, the forms and mechanisms of plasticity that link antidepressant interventions to the restoration of excitatory synaptic function are still unknown.

A feasibility study of magnetic resonance pelvimetry in women of short stature to identify the risk of cephalo-pelvic disproportion.

Objective: To conduct a feasibility study to assess if MR Pelvimetry can be undertaken in short stature primigravidae, with a view to a main study to answer the question 'can MR pelvimetry be used to predict cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD) in women of short stature?'.

Study Design: This was a prospective single arm feasibility study. In the first phase, patient and public involvement was undertaken to assess acceptability of the study.