Length of hospital and intensive care unit stay in patients with invasive candidiasis and/or candidemia treated with rezafungin: a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

Background: Invasive candidiasis/candidemia (IC/C) is associated with a substantial health economic burden driven primarily by prolonged hospital stay. The once-weekly IV echinocandin, rezafungin acetate, has demonstrated non-inferiority to caspofungin in the treatment of IC/C. This paper reports a post hoc pooled exploratory analysis of length of stay (LoS) for hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays in two previously published clinical trials (ReSTORE [NCT03667690] and STRIVE [NCT02734862], that compared rezafungin with daily IV caspofungin (stable patients in the caspofungin group who met relevant criteria could step down to fluconazole after 3 days or more).

Intraoperative dexamethasone is associated with a lower risk of respiratory failure in thoracic surgery: Observational cohort study (SURTHODEX).

Background: Postoperative complications, particularly respiratory complications, are of significant clinical concern in patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery. Dexamethasone (DXM), commonly administered to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), has potential anti-inflammatory effects that might be beneficial in reducing these complications. We aimed to investigate whether intraoperative DXM administration could mitigate the occurrence of respiratory complications following elective thoracic surgery.

Evaluation of the early use of norepinephrine in major abdominal surgery on medical and surgical postoperative complications: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (EPON STUDY).

Background: Post-induction anaesthesia often promotes intraoperative hypotension (IOH) that can worsen postoperative outcomes. This study aims to assess the benefit of norepinephrine versus ephedrine at the induction of anaesthesia to prevent postoperative complications following major abdominal surgery by preventing IOH.

Methods And Analysis: The EPON STUDY is a prospective single-centre randomised controlled trial with the planned inclusion of 500 patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery at the Amiens University Hospital.

High-power 2.3 µm Tm:YLF laser with intracavity upconversion pumping by a Nd:ASL laser at 1051 nm.

A Tm:LiYF laser operating on the H→ H transition is embedded in a high-power diode-pumped Nd:ASL laser for intracavity upconversion pumping at 1.05 µm. This leads to a record-high output power at 2.

S erratus anterior plane block alone, paravertebral block alone and their combination in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: the THORACOSOPIC double-blind, randomized trial.

Objectives: Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and paravertebral block (PVB) are well known to reduce pain levels after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, the relative efficacies of each block and a combination of the 2 have not been fully characterized. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of PVB alone, SAPB alone and the combination of PVB and SAPB with regard to the occurrence and intensity of pain after VATS.

Telemedicine Trends and Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic-World Trade Center Health Program, 2020-2021.

The World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program, a limited federal health care program for eligible people exposed to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, expanded telemedicine services during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). We analyzed service use trends from January 2020 through December 2021 to describe how the program implemented telemedicine services. About three-quarters (75%) of telemedicine visits were for mental health-related services.

Occurrences of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome in ICU staff workers after two-year of the COVID-19 pandemic: the international PSY-CO in ICU study.

Purpose: The present study aimed at assessing the prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (main objective), anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome (BOS) and their associated factors in intensive care unit (ICU) staff workers in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: An international cross-sectional multicenter ICU-based online survey was carried out among the ICU staff workers in 20 ICUs across 3 continents. ICUs staff workers (both caregivers and non-caregivers) were invited to complete PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires for assessing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and the different components of BOS, respectively.

Opioid prescriptions among the World Trade Center Health Program population.

Background: The World Trade Center Health Program (Program) provides limited health care to those directly affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Because of physical/mental trauma arising from the 9/11 attacks, Program members might be at high risk of opioid use. To prevent prescription opioid overuse, in 2018 the Program implemented various measures to improve opioid prescribing and expand access to non-opioid pain management among Program members.

The Importance of a Healthy Microbiome in Pregnancy and Infancy and Microbiota Treatment to Reverse Dysbiosis for Improved Health.

Background: The microbiome of newborn infants during the first 1000 days, influenced early on by their mothers' microbiome health, mode of delivery and breast feeding, orchestrates the education and programming of the infant's immune system and determines in large part the general health of the infant for years.

Methods: PubMed was reviewed for maternal infant microbiome health and microbiota therapy in this setting with prebiotics, probiotics, vaginal seeding and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

Results: A healthy nonobese mother, vaginal delivery and strict breast feeding contribute to microbiome health in a newborn and young infant.

Determinants of postoperative complications in high-risk noncardiac surgery patients optimized with hemodynamic treatment strategies: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized multicenter clinical trial.

Study Objective: This post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial was undertaken to establish the determinants of postoperative complications and acute kidney injury in high-risk noncardiac surgery patients supported with hemodynamic treatment strategies.

Design: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of patients enrolled in the OPtimization Hemodynamic Individualized by the respiratory QUotiEnt (OPHIQUE) trial.

Setting: Operating rooms in four university medical centers and one non-university hospital from December 26, 2018, to September 9, 2021.

The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin-α: a narrative review.

Rifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent safety profile.

Long-term survival comparison between the first and second waves among 265 critical COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: A retrospective cohort study.

Backgroud: Management of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU considerably evolved during the first months of the pandemic. It is unclear, however, whether these changes improved long-term survival of these critically ill patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in adults with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a French ICU between February 2020 and January 2021, a timeframe that covered the first two waves of the pandemic.

Cascade laser optimization for H → H and F → H sequent transitions in Tm-doped materials.

We study a cascade laser scheme involving the H → H and F → H consecutive transitions in Tm-doped materials as a promising technique to favor laser emission at 2.3 µm. We examine the conditions in terms of the Tm doping levels for which the cascade laser is beneficial or not.

Prognostic value of right ventricular dilatation on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram for predicting adverse clinical events in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Background: Right ventricle dilatation (RVD) is a common complication of non-intubated COVID-19 pneumonia caused by pro-thrombotic pneumonitis, intra-pulmonary shunting, and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. In several pulmonary diseases, RVD is routinely measured on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) by the right ventricle-to-left ventricle (LV) diameter ratio > 1 for predicting adverse events.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between RVD and the occurrence of adverse events in a cohort of critically ill non-intubated COVID-19 patients.

Carbapenem-Resistant spp Infection in Critically Ill Patients With Limited Treatment Options: A Descriptive Study of Cefiderocol Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant infections are difficult to treat and are a significant public health threat due to intrinsic/acquired resistance and limited treatment options.

Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study in patients receiving cefiderocol via Shionogi's early access program for spp infections (1 April 2020-30 April 2021; 27 sites; Italy, Spain, Germany, France). Primary outcome was clinical success, defined as clinical resolution of infection at day 14 or day 28 survival.

Tm:CALGO lasers at 2.32 µm: cascade lasing and upconversion pumping.

We report on the first laser operation of a disordered Tm:CaGdAlO crystal on the H → H transition. Under direct pumping at 0.79 µm, it generates 264 mW at 2.

Microbiome alteration via fecal microbiota transplantation is effective for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target advanced malignancies with high efficacy but also predispose patients to immune-related adverse events like immune-mediated colitis (IMC). Given the association between gut bacteria with response to ICI therapy and subsequent IMC, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a feasible way to manipulate microbial composition in patients, with a potential benefit for IMC. Here, we present a large case series of 12 patients with refractory IMC who underwent FMT from healthy donors as salvage therapy.