Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Cu/TEMPO/O2 Aerobic Catalytic System.

An N,N,N-type Cu(Ⅱ) complex-catalyzed desaturation method for converting alcohols, ketones, lactones, and lactams to their α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is reported. The dehydrogenation reaction can be conducted with a green terminal oxidant O2 without requiring strong acid/base or stoichiometric oxidants. The Cu(Ⅱ) complex/TEMPO/O2 system uses a non-noble catalyst, and a green terminal oxidant as well as demonstrates high activity and functional group tolerance.

The sequence-structure-function relationship of intrinsic ERα disorder.

The oestrogen receptor (ER or ERα), a nuclear hormone receptor that drives most breast cancer, is commonly activated by phosphorylation at serine 118 within its intrinsically disordered N-terminal transactivation domain. Although this modification enables oestrogen-independent ER function, its mechanism has remained unclear despite ongoing clinical trials of kinase inhibitors targeting this region. By integration of small-angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with functional studies, we show that serine 118 phosphorylation triggers an unexpected expansion of the disordered domain and disrupts specific hydrophobic clustering between two aromatic-rich regions.

Structural analysis of a membrane-associated delta-6 fatty acid desaturase from Prorocentrum micans.

Delta-6 fatty acid desaturases, which play key roles in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are membrane-associated enzymes that present significant challenges for isolation and purification, complicating their structural characterization. Here we report the identification and structure-function analysis of a novel Δ6 fatty acid desaturase (PmD6) from the marine alga Prorocentrum micans with substrate preference to α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3). Structural modeling revealed a mushroom-like structure of PmD6 formed by four transmembrane α-helices as a stem and three cytoplasmic domains as a cap.

Phylogeography and Evolutionary Dynamics of Tobacco Curly Shoot Virus.

Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV), a begomovirus, causes significant economic losses in tobacco and tomato crops across East, Southeast, and South Asia. Despite its agricultural importance, the evolutionary dynamics and emergence process of TbCSV remain poorly understood. This study analyzed the phylodynamics of TbCSV by examining its nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene collected between 2000 and 2022.

Radiation-Induced Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Combined with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: An Effective and Safe Therapeutic Approach for Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR19Del.

Combining radiotherapy with targeted therapy benefits patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (EGFRm NSCLC). However, the optimal strategy to combine EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with radiotherapy for maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity is still uncertain. Notably, EVs, which serve as communication mediators among tumor cells, play a crucial role in the anti-tumor immune response.

Effects of Different Microplastics on Wheat's ( L.) Growth Characteristics and Rhizosphere Soil Environment.

In order to reveal the effects of microplastics (MPs) on the growth and rhizosphere soil environmental effects of wheat ( L.), three microplastic types (polypropylene MPs (PP-MPs), high-density polyethylene MPs (HDPE-MPs), and polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs)), particle sizes (150, 1000, and 4000 μm), and concentrations (0.1, 0.

Global Trends and Hotspots in Non-Targeted Screening of Water Pollution Research: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis.

Non-targeted screening (NTS) technology has been showing significant potential in identifying contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water and has attracted great attention in academia in recent years. It is a method that analyzes samples without pre-selecting substances, enabling the detection and identification of unknown compounds, which is crucial for environmental health and public protection. This study uses the Bibliometrix package in R 4.

Lactate shuttling links histone lactylation to adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.

Lactate has emerged as a central metabolic fuel and an important signaling molecule. Its availability participates in various brain functions. Although lactate homeostasis is vital for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition, it is still unknown how shuttles lactate across the plasma membrane of neural stem cells (NSCs) to control their activity and neurogenic potential.

Association Between Coffee Intake and Common Mental Disorders: Insights From Genetic Analysis.

The study found a significant causal relationship between coffee intake and obsessive-compulsive disorder, showing a negative correlation. There was no causal relationship between coffee intake and other mental disorders. The sensitivity analysis test found no pleiotropy affecting the results, and no single nucleotide polymorphism had a major impact on the robustness of the results, indicating that the results are stable and reliable.

Designing a 2D van der Waals oxide with lone-pair electrons as chemical scissor.

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials are known for their intriguing physical properties, but their rational design and synthesis remain a great challenge for chemists. In this work, we successfully synthesized a new non-centrosymmetric oxide, i.e.

Safety evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate: a pharmacovigilance analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system data.

Background: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic progestogen, is extensively used for the treatment of various conditions, including contraception, irregular menstruation, functional uterine bleeding, and endometriosis. However, like all pharmaceutical agents, MPA is associated with adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with MPA in by analyzing real-world data from the U.

Case report: Bone marrow metastasis and bone marrow necrosis occurring 11 years after ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Ductal carcinoma (DCIS), a noninvasive breast cancer, rarely metastasises to distant locations. When the initial lesion is stable, bone marrow metastasis (BMM) and bone marrow necrosis (BMN) are even less common. Here, we report the case of a 47-year-old female patient who underwent localized surgery and radiotherapy for right-sided DCIS.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Developmental Landscape of Wheat Roots.

Allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major crops worldwide, however there is very limited research on the transcriptional programmes of underlying cell type specification. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to unravel the transcriptome heterogeneity of cells and the composition of cell types in broad-spectrum organisms.

High Molecular-Weight Organics as Precursors for Toxic Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts during Chloramination.

Iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs), many more toxic than regulated chlorinated and/or brominated DBPs, are a major challenge in the supply of safe drinking water. While over 800 DBPs have been identified, the occurrence and precursors of toxic I-DBPs remain poorly understood. Herein, natural organic matter from two raw drinking waters was fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes into different groups based on molecular weight (MW).

Whole-genome sequencing identifies novel loci for keratoconus and facilitates risk stratification in a Han Chinese population.

Background: Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent corneal condition with a modest genetic basis. Recent studies have reported significant genetic associations in multi-ethnic cohorts. However, the situation in the Chinese population remains unknown.

Nitro-oleic acid alleviates inflammation and fibrosis by regulating macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation to improve cardiac function in MI mice.

Chronic heart failure, caused by myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), remains a serious clinical problem that needs urgent resolution. Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO), an electrophilic nitro-fatty acid found in human plasma, is believed to regulate various pathophysiological functions, particularly anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis. However, the role of OA-NO in AMI remains unexplored.

Production of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Through High-Cell-Density Transfection of HEK293 Cells Based on Fed-Perfusion Culture.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-associated gene therapy has been increasingly promising, in light of the drugs progressed to clinical trials or approved for medications internationally. Therefore, scalable and efficient production of recombinant AAV is pivotal for advancing gene therapy. Traditional methods, such as the triple-plasmid transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 cells in suspension culture, have been widely employed but often hampered by low unit yield.

Case report: Durable response from tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) combined with fruquintinib and sintilimab as a third-line treatment for MSS metastatic colorectal cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation.

Patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who fail first- and second-line treatments face significant challenges in third-line therapy, where monotherapies often yield poor outcomes and limited survival benefits. The prognosis is particularly poor for mCRC with the unique molecular subtype of BRAF V600E mutation. This report describes sustained benefits from a third-line treatment regimen (SFS) combining tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1), fruquintinib, and sintilimab in a patient with BRAF V600E-mutated MSS mCRC.

CALB1 and RPL23 Are Essential for Maintaining Oocyte Quality and Function During Aging.

With advancing age, significant changes occur in the female reproductive system, the most notable of which is the decline in oocyte quality, a key factor affecting female fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying oocyte aging remain poorly understood. In this study, we obtained oocytes from aged and young female mice and performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing, comparing our findings with existing proteomic analyses.

CHST3, PGBD5, and SLIT2 can be identified as potential genes for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common diseases in the older. This study aims to use transcriptomics and explore common diagnostic genes of osteoporosis and sarcopenia and predict potentially effective treatment drugs. Three datasets for osteoporosis and sarcopenia were downloaded from the GEO database, and transcriptome sequencing was performed on clinical samples.

Study on the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem service value based on land use change in Xi'an City.

Ecosystem service value (ESV) is essential for understanding regional ecological benefits and resources. This study utilizes the fourth phase of land use data from the Resource and Environment Science Data Centre of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We corrected the ESV coefficient using the equivalent factor method for value per unit area and integrated the biomass factor of farmland ecosystems in Shaanxi Province.

Structural insights into the mechanism of phosphate recognition and transport by XPR1.

XPR1 is the sole protein known to transport inorganic phosphate (Pi) out of cells, a function conserved across species from yeast to mammals. Human XPR1 variants lead to cerebral calcium-phosphate deposition and primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of human XPR1 in both its Pi-unbound and various Pi-bound states.

Neuronal guidance factor Sema3A inhibits neurite ingrowth and prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy in the degeneration of knee cartilage in mice, monkeys and humans.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease accompanied with the loss of cartilage and consequent nociceptive symptoms. Normal articular cartilage maintains at aneural state. Neuron guidance factor Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a membrane-associated secreted protein with chemorepulsive properties for axons.

The Relationship Between A High-Fat Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Systemic Chronic Inflammation: Insights from Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis.

Background: The detrimental effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) extend beyond metabolic consequences and include systemic chronic inflammation (SCI), immune dysregulation, and gut health disruption.

Objectives: In this study, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the relationship between HFD and gut microbiota, and SCI.

Methods: Genetic variants associated with dietary fat were utilized to explore causal relationships.