Establishment and application of a rapid visual detection method for Clostridium perfringens in chicken products based on helical loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HAMP).

Clostridium perfringens is a significant foodborne pathogen in chicken products. Rapid on-site detection of C. perfringens is crucial for mitigating the incidence of foodborne illnesses by enabling the prompt identification and recall of contaminated food products.

Influences of miR-378a-3p on the Pathogenesis of Allergic Rhinitis via GzmB-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction.

Methods: Totally, 24 BALB/c mice were assigned to the AR group, control group, GzmB group, and blank group (each  = 6). The blank group was normally fed without treatment, and the other three groups were treated by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce AR models, in which the GzmB group was intranasally injected with lentiviral vector suppressing GzmB expression during the second immunization, while the control group was given the GzmB-blank vector. The times of AR pathological behaviours such as sneezing and scratching the nose of mice were observed and counted.

Immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and increased risk of B cell malignancy in humans with mutations.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a central regulator of immunity. TRAF3 is often somatically mutated in B cell malignancies, but its role in human immunity is not defined. Here, in five unrelated families, we describe an immune dysregulation syndrome of recurrent bacterial infections, autoimmunity, systemic inflammation, B cell lymphoproliferation, and hypergammaglobulinemia.

The histopathological spectrum of myocardial inflammation in relation to circumstance of death: a retrospective cohort study in clinical and forensic autopsies.

Interpreting a myocardial inflammation as causal, contributory or as of no significance at all in the cause of death can be challenging, especially in cases where other pathologic and/or medico-legal findings are also present. To further evaluate the significance of myocardial inflammation as a cause of death we performed a retrospective cohort study of forensic and clinical autopsy cases. We revised the spectrum of histological inflammatory parameters in the myocardium of 79 adult autopsy cases and related these to the reported cause of death.

Short-Term Clinical Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Siewert Type II and III Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction: A Retrospective, Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Background: Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of locally advanced Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG). However, whether LG can achieve the same short-term efficacy in the treatment of patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of NACT combined with LG for Siewert type II and III AEG.

Tissues attached to retrieved leadless pacemakers: Histopathological evaluation of tissue composition in relation to implantation time and complications.

Background: Leadless pacemakers (LPs) have proven safe and effective, but device revisions remain necessary. Either replacing the LP or implanting a new adjacent LP is feasible. Replacement seems more appealing, but encapsulation and tissue adhesions may hamper the safety and efficacy of LP retrieval.

Proven Fatal Invasive Aspergillosis in a Patient with COVID-19 and Pneumonia.

There is increasing attention for opportunistic pathogens such as complicating SARS-CoV-2 infections in the critically ill. For invasive fungal disease, establishing a clear diagnosis can be challenging due to the invasiveness of diagnostic procedures required for a proven case. Here we present one of the first proven cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis by positive culture of post-mortem lung biopsy.

Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for serosa-invasive gastric cancer: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: Whether laparoscopic gastrectomy is suitable for patients with serosa-invasive gastric cancer remains controversial. We performed this study to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic gastrectomy compared with after open gastrectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 906 consecutive patients with serosa-invasive gastric cancer from January 2004 to December 2014 in our center, who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy or open gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy.

Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the developing infant nasal microbiome.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of healthcare- and community-associated infections and can be difficult to treat due to antimicrobial resistance. About 30% of individuals carry S. aureus asymptomatically in their nares, a risk factor for later infection, and interactions with other species in the nasal microbiome likely modulate its carriage.

Identification and Characterization of Neuropeptides and Their G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in the Cowpea Aphid .

Neuropeptides are the most abundant and diverse signal molecules in insects. They act as neurohormones and neuromodulators to regulate the physiology and behavior of insects. The majority of neuropeptides initiate downstream signaling pathways through binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface.

Viral presence and immunopathology in patients with lethal COVID-19: a prospective autopsy cohort study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) targets multiple organs and causes severe coagulopathy. Histopathological organ changes might not only be attributable to a direct virus-induced effect, but also the immune response. The aims of this study were to assess the duration of viral presence, identify the extent of inflammatory response, and investigate the underlying cause of coagulopathy.

Unravelling the effect of two herbicide resistance mutations on acetolactate synthase kinetics and growth traits.

Gene mutations conferring herbicide resistance are hypothesized to have negative pleiotropic effects on plant growth and fitness, which may in turn determine the evolutionary dynamics of herbicide resistance alleles. We used the widespread, annual, diploid grass weed Alopecurus aequalis as a model species to investigate the effect of two resistance mutations-the rare Pro-197-Tyr mutation and the most common mutation, Trp-574-Leu-on acetolactate synthase (ALS) functionality and plant growth. We characterized the enzyme kinetics of ALS from two purified A.

Association Between Sulfur-Metabolizing Bacterial Communities in Stool and Risk of Distal Colorectal Cancer in Men.

Background & Aims: Sulfur-metabolizing microbes, which convert dietary sources of sulfur into genotoxic hydrogen sulfide (HS), have been associated with development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We identified a dietary pattern associated with sulfur-metabolizing bacteria in stool and then investigated its association with risk of incident CRC using data from a large prospective study of men.

Methods: We collected data from 51,529 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study since 1986 to determine the association between sulfur-metabolizing bacteria in stool and risk of CRC over 26 years of follow-up.

Fitness costs associated with acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase mutations endowing herbicide resistance in American sloughgrass ( Steud.).

Weed resistance to herbicide can be conferred by gene mutations, and some mutations can cause pleiotropic effects in some cases. We investigated the pleiotropic effects associated with five specific ACCase mutations (Ile1781Leu, Trp2027Cys, Ile2041Asn, Asp2078Gly, and Gly2096Ala) on the plant growth, seed production, and resource competitiveness in American sloughgrass.Resistant plants (M/M) homozygous for specific ACCase mutation and susceptible wild-type plants (W/W) were derived from single heterozygous mother plant (M/W) by genotyping.

Extensive Unexplored Human Microbiome Diversity Revealed by Over 150,000 Genomes from Metagenomes Spanning Age, Geography, and Lifestyle.

The body-wide human microbiome plays a role in health, but its full diversity remains uncharacterized, particularly outside of the gut and in international populations. We leveraged 9,428 metagenomes to reconstruct 154,723 microbial genomes (45% of high quality) spanning body sites, ages, countries, and lifestyles. We recapitulated 4,930 species-level genome bins (SGBs), 77% without genomes in public repositories (unknown SGBs [uSGBs]).

Two Odorant-Binding Proteins of the Dark Black Chafer () Display Preferential Binding to Biologically Active Host Plant Volatiles.

The dark black chafer (DBC), , is an important pest of multiple crops. Insect host-searching behaviors are regulated by host plant volatiles. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism linking the chemosensory system to plant volatiles at the molecular level will benefit DBC control strategies.

Metatranscriptome of human faecal microbial communities in a cohort of adult men.

The gut microbiome is intimately related to human health, but it is not yet known which functional activities are driven by specific microorganisms' ecological configurations or transcription. We report a large-scale investigation of 372 human faecal metatranscriptomes and 929 metagenomes from a subset of 308 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. We identified a metatranscriptomic 'core' universally transcribed over time and across participants, often by different microorganisms.

Stability of the human faecal microbiome in a cohort of adult men.

Characterizing the stability of the gut microbiome is important to exploit it as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker. We metagenomically and metatranscriptomically sequenced the faecal microbiomes of 308 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Participants provided four stool samples-one pair collected 24-72 h apart and a second pair ~6 months later.

A study of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis).

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with many human diseases, including a variety of deadly human malignant tumours. However, due to the lack of ideal animal models,the biological characteristics of EBV, particularly its function in tumourigenesis, have not been determined. Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which are similar to primates, have been used to establish a variety of animal models and have recently received much attention.

The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, Pilot Study.

Objective: To elucidate potential biomarkers or mechanistic principles involved with the gut microbiota and its impact on prostate cancer pathogenesis.

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective case-control pilot study evaluating the gut microbiome of 20 men with either benign prostatic conditions (n = 8) or intermediate or high risk clinically localized prostate cancer (Gleason ≥4 + 3 cN0M0) (n = 12) undergoing care at tertiary referral center from September 1, 2015 to March 1, 2016. Key exclusion criteria included recent antibiotic use, significant gastrointestinal disorders, hormonal or systemic therapy for prostate cancer.

Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice.

Fluoridation of drinking water and dental products prevents dental caries primarily by inhibiting energy harvest in oral cariogenic bacteria (such as and ), thus leading to their depletion. However, the extent to which oral and gut microbial communities are affected by host fluoride exposure has been underexplored. In this study, we modeled human fluoride exposures to municipal water and dental products by treating mice with low or high levels of fluoride over a 12-week period.

Urban Transit System Microbial Communities Differ by Surface Type and Interaction with Humans and the Environment.

Public transit systems are ideal for studying the urban microbiome and interindividual community transfer. In this study, we used 16S amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile microbial communities on multiple transit surfaces across train lines and stations in the Boston metropolitan transit system. The greatest determinant of microbial community structure was the transit surface type.

The diagnostic value of measurement of cochlear length and height in temporal bone CT multiplanar reconstruction of inner ear malformation.

Conclusion: The cochlear length (CL) and cochlear height (CH) measured through MPR will provide for more accurate quantitative diagnosis of inner ear malformation, and are subsequently convenient for calculating cochlear duct length (CDL) before cochear implant.

Objectives: Qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of inner ear malformation in deaf patients through multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was performed to provide a reference for cochlear implants.

Methods: One hundred and two cases without sensorineural deafness and 560 patients with sensorineural deafness had MPR of temporal bone computed tomography performed to obtain the standardized cochlear-view and oblique coronal-view images.

Facing the decision about the treatment of hip or knee osteoarthritis: What are patients' needs?

Purpose: There is an increasing interest in modern orthopaedic practice to empower patients to participate in shared decision-making. Decision aids are thought to be helpful in this process. Before creating decision aids for patients with osteoarthritis in the knee or hip, the goal was to identify the needs of patients and physicians when deciding about the treatment.