Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity.

Macrophages that acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype play a crucial role in establishing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which is essential for facilitating breast cancer metastasis to distant organs. Our study showed that increased activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in lung macrophages plays a crucial role in establishing the immunosuppressive PMN in breast cancer. Specifically, AHR activation led to high expression of PD-L1 on macrophages by directly binding to the promoter of Pdl1.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: An analysis of the expression status of stress granules and their prognostic value.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global popular malignant tumor, which is difficult to cure, and the current treatment is limited.

Aim: To analyze the impacts of stress granule (SG) genes on overall survival (OS), survival time, and prognosis in HCC.

Methods: The combined The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC), GSE25097, and GSE36376 datasets were utilized to obtain genetic and clinical information.

Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Body Mass Index, and the Risk of Acute Pancreatitis.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to check the connection between parameters of lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in relation to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis within a sample of adults from northern China.

Methodology: A total of 123,214 participants from the Kailuan Group were incorporated into this prospective study. The subjects were categorized into quartiles on the basis of their initial levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

Metabolic inflexibility promotes mitochondrial health during liver regeneration.

Mitochondria are critical for proper organ function and mechanisms to promote mitochondrial health during regeneration would benefit tissue homeostasis. We report that during liver regeneration, proliferation is suppressed in electron transport chain (ETC)-dysfunctional hepatocytes due to an inability to generate acetyl-CoA from peripheral fatty acids through mitochondrial β-oxidation. Alternative modes for acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate or acetate are suppressed in the setting of ETC dysfunction.

Influence of Hole Transport Layers on Buried Interface in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Phase Segregation.

Light-induced phase segregation, particularly when incorporating bromine to widen the bandgap, presents significant challenges to the stability and commercialization of perovskite solar cells. This study explores the influence of hole transport layers, specifically poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), on the dynamics of phase segregation. Through detailed characterization of the buried interface, we demonstrate that Me-4PACz enhances perovskite photostability, surpassing the performance of PTAA.

Identifying Regenerated Saplings by Stratifying Forest Overstory Using Airborne LiDAR Data.

Identifying the spatiotemporal distributions and phenotypic characteristics of understory saplings is beneficial in exploring the internal mechanisms of plant regeneration and providing technical assistances for continues cover forest management. However, it is challenging to detect the understory saplings using 2-dimensional (2D) spectral information produced by conventional optical remotely sensed data. This study proposed an automatic method to detect the regenerated understory saplings based on the 3D structural information from aerial laser scanning (ALS) data.

Oleic acid availability impacts thymocyte preprogramming and subsequent peripheral T cell differentiation.

The nature of activation signals is essential in determining T cell subset differentiation; however, the features that determine T cell subset preference acquired during intrathymic development remain elusive. Here we show that naive CD4 T cells generated in the mouse thymic microenvironment lacking Scd1, encoding the enzyme catalyzing oleic acid (OA) production, exhibit enhanced regulatory T (T) cell differentiation and attenuated development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Scd1 deletion in K14 thymic epithelia recapitulated the enhanced T cell differentiation phenotype of Scd1-deficient mice.

Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), Lipid Accumulation Products (LAP), Waist Triglyceride Index (WTI) and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a prospective study in adults of North China.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between anthropometric indexes [cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation products (LAP), waist triglyceride index (WTI), and body mass index (BMI)] and acute pancreatitis (AP) in a Chinese adult population.

Methodology: The present investigation consisted of a prospective group including 117,326 subjects who were enrolled in the Kailuan investigation. The individuals were categorized into quartiles based on their baseline levels of CMI, LAP, and WIT.

Osteolectin increases bone elongation and body length by promoting growth plate chondrocyte proliferation.

Osteolectin is a recently identified osteogenic growth factor that binds to Integrin α11 (encoded by ), promoting Wnt pathway activation and osteogenic differentiation by bone marrow stromal cells. While and are not required for the formation of the skeleton during fetal development, they are required for the maintenance of adult bone mass. Genome-wide association studies in humans reported a single-nucleotide variant (rs182722517) 16 kb downstream of associated with reduced height and plasma Osteolectin levels.

Endothelial and Leptin Receptor cells promote the maintenance of stem cells and hematopoiesis in early postnatal murine bone marrow.

Mammalian hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) colonize the bone marrow during late fetal development, and this becomes the major site of hematopoiesis after birth. However, little is known about the early postnatal bone marrow niche. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse bone marrow stromal cells at 4 days, 14 days, and 8 weeks after birth.

Method for Tunnel Displacements Calculation Based on Mobile Tunnel Monitoring System.

Efficient, high-precision, and automatic measurement of tunnel structural changes is the key to ensuring the safe operation of subways. Conventional manual, static, and discrete measurements cannot meet the requirements of rapid and full-section detection in subway construction and operation. Mobile laser scanning technology is the primary method for tunnel detection.

Steroids Enable Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Promote CD8 T Cell Proliferation Via VEGF-C.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) function as a formidable regulator of inflammation and tissue homeostasis and expanded MSCs are shown to be effective in treating various inflammatory diseases. Their therapeutic effects require the existence of certain inflammatory cytokines. However, in the absence of sufficient proinflammatory stimuli or in the presence of anti-inflammatory medications, MSCs are animated to promote immune responses and unable to alleviate inflammatory disorders.

The effect of parathyroid hormone on osteogenesis is mediated partly by osteolectin.

We previously described a new osteogenic growth factor, osteolectin/Clec11a, which is required for the maintenance of skeletal bone mass during adulthood. Osteolectin binds to Integrin α11 (Itga11), promoting Wnt pathway activation and osteogenic differentiation by leptin receptor (LepR) stromal cells in the bone marrow. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and sclerostin inhibitor (SOSTi) are bone anabolic agents that are administered to patients with osteoporosis.

A mechanosensitive peri-arteriolar niche for osteogenesis and lymphopoiesis.

Stromal cells in adult bone marrow that express leptin receptor (LEPR) are a critical source of growth factors, including stem cell factor (SCF), for the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells and early restricted progenitors. LEPR cells are heterogeneous, including skeletal stem cells and osteogenic and adipogenic progenitors, although few markers have been available to distinguish these subsets or to compare their functions. Here we show that expression of an osteogenic growth factor, osteolectin, distinguishes peri-arteriolar LEPR cells poised to undergo osteogenesis from peri-sinusoidal LEPR cells poised to undergo adipogenesis (but retaining osteogenic potential).

IGF2R-initiated proton rechanneling dictates an anti-inflammatory property in macrophages.

Metabolic traits of macrophages can be rewired by insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2); however, how IGF2 modulates macrophage cellular dynamics and functionality remains unclear. We demonstrate that IGF2 exhibits dual and opposing roles in controlling inflammatory phenotypes in macrophages by regulating glucose metabolism, relying on the dominant activation of the IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) by low-dose IGF2 (L-IGF2) and IGF1R by high-dose IGF2. IGF2R activation leads to proton rechanneling to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and enables sustained oxidative phosphorylation.

Cross-Section Deformation Analysis and Visualization of Shield Tunnel Based on Mobile Tunnel Monitoring System.

With the ongoing developments in laser scanning technology, applications for describing tunnel deformation using rich point cloud data have become a significant topic of investigation. This study describes the independently developed CNU-TS-2 mobile tunnel monitoring system for data acquisition, which has an electric system to control its forward speed and is compatible with various laser scanners such as the Faro and Leica models. A comparison with corresponding data acquired by total station data demonstrates that the data collected by CNU-TS-2 is accurate.

Scd1 controls de novo beige fat biogenesis through succinate-dependent regulation of mitochondrial complex II.

Preadipocytes can give rise to either white adipocytes or beige adipocytes. Owing to their distinct abilities in nutrient storage and energy expenditure, strategies that specifically promote "beiging" of adipocytes hold great promise for counterbalancing obesity and metabolic diseases. Yet, factors dictating the differentiation fate of adipocyte progenitors remain to be elucidated.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Eggplant Reveals Selection Trends during Eggplant Domestication.

Eggplant ( L.) is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop of the Solanaceae family, which was domesticated in India and southern China. However, the genome regions subjected to selective sweeps in eggplant remain unknown.

Single cell transcriptomic analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells reveals limited heterogeneity.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent cells with a superior ability to promote tissue repair by regulating regeneration and inflammation. Effective application of MSCs in disease treatment relies on the production of relatively homogeneous cell population. However, the cellular heterogeneity and the differentiation trajectories of in vitro expanded MSCs remain largely unclear.

Integrated Airborne LiDAR Data and Imagery for Suburban Land Cover Classification Using Machine Learning Methods.

It is valuable to study the land use/land cover (LULC) classification for suburbs. The fusion of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and aerial imagery is often regarded as an effective method for the LULC classification; however, more in-depth analysis would be required to explore effective information for enhancing the suburban LULC classification. In this study, first, both aerial imageries and point clouds were simultaneously collected.

IGF-2 Preprograms Maturing Macrophages to Acquire Oxidative Phosphorylation-Dependent Anti-inflammatory Properties.

Recent investigations revealed that macrophages could be trained with an altered responsiveness, raising the possibility of combating autoimmune diseases by imparting anti-inflammatory capabilities to these cells. While investigating the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we found a critical role of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) in training macrophages to become anti-inflammatory during their maturation. IGF-2 exerts its effects by preprogramming maturing macrophages to commit oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).

Study of the Integration of the CNU-TS-1 Mobile Tunnel Monitoring System.

A rapid, precise and automated means for the regular inspection and maintenance of a large number of tunnels is needed. Based on the depth study of the tunnel monitoring method, the CNU-TS-1 mobile tunnel monitoring system (TS1) is developed and presented. It can efficiently obtain the cross-sections that are orthogonal to the tunnel in a dynamic way, and the control measurements that depend on design data are eliminated.

The role of secreted factors in stem cells-mediated immune regulation.

Stem cells are characterized by self-renew and multipotent differentiation abilities. Besides their roles in cell compensation, stem cells are also rich sources of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, micro-RNAs and exosomes and serve as drug stores to maintain tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that the secretome of stem cells is regulated by the local inflammatory cues and highlighted the roles of these secretory factors in stem cell based therapies.