Genome-Wide Characterization of ABC Transporter Genes and Expression Profiles in Red Macroalga Pyropia yezoensis Expose to Low-Temperature.

Pyropia yezoensis is an important economic macroalga widely cultivated in the East Asia countries of China, Korea, and Japan. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene family is one of the largest transporter families in all forms of life involved in various biological processes. The characteristics of ABC transporter genes in P.

Quantification of Photosynthetic Pigments in Using Hyperspectral Imagery.

Phycobilisomes and chlorophyll-a () play important roles in the photosynthetic physiology of red macroalgae and serve as the primary light-harvesting antennae and reaction center for photosystem II. is an economically important red macroalga widely cultivated in East Asian countries. The contents and ratios of 3 main phycobiliproteins and are visible traits to evaluate its commercial quality.

Comparative Gene Expression and Physiological Analyses Reveal Molecular Mechanisms in Wound-Induced Spore Formation in the Edible Seaweed Nori.

Genetic reprogramming of differentiated cells is studied broadly in multicellular Viridiplantae as an adaptation to herbivory or damage; however, mechanisms underlying cell development and redifferentiation are largely unknown in red algae, their nearest multicellular relatives. Here we investgate cell reprogramming in the widely cultivated, edible seaweed ("nori"), where vegetative cells in wounded blades differentiate and release as large numbers of asexual spores. Based upon physiological changes and transcriptomic dynamics after wound stress in and its congener , another cultivar that does not differentiate spores after wounding, we propose a three-phase model of wound-induced spore development in .

Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities.

Heat shock protein 20 () genes play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. However, the gene family has not yet been systematically investigated, and its function in red algae (Rhodophyta) remains poorly understood. Herein, we characterized gene families in red algae by studying gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome location, gene duplication, regulatory elements, and expression profiles.

Discrepancy in photosynthetic responses of the red alga to dehydration stresses under exposure to desiccation, high salinity, and high mannitol concentration.

Macroalgae that inhabit intertidal zones are exposed to the air for several hours during low tide and must endure desiccation and high variations in temperature, light intensity, and salinity. (Rhodophyta, Bangiales), a typical intertidal red macroalga that is commercially cultivated in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, was investigated under different dehydration stresses of desiccation, high salinity, and high mannitol concentration. Using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, photosynthetic activities of .

Skin-whitening mechanism of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) extract.

Skin-whitening effect is closely linked with the melanogenesis inhibitory activity and free radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the skin-whitening effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) extract.

Diuron effects on photosynthesis and vertical migration of microphytobenthos: Potential rapid bioassessment of herbicide toxicity in coastal sediments.

The effects of herbicide diuron on photosynthesis and vertical migration of intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) assemblages were investigated using chlorophyll fluorometry. The results shown diuron ≤ 60 μg L had no obvious effect on MPB vertical migration during 24 h indicated by consistent rhythm. Low concentration of 10 μg L diuron had no significant influence on MPB photosynthesis throughout, however, high concentrations of 40, 50, and 60 μg L had significant impacts exhibited by decreased parameters of maximum relative electron transport rate (rETR), maximal PS II quantum yield (F/F) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ).

Two-Step Enzymatic Conversion of Rebaudioside A into a Mono-α-1,4-Glucosylated Rebaudioside A Derivative.

A new two-step enzymatic conversion process for the production of a novel mono-α-1,4-glucosylated rebaudioside A derivative (RA1G) was established via transglycosylation followed by hydrolyzation. In the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, rebaudioside A (RA) was converted into glucosylated RA derivatives (RAGs), and the maximum conversion of 87.8% was obtained with the optimal conditions of 2 U/mL enzyme, 82.

Biomass estimation of cultivated red algae Pyropia using unmanned aerial platform based multispectral imaging.

Background: Pyropia is an economically advantageous genus of red macroalgae, which has been cultivated in the coastal areas of East Asia for over 300 years. Realizing estimation of macroalgae biomass in a high-throughput way would great benefit their cultivation management and research on breeding and phenomics. However, the conventional method is labour-intensive, time-consuming, manually destructive, and prone to human error.

Transcriptomic Insights into Innate Immunity Responding to Red Rot Disease in Red Alga .

, one of the most economically important marine algae, suffers from the biotic stress of the oomycete necrotrophic pathogen . However, little is known about the molecular defensive mechanisms employed by during the infection process. In the present study, we defined three stages of red rot disease based on histopathological features and photosynthetic physiology.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), a major economically important marine crop, is also considered as an ideal research model of Rhodophyta to address several major biological questions such as sexual reproduction and adaptation to intertidal abiotic stresses. However, comparative genomic analysis to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms is hindered by the lack of high-quality genome information. Therefore, we integrated sequencing data from Illumina short-read sequencing, PacBio single-molecule sequencing and BioNano optical genome mapping.

[Production of Single Cell Protein from Chinese Medicinal Herb Residues by Solid-State Fermentation].

Objectives: To take full advantage of the Chinese medicinal herb residues, the conditions on fermentation of single cell protein feed were studied.

Methods: First,the type of Chinese medicinal herb residues and the microbial strain were screened. Then, the single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to investigate the amount of residue, water and urea.

[Effects of remote preconditioning induced by skeletal muscle ischemia on myocardial cells apoptosis and roles of opioid receptors in pigs].

Aim: To investigate the effect on myocardial apoptosis and Bcl-2/Bax induced by remote preconditioning (RP) and to discuss the hypothesis from opioid receptors in pigs.

Methods: Skeletal muscle ischemia was performed in pigs by occlusion of the femoral artery (FAO) for 15 min followed by a 10 min of reperfusion. Infarction of the heart was induced by 40 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion.