Diseases of domestic rabbits by purpose; a retrospective study of 2,583 cases received at 4 diagnostic laboratories in California, USA, 2013-2022.

Domestic rabbits () are commonly kept as pets or bred for laboratory investigation, meat, fur production, or a combination of these purposes. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the prevalence of diseases in domestic rabbits according to purpose. We retrieved results of autopsies, biopsies, and cytologies from 2,583 cases received at 4 diagnostic laboratories in California from 2013-2022.

AIR SAC TREMATODES (CYCLOCOELIDAE STOSSICH, 1902) INFECTING BIRDS IN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.

Air sac trematodes (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae) were detected in 23 avian species from eight aviaries in the United States. Most of the infected host species were passeriform birds, but a few species in other orders also were infected. Four species of adult flukes were encountered: , sp.

MAST CELL NEOPLASIA IN THE GREEN IGUANA, .

This case series is the first description of mast cell neoplasia in green iguanas, . All iguanas were adults. Six were females, and four were males.

Diagnosis of Seminoma With Metastasis to the Brain and Kidneys in a Moluccan Eclectus () Using Advanced Contrast Based Imaging.

A 20-year-old male Moluccan eclectus () was presented with a history of falling off the perch, ataxia, unilateral blindness, hyporexia, and progressive lethargy. The eclectus was found to have a leukocytosis (52 × 10 cells/µL), characterized by an absolute and relative heterophilia (42.6 × 10 cells/µL and 82%, respectively), relative lymphopenia (18%), elevated bile acids (88 µmol/L), and elevated triglycerides (236 mg/dL).

Morphological features of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons (), and a proposed grading system.

Hepatic lipidosis is commonly diagnosed in pet bearded dragons (). However, there are no studies detailing the histological features of hepatic lipid changes in this species. This study describes the microscopic features of lipid change and details an associated scoring system.

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons ().

Hepatic lipidosis is a common disease of captive bearded dragons (). Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this condition are challenging, as there is minimal information in the literature. Our study determined the prevalence and epidemiological risk factors associated with the grade and severity of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons submitted for necropsy in 2 North American institutions.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Neuropathology of feral conures with bromethalin toxicosis.

Bromethalin is a widely used neurotoxic rodenticide sometimes affecting nontarget wildlife. However, the effects of bromethalin on avian species are largely unknown. Here, we report the neuropathology of 14 feral conures ( sp.

Hepatic copper accumulates in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease.

Objective: To determine hepatic copper concentrations and zonal distribution in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease, validate rhodanine-based qualitative copper scoring and digital copper quantification in ferret hepatic samples, and ascertain whether clinical features predicted copper accumulation.

Animals: 34 ferrets, including 7 with necroinflammatory disease, 5 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 13 with non-necroinflammatory disease, and 9 with no hepatobiliary disease.

Procedures: Rhodanine-based digital copper quantification was validated by use of liver dually measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and digital scanning (R2 = 0.

Clinical, surgical, and pathological findings in client-owned rabbits with histologically confirmed appendicitis: 19 cases (2015-2019).

Objective: To report clinical, surgical, and pathological findings in client-owned rabbits with histologically confirmed appendicitis.

Animals: 19 rabbits.

Procedures: Medical records for client-owned rabbits that had a histologic diagnosis of appendicitis were reviewed.

Disseminated coelomic xanthogranulomatosis in eclectus parrots () and budgerigars ().

Xanthogranulomatosis is an inflammatory lesion characterized by lipid-containing macrophages, extracellular lipid, hemorrhage, and necrosis. We describe disseminated intracoelomic xanthogranulomatosis in 5 eclectus parrots () and 2 budgerigars (). Postmortem, clinicopathologic, and historical case material was reviewed.

Retrospective Review of Mycobacterial Conjunctivitis in Cockatiels ().

The etiologic disease organism responsible for causing mycobacteriosis in avian species is an acid-fast gram-positive bacterium. This bacterium causes granulomatous disease in various internal organs, but in cockatiels () it has been commonly identified within the conjunctival tissues. Twenty-six cases of mycobacterial conjunctivitis in cockatiels were diagnosed through histopathologic assessment of diseased tissue samples, Fite acid-fast staining, and polymerase chain reaction in this retrospective study.

Pathology of Diseases of Geriatric Exotic Mammals.

The review covers select disease conditions most frequently described in aging rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs), rabbits, and ferrets. The conditions are categorized by general organ systems, infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Two data systems, the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Comparative Pathology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis and Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, California were used in the determining disease conditions to describe.

Giant Cell Sarcomas in Domestic Rabbits ().

Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are a prominent histological feature of various mesenchymal neoplasms and are often considered a criterion of malignancy. Mesenchymal neoplasms with MGCs for which the cell lineage is unclear generally are referred to as giant cell sarcomas. Here we characterize the gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 90 giant cell sarcomas in domestic pet rabbits.

Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases of Selected Avian Species.

Emerging infections and re-emerging diseases in birds can be caused by numerous factors and need to be recognized and understood. This article introduces and summarizes author-selected emerging and re-emerging diseases of avian species. These diseases hold significance as they relate to scientific research, disease recognition and identification, avian welfare aspects, and ecosystem health.

Development and validation of 2 probe-hybridization quantitative PCR assays for rapid detection of a pathogenic species in captive psittacines.

Avian coxiellosis is an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality among captive psittacines, and the utility of a rapid detection test using easily obtained samples is paramount in a clinical setting. New sequences were obtained from 3 genes: , and . We developed probe-hybridization quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays using and genes.

Mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in 2 psittacines.

A unilateral, malformed gnathotheca in a green-winged macaw () was managed for 16 mo with periodic beak trims. Biopsy of the affected beak did not identify an underlying cause; however, at postmortem examination, a densely cellular neoplasm invaded the mandible from the beak, dissecting and effacing the cortex and trabecular bone and inciting periosteal proliferation. There was no evidence of metastasis.

Surgical Management of an Intrathoracic Branchial Cyst in a Yellow-crested Cockatoo ().

A 40-year-old, female lesser crested cockatoo () was presented with a complaint of hyporexia and sudden onset of sneezing and wheezing. Physical examination revealed mild stertorous inhalation, and the apex of the heart was palpable caudoventral to the distal tip of the sternum. Projection radiographic images showed a soft tissue mass displacing the heart and the thoracic portion of the trachea.

Proposed grading scheme for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets and correlation with clinical signs.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals, including ferrets (). Clinical signs of IBD are nonspecific, and intestinal biopsies are necessary for a definitive diagnosis. A grading scheme has not been established for ferrets.

Disease Overview of the Urinary Tract in Exotic Companion Mammals and Tips on Clinical Management.

Diseases of the urinary tract are reviewed, covering infectious (bacterial, viral, parasitic), degenerative, congenital, metabolic, nutritional, neoplastic, obstructive, and toxic causes. Some clinical presentations and diagnostic procedures are described for ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, rats, chinchillas, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders, as well as therapies.

Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco "Telegraph Hill" conures.

During 2018, four free-ranging conures, from a naturalized flock in San Francisco, presented with a characteristic set of neurologic signs that had been reported in other individuals from this flock. The cause of morbidity or mortality in historic cases has not been identified. From these four subjects, fresh feces were collected during their initial days of hospitalization and submitted to the University of Georgia Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Center for Applied Isotope Studies for bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin quantitation.

Lipid-Related Lesions in Quaker Parrots ( Myiopsitta monachus).

The Quaker parrot has been used as a psittacine model to study clinical lipidology and lipid-related disorders. However, while Quaker parrots appear to be anecdotally susceptible to a variety of spontaneous dyslipidemic disorders and lesions caused by excess lipid accumulation, epidemiologic data are lacking. A multicenter retrospective study on 652 pathology submissions (411 necropsies and 243 biopsies) from Quaker parrots was performed by recording the final pathological diagnoses, age, and sex for each bird.

Four cases of iridociliary tumors in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus).

Spontaneously occurring ocular neoplasia is rarely reported in rabbits. This case series presents four cases of rabbits diagnosed with iridociliary tumors, which have not been previously reported in this species. Major pathological findings include epithelial tumors affecting the anterior uvea with variable pigmentation and basement membrane formation.

Generation of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) hematology Reference Intervals with a focus on identified outliers.

Background: The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010 released millions of barrels of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico, exposing numerous species of animals to the toxic components of oil. A comprehensive assessment of morbidity and mortality caused by DWH oil exposure was undertaken by the DWH Natural Resource Damage Trustees to characterize ecosystem damages.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize normal hematologic RIs in red drum fish with blood cell descriptions, and to demonstrate the importance of identifying and removing outliers when generating RI.