The Ambulatory Diabetes Outreach Program (ADOP): Rigorous Evaluation of a Pharmacist and Nurse-Led Care Model.

Background: Although several systematic reviews found that ambulatory diabetes mellitus (DM) interventions involving pharmacists generally yielded better outcomes than the ones that did not, existing studies have limitations in rigor and study design.

Objective: To examine the intention-to-treat effects of the Ambulatory Diabetes Outreach Program (ADOP) on participants' A1c values and healthcare utilization over a 52-month follow-up period.

Design: Difference-in-differences with staggered adoption.

Multi-omics analysis reveals COVID-19 vaccine induced attenuation of inflammatory responses during breakthrough disease.

The immune mechanisms mediating COVID-19 vaccine attenuation of COVID-19 remain undescribed. We conducted comprehensive analyses detailing immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus in blood post-vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or a placebo. Samples from randomised placebo-controlled trials (NCT04324606 and NCT04400838) were taken at baseline, onset of COVID-19-like symptoms, and 7 days later, confirming COVID-19 using nucleic amplification test (NAAT test) via real-time PCR (RT-PCR).

Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection and disease: A targeted literature summary.

Adolescents are the primary cohort for routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, but unvaccinated adults may also benefit. A lack of consensus on which adults to target and the presence of reimbursement barriers likely contribute to the lag in adult vaccinations, highlighting missed prevention opportunities. Understanding factors contributing to risk of HPV infection and disease could help in decision making on vaccination.

Prophylactic HPV vaccines in patients with HPV-associated diseases and cancer.

Individuals with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease remain at risk for subsequent HPV infection and related disease after treatment of specific lesions. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have shown benefits in preventing subsequent HPV-related disease when administered before or soon after treatment. Based on our understanding of the HPV life cycle and vaccine mechanism of action, prophylactic HPV vaccination is not expected to clear active persistent HPV infection or unresected HPV-associated dysplastic tissue remaining after surgery.

Succinate metabolism and membrane reorganization drives the endotheliopathy and coagulopathy of traumatic hemorrhage.

Acute hemorrhage commonly leads to coagulopathy and organ dysfunction or failure. Recent evidence suggests that damage to the endothelial glycocalyx contributes to these adverse outcomes. The physiological events mediating acute glycocalyx shedding are undefined, however.

Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Hematospermia (HS) is the presence of blood in ejaculatory fluid. It is a rare condition that is historically idiopathic or associated with sexual behavior. Technological advances have identified many of the etiologies behind HS, improving treatment.

Medical Students' Perception of Psychotherapy and Predictors for Self-Utilization and Prospective Patient Referrals.

The study explored if willingness to seek psychotherapy or refer patients to therapy is predicted by either perception of its usefulness or stigma (public and self-stigma), and if there are any differences based on specific psychological disorders for this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted surveying medical students enrolled at a southeastern university during spring 2022. These medical students completed the Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS), revised Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH-7), Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (SSRPH), in addition to vignette-based items assessing the likelihood they would seek therapy treatment and refer a patient for therapy based on two specific psychological disorders.

Lessons Learned from the Development and Roll-Out of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Vaccine to Inform Marburg Virus and Vaccines.

This review describes key aspects of the development of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine and key activities which are continuing to further expand our knowledge of the product. Extensive partnerships and innovative approaches were used to address the various challenges encountered during this process. The rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine was initially approved by the European Medicines Agency and prequalified by the World Health Organization in November 2019.

Dimethyl malonate slows succinate accumulation and preserves cardiac function in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Succinate (SI) is a citric acid cycle metabolite that accumulates in tissues during hemorrhagic shock (HS) due to electron transport chain uncoupling. Dimethyl malonate (DMM) is a competitive inhibitor of SI dehydrogenase, which has been shown to reduce SI accumulation and protect against reperfusion injury. Whether DMM can be therapeutic after severe HS is unknown.

3D printed linear soft multi-mode actuators expanding robotic applications.

Soft pneumatic actuators can produce a range of motions and deliver a high force-to-mass ratio whilst offering intrinsic compliance. Presently, the majority of soft pneumatic actuators are used to create bending motions, with very few able to produce significant linear movements. Fewer can actively produce strains in multiple directions.

Interleukin-22 mitigates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Background: The goal of this study was to determine if IL-22:Fc would Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Summary Background Data: No therapies exist for ARDS and treatment is purely supportive. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays an integral component in recovery of the lung from infection.

Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Hematospermia (HS) is the presence of blood in ejaculatory fluid. It is a rare condition that is historically idiopathic or associated with sexual behavior. Technological advances have identified many of the etiologies behind HS, improving treatment.

Pathophysiology and Grayscale Ultrasonography of Penile Corporal Fibrosis.

Introduction: Penile corporal fibrosis may occur secondary to explantation of an infected penile prosthesis, severe penile trauma, refractory low-flow priapism, Peyronie's disease, or chronic intra-cavernous injection of vasoactive drugs. Other etiologies of corporal fibrosis, presenting primarily with erectile dysfunction, can develop in chronic smokers, hypertensive patients, alcoholics, diabetics, and after radical prostatectomy. Corporal erectile tissue fibrosis is a significant pathophysiologic component of erectile dysfunction; however, current ultrasound-based penile imaging protocols do not directly assess it.

Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation Causes Glycocalyx Shedding and Endothelial Oxidative Stress Preferentially in the Lung and Intestinal Vasculature.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock has recently been shown to cause shedding of a carbohydrate surface layer of endothelial cells known as the glycocalyx. This shedding of the glycocalyx is thought to be a mediator of the coagulopathy seen in trauma patients. Clinical studies have demonstrated increases in shed glycocalyx in the blood after trauma, and animal studies have measured glycocalyx disruption in blood vessels in the lung, skeletal muscle, and mesentery.

Reviewing the evidence for shockwave- and cell-based regenerative therapies in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is both a common and complex disease process. Existing ED treatments do not always achieve adequate results. There is clinical interest in employing regenerative therapies, including low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and stem cell therapy (SCT), in the treatment of ED as adjunct or alternative treatments.

Immunization funding across 28 European countries.

Introduction: Disease prevention and improving vaccination coverage in Europe are key elements contributing to resilient health systems and ensuring better health outcomes for all. The aim of this study was to describe the immunization funding landscape across all European Union 28 countries (EU28).

Areas Covered: Data collected in a targeted literature review supported descriptive analysis on the different indicators that were looked at: vaccines included in the EU28 national immunization programs (NIP), national immunization funding, immunization funding per capita (2015-2019) and percentage of health-care budget allocated to immunization.

Glycemic relapse in a collaborative primary care-based type 2 diabetes management program.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of glycemic relapse in patients who attained their glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) goal through a health system-wide collaborative primary care-based pharmacist- and Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES)-led type 2 diabetes (T2D) management program and to identify relapse risk factors.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients with T2D in the diabetes management program with a baseline A1C of at least 9% who attained their A1C goal. The primary outcome was incidence of glycemic relapse.

The status of human papillomavirus vaccination recommendation, funding, and coverage in WHO Europe countries (2018-2019).

: There is a need to better understand HPV vaccination (HPVv) implementation in WHO Europe Region (WHO/ER), including recommendations, funding, and vaccination coverage rates (VCR). : A targeted literature review (up to 31 January 2020) was conducted using national health ministry websites, WHO database, and published studies from WHO/ER countries (n = 53). HPVv recommendations and funding data (target age, gender, schedule, setting, target and monitored VCR) for primary and catch-up cohorts were collected.

Gene expression profiling reveals insights into infant immunological and febrile responses to group B meningococcal vaccine.

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of meningitis and septicaemia. A MenB vaccine (4CMenB) was licensed by the European Medicines Agency in January 2013. Here we describe the blood transcriptome and proteome following infant immunisations with or without concomitant 4CMenB, to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying post-vaccination reactogenicity and immunogenicity.

Hypoxia/reoxygenation decreases endothelial glycocalyx via reactive oxygen species and calcium signaling in a cellular model for shock.

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been shown to cause endothelial glycocalyx (EG) damage.Whether the hypoxic/ischemic insult or the oxidative and inflammatory stress of reperfusion plays a greater part in glycocalyx damage is not known. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which IRI causes EG damage have not been fully elucidated.

The effect of H1N1 vaccination on serum miRNA expression in children: A tale of caution for microRNA microarray studies.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs around 21-25 nucleotides in length which govern many aspects of immunity including the host innate and adaptive responses to infection. RT-qPCR studies of select microRNAs show that vaccination alters the expression circulating microRNAs but the effect of vaccination on the global microRNA population (i.e.

Epigenetics in Sepsis: Understanding Its Role in Endothelial Dysfunction, Immunosuppression, and Potential Therapeutics.

Sepsis has a complex pathophysiology in which both excessive and refractory inflammatory responses are hallmark features. Pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during the early stages are responsible for significant endothelial dysfunction, loss of endothelial integrity, and organ failure. In addition, it is now well-established that a substantial number of sepsis survivors experience ongoing immunological derangement and immunosuppression following a septic episode.