Sex and hormonal effects on drug cue-reactivity and its regulation in human addiction.

Objective: To study the sex and hormonal effects on cortico-striatal engagement during drug cue-reactivity and its regulation focusing on drug reappraisal.

Methods: Forty-nine men (age=41.96±9.

Dynamic Bayesian Networks, Elicitation, and Data Embedding for Secure Environments.

Serious crime modelling typically needs to be undertaken securely behind a firewall where police knowledge and capabilities remain undisclosed. Data informing an ongoing incident are often sparse; a large proportion of relevant data only come to light after the incident culminates or after police intervene-by which point it is too late to make use of the data to aid real-time decision-making for the incident in question. Much of the data that available to the police to support real-time decision-making are highly confidential and cannot be shared with academics, and are therefore missing to them.

Corrigendum: Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.

Contraceptive use following gestational trophoblastic disease: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the effect of contraceptive methods following gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) on timing of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) remission, risk of post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), risk of unintended incident pregnancy, and interactions between contraceptive methods and disease treatment.

Study Design: We conducted a search of primary literature with search terms related to GTD and contraception through April 2023 in PubMed and extrapolated our search to other platforms. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies and case reports were eligible for inclusion if they reported on patients with known GTD who received a contraceptive method for pregnancy prevention.

Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

Introduction: Hospitalized children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related conditions are at risk for new or persistent symptoms and functional impairments. Our objective was to analyze post-hospital symptoms, healthcare utilization, and outcomes of children previously hospitalized and diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Methods: Prospective, multicenter electronic survey of parents of children <18 years of age surviving hospitalization from 12 U.

Exposure to Sedation and Analgesia Medications: Short-term Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Critical Care Survivors With Acquired Brain Injury.

Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors risk significant cognitive morbidity, particularly those with acquired brain injury (ABI) diagnoses. Studies show sedative and analgesic medication may potentiate neurologic injury, but few studies evaluate impact on survivor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether exposures to analgesic and sedative medications are associated with worse neurocognitive outcome.

Effects of intensity and training on cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva maneouvre.

Objectives: To establish the effect of intensity of effort during Valsalva's manoeuvre (VM) on blood pressure and heart rate responses.

Methods: Fourteen participants consisting of eight powerlifters and six controls completed four 15-s VMs at 30 and 50% maximum expiratory pressure. Expiratory pressure (EP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously during manoeuvres and response amplitudes were related to well-established phases (I-IV).

Demographics and Outcomes of Initial Phase of COVID-19 Medicines Delivery Units Across 4 UK Centers During Peak B1.1.529 Omicron Epidemic: A Service Evaluation.

Background: COVID-19 medicines delivery units (CMDU) were established in late December 2021 to deliver early antiviral therapy to patients classified as at risk with the aim of preventing hospitalization.

Methods: We performed a service evaluation at 4 CMDUs in England. We assessed demographics and triage outcomes of CMDU referral, uptake of antiviral therapy, and the rate of subsequent hospitalizations within 2 weeks of CMDU referral.

Sleep and Executive Functioning in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors after Critical Care.

Over 50,000 children are hospitalized annually for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and face long-term cognitive morbidity. Over 50% develop sleep/wake disturbances (SWDs) that can affect brain development and healing. We hypothesized SWDs would portend worse executive function outcomes in children aged 3−18 years with TBI 1−3 months after hospital discharge.

Continuing Care For Critically Ill Children Beyond Hospital Discharge: Current State of Follow-up.

Objectives: Survivors of the PICU face long-term morbidities across health domains. In this study, we detail active PICU follow-up programs (PFUPs) and identify perceptions and barriers about development and maintenance of PFUPs.

Methods: A web link to an adaptive survey was distributed through organizational listservs.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neurologic Manifestations in Hospitalized Children Diagnosed with Acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

Background: Our objective was to characterize the frequency, early impact, and risk factors for neurological manifestations in hospitalized children with acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional study of neurological manifestations in children aged <18 years hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 test or clinical diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2-related condition between January 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for neurological manifestations was performed.

Promoting timely goals of care conversations between gynecologic cancer patients at high-risk of death and their providers.

Objective: We designed a multi-faceted intervention to increase the rate of outpatient goals of care (GOC) conversations in women with gynecologic cancers who are at high-risk of death.

Methods And Materials: A multidisciplinary team developed an educational program around GOC conversations at end-of-life and chose criteria to prospectively identify patients at high-risk of death who might benefit from timely GOC conversations: recurrent or metastatic endometrial, cervical or vulvar cancer or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology provider consensus was built regarding the need to improve the quality and timing of GOC conversations.

Cognitive Dysfunction After Analgesia and Sedation: Out of the Operating Room and Into the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

In the midst of concerns for potential neurodevelopmental effects after surgical anesthesia, there is a growing awareness that children who require sedation during critical illness are susceptible to neurologic dysfunctions collectively termed pediatric post-intensive care syndrome, or PICS-p. In contrast to healthy children undergoing elective surgery, critically ill children are subject to inordinate neurologic stress or injury and need to be considered separately. Despite recognition of PICS-p, inconsistency in techniques and timing of post-discharge assessments continues to be a significant barrier to understanding the specific role of sedation in later cognitive dysfunction.

Molecular Classification to Prognosticate Response in Medically Managed Endometrial Cancers and Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether molecular classification prognosticates treatment response in women with endometrial cancers and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) treated with levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).

Methods: Patients treated with LNG-IUS for endometrial cancer or EIN from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated. Using immunohistochemistry and single gene sequencing of , patients were classified into four groups as per the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial cancer (ProMisE): -mutated, mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd), p53 wild type (p53wt), and p53-abnormal (p53abn).

Development and Retrospective Review of a Pediatric Ethics Consultation Service at a Large Academic Center.

The primary objective was to review pediatric ethics consultations (PECs) at a large academic health center over a nine year period, assessing demographics, ethical issues, and consultant intervention. The secondary objective was to describe the evolution of PECs at our institution. This was a retrospective review of Consultation Summary Sheets compiled for PECs at our Academic Health Center between January 2008 and April 2017.

Incorporating Prescription Drugs Into Affordable Care Act Risk Adjustment.

Background: The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reformed the individual and small group health insurance markets and established a risk adjustment program to create a level playing field for competition. A new set of predictive models for measuring enrollee risk across plans was developed for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act-reformed markets, referred to as the Department of Health and Human Services Hierarchical Condition Category (HHS-HCC) models. Beginning in 2018, selected prescription drug classes were added to the models as risk markers.

A Comparison of Health Risk and Costs Across Private Insurance Markets.

Background: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) established new parameters for the individual and small group health insurance markets starting in 2014. We study these 2 reformed markets by comparing health risk and costs to the more mature large employer market.

Study Data: For 2017, claims data for all enrollees in PPACA-compliant individual and small group market plans as well as claims data from a sample of large employer market enrollees.

Association Between Atopic Disease and Anemia in US Children.

Importance: Atopic disease is associated with chronic inflammation, food allergen avoidance, and use of systemic immunosuppressant medications. All these factors have been shown to be associated with anemia.

Objective: To investigate whether atopic disease is associated with increased risk of childhood anemia.

Impact of Postoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Duration on Surgical Site Infections in Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Although some surgeons prescribe prolonged postoperative antibiotics after autologous breast reconstruction, evidence is lacking to support this practice. We used the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons database to evaluate the association between postoperative antibiotic duration and the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in autologous breast reconstruction.

Study Design: The intervention of interest for this study was postoperative duration of antibiotic prophylaxis: either discontinued 24 hours after surgery or continued beyond 24 hours.

Sex Education Groups in a Psychiatric Day Hospital: Clinical Observations.

Although the prevalence of sexual dysfunction is high among individuals diagnosed with severe and chronic mental illness, the topic of sexuality is often not part of standard psychiatric assessment. Discussions about sexuality could improve patients' quality of life. This article outlines the development and implementation of a sex education group for patients admitted to a psychiatric day hospital in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, along with clinical observations.

Atrial arrhythmia in ageing spontaneously hypertensive rats: unraveling the substrate in hypertension and ageing.

Background: Both ageing and hypertension are known risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) although the pathophysiological contribution or interaction of the individual factors remains poorly understood. Here we aim to delineate the arrhythmogenic atrial substrate in mature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods: SHR were studied at 12 and 15 months of age (n = 8 per group) together with equal numbers of age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rats (WKY).

Combining perturbations and parameter variation to influence mean first passage times.

Perturbations are relatively large shocks to state variables that can drive transitions between stable states, while drift in parameter values gradually alters equilibrium magnitudes. This latter effect can lead to equilibrium bifurcation, the generation, or annihilation of equilibria. Equilibrium annihilations reduce the number of equilibria and so are associated with catastrophic population collapse.