Twelve weeks of exercise training improves cognitive status, physical performance and quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which there is slow and gradual impairment of mental function. Considering the increase in cases due to population aging, the potential benefits of physical training in AD are of great importance and need further elucidation. This study aims to identify the impact of physical training on crucial aspects of AD such as cognitive status, physical performances, quality of life and activities of daily living.

Exercise performance effect of central dopamine is mediated by hypothalamic neuronal activation.

Acting centrally, dopamine has been shown to induce ergogenic effects derived from its influence on thermoregulation, motivation, reward, and motor control. Thus, to evaluate the role of the central dopaminergic system in hypothalamic neuronal activation and its relationship with exercise performance, Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly injected with saline (SAL) or SCH-23390 (SCH, dopamine D1 receptor blocker) at rest and before timed submaximal exercise (∼13 min) or exercise until fatigue. Core body and tail temperatures were recorded throughout the exercise.

Aerobic performance in rats subjected to incremental-speed running exercise: A multiple regression analysis study emphasizing thermoregulation-related variables.

Single-variable analyses have limited ability to explain complex phenomena such as the regulation of prolonged physical (aerobic) performance. Our study aimed to identify predictors of performance in rats subjected to incremental-speed running exercise. Notably, most variables assessed were associated with rats' thermoregulation.

Hypothyroidism alters the rhythmicity of the central clock, body temperature and metabolism: evidence of Bmal1 transcriptional regulation by T3.

In mammals, the central circadian oscillator is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis components exhibit circadian oscillation, regulated by both central clock innervation and intrinsic circadian clocks in the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands. Thyroid disorders alter the rhythmicity of peripheral clocks in a tissue-dependent response; however, whether these effects are influenced by alterations in the master clock remains unknown.

Long-term assessment of the periodontal health of removable partial denture wearers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Statement Of Problem: The long-term effects of wearing removable partial dentures (RPDs) remain unclear.

Purpose: This systematic review addressed the question "Is the long-term use of RPDs deleterious to the remaining teeth?"

Material And Methods: This review was guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Six databases and nonpeer-reviewed literature were searched in April 2024 without language or follow-up restrictions.

Chemical defences indicate bold colour patterns with reduced variability in aposematic nudibranchs.

The selective factors that shape phenotypic diversity in prey communities with aposematic animals are diverse and coincide with similar diversity in the strength of underlying secondary defences. However, quantitative assessments of colour pattern variation and the strength of chemical defences in assemblages of aposematic species are lacking. We quantified colour pattern diversity using quantitative colour pattern analysis (QCPA) in 13 dorid nudibranch species (Infraorder: Doridoidei) that varied in the strength of their chemical defences.

Four-year assessment of masticatory function in mandibular overdenture wearers: A randomised clinical trial comparing two to four implants to retain the prosthesis.

Background: Limited data exist on the mid- to long-term masticatory capacity of mandibular overdenture (IOD) wearers, particularly regarding the use of posterior implants to retention.

Objectives: To periodically evaluate mastication of IOD wearers, comparing the effectiveness of two to four implants to retain the prosthesis.

Methods: In a randomised controlled clinical trial, 20 complete edentulous patients (14 women), aged 51-84 years (mean age 69.

Enhancing equity in access to automated insulin delivery systems in an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse group of children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Manufacturer-supported didactic teaching programmes offer effective automated insulin delivery (AID) systems onboarding in children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, this approach has limited flexibility to accommodate the needs of families requiring additional support.

Research Design And Methods: Evaluate the efficacy of an inperson manufacturer-supported didactic teaching programme (Group A), in comparison to a flexible flipped learning approach delivered virtually or inperson (Group B).

Feasibility of outpatient daycase local anaesthestic Rezūm™ without sedation.

Background: Rezūm™ is a relatively new bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) procedure that uses thermal energy through water vapour to cause necrosis of prostatic tissue. The standard delivery of this treatment is in an operating theatre under a general or spinal anaesthetic, or under local anaesthetic with sedation that requires patient monitoring.

Methods: We propose an outpatient daycase method of delivering Rezūm™ under local anaesthetic without sedation, using a prostatic local anaesthetic block and cold local anaesthetic gel instillation into the urethra.

Differential effects of sertraline and cognitive behavioural therapy on behavioural inhibition in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) randomised to sertraline, manualised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), or combination (sertraline + CBT), underwent cognitive assessment. Cognitive testing was conducted at baseline and at week 16. The stop signal reaction time task (SSRT) was used to evaluate motor impulsivity and attentional flexibility was evaluated using the intra/extra-dimensional set shifting task.

Differences between 48 and 72-hour intervals on match load and subsequent recovery: a report from the Brazilian under-20 national football team.

Purpose: To compare the external and internal load and subsequent recovery of football players after international tournament matches separated by 48 h vs. 72 h.

Methods: A total of 14 male football players from the Brazilian National Team, competing in the 2019 South American Under-20 Championship, participated in the study.

Digital workflow to produce 3D-printed incisal facial indirect restoration with lingual rest seats to support a removable partial denture.

A technique for fabricating lingual rest seats and indirect incisal restorations using a digital workflow is described. After intraoral scanning, the incisal edge position of the restoration and lingual rest seats for a subsequent removable partial denture (RPD) were designed digitally. Adaptation was evaluated with trial restorations, and definitive restorations were printed from a 3-dimensional resin (Varseo Smile Crown Plus Bego; Wilcos).

Plant-based diets benefit aerobic performance and do not compromise strength/power performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Plant-based diets have emerged as athletic performance enhancers for various types of exercise. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of plant-based diets on aerobic and strength/power performances, as well as on BMI of physically active individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted and reported according to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.

Is melatonin as an ergogenic hormone a myth? a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Melatonin supplementation has been disclosed as an ergogenic substance. However, the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in healthy subjects has not been systematically investigated. The present study analyzed the effects of melatonin supplementation on physical performance and recovery.

TRPV1 inactivation alters core body temperature and serum corticosterone levels: Impacts on clock genes expression in the liver and adrenal glands.

Purpose: TRPV1 desensitization or blockade promotes hyperthermia in rodents. Daily changes in core body temperature (Tc), spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), and glucocorticoids are temporal cues for peripheral clocks. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of both desensitization and blockade of TRPV1 on Tc, SLA, blood corticosterone, and the clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in the liver and adrenal.

Is physical performance affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze the effects of ingesting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on physical performance, muscle strength, and muscle damage in three different moments: immediately, 24 and 48 h after resistance exercise practice.

Methods: Relevant studies were researched in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) in April 2023. After excluding duplicates, the decision to include or exclude studies was made by two independent investigators in the following steps: (I) the study title; (II) the study abstract; and (III) the complete study manuscript.

Skeletal muscle dysfunctions in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Effects of aerobic exercise training.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with skeletal muscle myopathy and atrophy and impaired exercise tolerance. Aerobic exercise training has been recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy for deleterious effects imposed by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aerobic physical training induces skeletal muscle adaptations reduced inflammation, improved anabolic processes, decreased hypoxia and regulation of mitochondrial function.

Determinants of body core temperatures at fatigue in rats subjected to incremental-speed exercise: The prominent roles of ambient temperature, distance traveled, initial core temperature, and measurement site.

Understanding the factors that underlie the physical exercise-induced increase in body core temperature (T) is essential to developing strategies to counteract hyperthermic fatigue and reduce the risk of exertional heatstroke. This study analyzed the contribution of six factors to T attained at fatigue in Wistar rats (n = 218) subjected to incremental-speed treadmill running: ambient temperature (T), distance traveled, initial T, body mass, measurement site, and heat loss index (HLI). First, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with data from different studies conducted in our laboratory (n = 353 recordings).

Suprascapular nerve injury during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a case report.

This case report aims to encourage teams to readjust the operating table during prolonged robotic cases, especially in those patients with a high body mass index. We present the case of a 59-year-old male who developed neuropathic pain involving the suprascapular nerve distribution following a prolonged robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Consumption of 2 Green Kiwifruits Daily Improves Constipation and Abdominal Comfort-Results of an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Consumption of green kiwifruit is known to relieve constipation. Previous studies have also reported improvements in gastrointestinal (GI) comfort. We investigated the effect of consuming green kiwifruit on GI function and comfort.

Schools reopening and the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study from Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the public and private educational system started to close. Up to November 2020, scientific discussions about the return of schooling activities have been rarely performed by the national scientific community and police-makers. The great delay of school returning in Brazil contrasts with successful international strategies of school reopening worldwide and seems counterintuitive with the reopening of non-essential activities.

Norepinephrine modulation of heat dissipation in female rats lacking estrogen.

Postmenopausal hot flushes are caused by lack of estradiol (E2) but their neuroendocrine basis is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interrelationship between norepinephrine and hypothalamic neurons, with emphasis on kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), as a regulatory pathway in the vasomotor effects of E2. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats displayed increased tail skin temperature (TST), and this increase was prevented in OVX rats treated with E2 (OVX + E2).