Exact critical values for group sequential designs with small sample sizes.

Group sequential clinical trial designs allow the sequential hypothesis testing as data is accumulated over time, while ensuring the control of type-1 error rate. These designs vary in how they split the overall type-1 error among analyses, but practically, all assume that: 1. The underlying data is normal or approximately so, and 2.

An improved Hochberg procedure for multiple tests of significance.

We propose a simple modification of Hochberg's step-up Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. The proposed procedure is always more powerful than Hochberg's procedure for more than two tests, and is more powerful than Hommel's procedure for three and four tests. A numerical analysis of the new procedure indicates that its Type I error is controlled under independence of the test statistics, at a level equal to or just below the nominal Type I error.