Slavutych atomograd as the last ideal city of the USSR: Challenges and adaptation mechanisms of resilience.

Urban resilience implies the ability of all components of a city system to maintain or restore their functions following unforeseen events, and the ability to adapt to external changes. We apply the concept of resilience and adaptation to Slavutych atomograd following the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Station explosion. Challenges and responses facing the urban management and planning systems are examined.

[DAILY INTRAESOPHAGEAL pH-MONITORING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE SEVERITY OF ESOPHAGITIS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE].

Objective: To identify criteria of pH-grams to diagnose the severity of esophagitis and preneoplastic complications of GERD.

Materials And Methods: 63 patients aged from 18 to 70 with A, B, C degree of GERD, according to the Los Angeles classification and 15 patients with intestinal metaplasia of columnar epithelium and leukoplakia of the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagogastric transition were examined. For daily intraesophageal pH-monitoring "Gastroscan-24", pH probes manufactured by ZAO NPP "Istok- system", Fryazino (Russia) were used.

RECONSTRUCTIVE AND RESTORATIVE OPERATIONS ON EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS USING MICROSURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES: EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION AND CLINICAL EXPERIENCE.

The authors proposed the new methods of forming of microsurgical biliary-enteric anastomoses with sphincteric and antireflux properties. Development and anatomico-experimental substantiation of the new methods were performed on 68 experimental animals (dogs) and 20 organocomplexes of human cadavers. An experimental approbation of microsurgical biliary-enteric anastomoses showed the possibility, safety and high function of anastomoses.

[Not Available].

Aim: To study and compare the results of reconstructive and restoretive operations for strictures and bile duct injuries in patients operated by traditional methods and with the use of microsurgical techniques.

Materials And Methods: analysis of 181 and reconstructive restore operations reconstruction works produced on the occasion of strictures (111) and intraoperational damage (16) of the bile ducts, strictures choledocho-duodenal anastomosis and choledochocele (20), congenital cysts of the bile ducts (10), chronic indurative pancreatitis (15), the Fatherof papilla stenosis (5), syndrome Mirizzi 4 types (4). In the formation biliodigestive anastomoses traditional technique applied in 116 patients, microsurgical by 65.

PRIMARY HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS IN ADULTS.

The Aim: to present some information-about the rare primary hypertrophy of the pylorus in adults and a clinical case of a patient with this disease.

Materials And Methods: the patient A., 52 years of age, after which clinical-instrumental and laboratory research was diagnosed with infiltrative form of cancer of the pylorus with decompensated stenosis.

[CLINICAL, ENDOSCOPIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CERTAIN SURGICAL DISEASES OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT].

Objective: To reveal the peculiarities of manifestations and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, hiatal hernia (HH) and after stomach resection.

Materials And Methods: 387 patients with GERD, peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum (200 patients), after resection of the stomach Billroth II (150 patients), 37 patients with HH. Videoendoscopic equipment company OLYMPUS (Japan) was used.

[ENDOSCOPIC ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE GASTRODUODENAL JUNCTION IN ULCER OF THE DUODENUM].

Objective: To Improve the diagnosis of duodenal ulcer and preneoplastic changes of gastroduodenal transition.

Materials And Methods: 112 patients with duodenal ulcer, 208 healthy pearsons of three age periods: second period of mature age, elderly and senile age were examined. Video endoscopy equipment company "OLYMPUS" (Japan), morphological methods and the determination of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) were used.

[Gastroesophageal reflux disease in certain surgical diseases of the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract].

The examination included 340 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (200 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, 112 patients after Billroth II resection of the stomach, 58 with formed transverse gastroenteroanastomosis and 28 with hiatal hernia). Characteristics of clinical, endoscopic and morphological manifectations of GERD against the background of the disease in question were revealed which must be taken into consideration in differential diagnostics, medicamentous and operative treatment.

[Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients after resection of the stomach].

A comparative analysis of clinical symptoms, endoscopic and morphological alterations has been made in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease after resection of the stomach in two modifications of Hofmeister-Finsterer and with the formation of transversal gastroenteroanastomosis. Rather frequent detection of preneoplastic complications in the mucosa with the cylindric epithelium in the esophagus against the background of non-pronounced endoscopic manifestations allows the patients of this group to be referred to the group of risk of the development of neoplastic processes with regular examinations and treatment. Less pronounced changes in patients with the formation of transversal gastroenteroanastomosis suggest that this operation should be recommended as preferable.

[Application of modern methods of intravital visualization for the study of various body parts: clinical anatomy].

This paper reviews the methodological and technical possibilities of the application of modern imaging methods (ultrasonography, computer tomography and its variety spiral computer tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, endoscopic investigation) for the study of intravital anatomy of body regions, inner organs, their structures and cavities. It is shown that these methods provide the objective information on the position, dimensions, and structure of the objects under study Using the morphometric methods with further variation-statistical analysis gives the objective quantitative characteristics, allows to distinguish marginal and most common variants of form and dimensions of anatomical structures.

[Persistence factors of Helicobacter pylori].

Isolates of H. pylori from patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, were found to be capable of inactivating lysozyme and intercide (the bactericidal component of human leukocytic interferon). The expression and penetration capacity of their antilysozyme activity (ALA) and antiintercide activity was determined.

[Motor and secretion function of stomach and duodenum, duodenogastric reflux in patients with duodenal ulcer].

Gastric secretion, motor function and tonicity of the stomach and duodenum, duodenogastric reflux were studied in inpatients with two clinicopathogenetic types of duodenal ulcer: observed at young age (type 1) and in later life (type 2). The examination included pH-metry with simultaneous balloon cimography, chromogastroduodenoscopy with Kongo-red, tests for Helicobacter pylori conducted on the biopsy samples. All the patients were found to have continuous acid production.

[Antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative infective complications in patients with rectal and colonic cancers].

The results of operative use of clindamycin and netilmycin (1st group), piperacillin (2d group), in comparison to the standard protocol (carbenicillin and its combination with gentamicin) in 103 patients operated on rectal and colonic cancer are discussed. The rate of postoperative complications was 2.3% (1st groups), 5.

[Infections of a fungal etiology in the cancer clinic].

Candida fungi, more than half of which are Candida albicans, are responsible for up to 28% of microflora contaminating the pathological material during infectious processes coursing in cancer patients. They may be isolated as a monoculture or in associations with bacteria, depending on the localization of the process. In both cases their pathogenetic significance is really great, which is confirmed by the efficacy of antimycotic therapy and prophylactic measures.

[Several aspects of non-clostridial anaerobic infection in cancer patients].

The specific features of the development and natural history of nonclostridial anaerobic infection (NACI) were studied in 125 cancer patients with various site tumors. It was shown that after surgery for malignant abdominal and genital tumors, NCAI might develop in the late postoperative period despite antibacterial antianaerobic prevention and even long-term antianaerobic therapy. NCAI treated with antianaerobic therapy was found to run long with aggravations and remissions in patients undergone surgery and drug therapy for genital cancer.

[Etiologic structure of infectious complications in the urogenital tract of oncologic patients].

The investigation of the microflora of infectious complications in the urogenital tract of oncological patients showed that in spite of the similarity of the microbiotypes, the microflora of the infectious complications in the patients had marked differences. The causative agents in urological patients were mainly monocultures (69.9 per cent), whereas in gynecological patients they were mainly associations (67.

[In vitro activity of surgical suture materials containing cephalosporin antibiotics].

Surgical threads containing cefazolin and cefoperazone were studied comparatively. Cefazolin was shown to incorporate into the structure of caproamide threads in an amount of 20 per cent by the thread weight while the cefoperazone incorporation amounted only to 3.7 per cent.

[Mycoses in oncologic patients].

Lately the frequency of fungal infections in oncological patients considerably increased. The cause is a decreased immune status and in particular decreased immunity against fungal infections in oncological patients because of the oncological disease and aggressive treatment. In the patients treated with immunodepressants the frequency of Candida vegetating on the skin and in open cavities was higher.

[Imipenem-cilastatin in the treatment of suppurative inflammatory complications in the cancer clinic].

The results of the treatment with imipenem/cylastatin (Merck, Sharp and Dohme) of 46 oncological patients whose condition was severe or extremely severe because of infectious complications are presented. The drug was administered intravenously drop-like in doses of 1.5 or 2 g a day.

[The effect of recombinant interleukin-2 on the course of experimental staphylococcal peritonitis in mice].

The effect of RIL-2 on the survival of mice with S. aureus--induced peritonitis was studied. Animals received bacterial suspension and RIL-2 as following: bacteria--on days 0, +2, RIL-2--day 0 (group 1); bacteria--days 0, +4, RIL-2--days 0, +2 (group 2); bacteria--days 0, +6, RIL-2--days 0, +2, +4 (group 3).

[The prophylactic administration of interleukin-2 increases the survival of mice with an acute intra-abdominal infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The effect of RIL-2 on the survival of mice with acute Staphylococcus aureus strain 5/2 intra-abdominal [correction of intraperitoneal] infection was studied. RIL-2 was ineffective when administered simultaneously with the LD100 dose of bacteria. Antibiotics (gentamycin or combination of penicillin and streptomycin) administered in the same fashion cured 100% of animals.

Recombinant interleukin-2 significantly increases the survival of mice with peritonitis, but not acute Staphylococcus aureus peritoneal infection.

The effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) on survival of mice with peritonitis and acute Staphylococcus aureus strain 5/2 infection was studied. rIL-2 was ineffective in the case of acute infection when administered simultaneously with LD95 dose of bacteria. The antibiotics (gentamycin or a combination of penicillin and streptomycin) administered in the same fashion cured 100% of animals.