Abnormalities detected on digital rectal examinations in dogs are common and influence diagnostic and treatment plans.

Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormal findings on digital rectal examination (DRE) performed during physical examinations at a tertiary referral veterinary hospital, to establish what abnormal findings are most common and whether they impact diagnostic and treatment plans, and to assess whether patient signalment or admitting service influences the frequency of abnormalities.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 440).

Methods: Veterinarians performed DREs on dogs as part of a physical examination.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal and intramuscular administration of naloxone in working dogs administered fentanyl.

Background: Working dogs exposed to narcotics might require reversal in the field.

Objective: To explore the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of naloxone administered intramuscularly (IM) or intranasally (IN) to reverse fentanyl sedation in working dogs.

Animals: Ten healthy, working dogs aged 1.

Total serum and ionized magnesium concentrations in healthy and hospitalized dogs.

Objective: To determine if an association between ionized magnesium (iMg) and total magnesium (tMg) exists in healthy and hospitalized dogs admitted through an emergency service and to assess the associations between iMg and tMg with total protein, albumin, ionized calcium, and total calcium.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital.

Body condition and hair coat length impact weight estimation in dogs and cats presented to an emergency department.

Objective: To examine weight estimations by veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and veterinary students to determine the accuracy of weight estimation in a veterinary emergency department. Secondary objectives included an initial evaluation of how body condition score (BCS), hair coat length, and hospital position of the estimator impacted accuracy of weight estimation.

Animals: 101 dogs and 28 cats that presented to the emergency department from October 17, 2017, to September 3, 2019.

Severity of nasopharyngeal collapse before and after corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs.

Objective: To determine the severity of nasopharyngeal collapse in brachycephalic dogs before and after corrective airway surgery.

Animals: Twenty-three brachycephalic dogs (21 with clinical signs referrable to the upper airway) and nine clinically normal nonbrachycephalic dogs (controls).

Methods: Dogs were evaluated with fluoroscopy awake and standing with the head in a neutral position.

Retrospective evaluation of gastrointestinal foreign bodies and presurgical predictors for enterectomy versus enterotomy in dogs (2013-2016): 82 cases.

Objective: To evaluate preoperative diagnostics in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign body (GIFB) obstruction and to identify clinical variables associated with the performance of simple enterotomy (EO) versus enterectomy (EC).

Design: Retrospective case control study from October 2013 to January 2016.

Setting: Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

Evaluation of coccygeal and radial artery Doppler blood pressure measurements in sick cats with and without abnormalities in tissue perfusion.

Objective: To compare systolic blood pressure measured by Doppler (SBP) taken from the coccygeal artery versus common digital branch of the radial artery in cats with normal and poor perfusion parameters.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Volume Resuscitation in the Acutely Hemorrhaging Patient: Historic Use to Current Applications.

Acute hemorrhage in small animals results from traumatic and non-traumatic causes. This review seeks to describe current understanding of the resuscitation of the acutely hemorrhaging small animal (dog and cat) veterinary patient through evaluation of pre-clinical canine models of hemorrhage and resuscitation, clinical research in dogs and cats, and selected extrapolation from human medicine. The physiologic dose and response to whole blood loss in the canine patient is repeatable both in anesthetized and awake animals and is primarily characterized clinically by increased heart rate, decreased systolic blood pressure, and increased shock index and biochemically by increased lactate and lower base excess.

Interobserver reliability of Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (FEDESI) and Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and the relationship between lesion scores and pruritus.

Background: Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (FEDESI) and Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) are scales used to assess lesion severity in cats with allergic dermatitis. Interobserver reliability has not been assessed for either.

Hypothesis And Objectives: To determine interobserver reliability for FEDESI and SCORFAD, and the relationship between lesion scores and pruritus.

Evaluation of subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of apomorphine for induction of emesis in dogs.

Objective: To prospectively compare the effectiveness and any adverse effects of apomorphine administered SC or IV for induction of emesis in dogs.

Animals: 42 client-owned dogs.

Procedures: Dogs for which emesis induction was deemed appropriate by the attending clinician were prospectively randomized to receive apomorphine (0.

Predictors of inflammatory lower airway disease in cats presented to the emergency room in respiratory distress: a case-control study.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify whether venous blood gas (VBG) variables may serve as a predictor of inflammatory lower airway disease (ILAD) in cats presenting with respiratory distress. A secondary objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of patient signalment, history and physical examination findings, as compared with VBG variables.

Methods: The medical records of cats presenting with respiratory distress secondary to ILAD (54 cases) and non-ILAD (121 controls) were retrospectively reviewed.

Multicenter evaluation of decompressive cystocentesis in the treatment of cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To investigate whether decompressive cystocentesis (DC) safely facilitates urethral catheterization (UC) in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Animals: 88 male cats with UO.

Procedures: Cats were randomly assigned to receive DC prior to UC (ie, DC group cats; n = 44) or UC only (ie, UC group cats; 44).

Establishment of normal reference intervals in dogs using a viscoelastic point-of-care coagulation monitor and its comparison with thromboelastography.

Background: Viscoelastic coagulation devices are a useful adjunct to the evaluation of hemostasis in veterinary patients. VCM Vet is a point-of-care device that is simple in operation and could be used to diagnose and trend hemostatic abnormalities in sick patients. VCM Vet does not use activators.

Evaluation of renal and hepatic blood value screening before non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration in dogs.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential association between signalment, history and physical examination findings and elevated renal and hepatic blood values before non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration in dogs. Secondary objectives were to investigate clinicopathologic differences between dogs that were and were not prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 81 dogs that underwent renal and hepatic blood value screening before drug administration via a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug blood panel were reviewed retrospectively.

Evaluation of the rectal-interdigital temperature gradient as a diagnostic marker of shock in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the difference in the rectal-interdigital temperature gradient (RITG) between dogs that were presented to an emergency room with clinical signs of shock compared to those without signs of shock, and if this gradient can be used as a diagnostic marker for shock.

Design: Prospective, single center, observational study conducted from 2014 to 2015.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Focused cardiac ultrasound and point-of-care NT-proBNP assay in the emergency room for differentiation of cardiac and noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) and point-of-care N-terminal proBNP assay in the emergency setting for differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats.

Design: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study between 2014 and 2016.

Setting: Emergency room at an urban university teaching hospital.

A prospective randomized, double-blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine-bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the caudal epidural technique in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Design: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled study.

Animals: Eighty-eight male cats with UO.

Retrospective evaluation of outpatient canine parvovirus treatment in a shelter-based low-cost urban clinic.

Objective: To evaluate survival and associated risk factors when utilizing an outpatient treatment protocol for treatment of canine parvovirus (CPV) performed in a shelter-based low-cost urban clinic.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Identification of risk factors for recurrent secondary septic peritonitis following initial surgical treatment of secondary septic peritonitis in dogs.

Objectives: To report the incidence of and risk factors for development of recurrent secondary septic peritonitis (RSSP) in dogs. To report the outcome of dogs treated surgically for RSSP.

Design: Retrospective study.

Investigation of focused cardiac ultrasound in the emergency room for differentiation of respiratory and cardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs.

Objective: To determine whether focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) performed by emergency and critical care (ECC) specialists or residents in training improves differentiation of cardiac (C) versus non-cardiac (NC) causes of respiratory distress in dogs compared to medical history and physical examination alone.

Design: Prospective cohort study (May 2014 to February 2016).

Setting: University hospital.

Postmortem urinary tract changes in cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To report the gross and histopathological postmortem findings of the urinary tract and compare them to clinical severity of disease in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Design: Retrospective, observational, descriptive study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Effects of treatment with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn insulins on serum fructosamine and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia.

Objective: To assess effects of basal-bolus insulin treatment (BBIT) with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulins, compared with NPH insulin alone, on serum fructosamine concentration (SFC) and postprandial blood glucose concentration (BGC) in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia fed a high insoluble fiber-content diet.

Animals: 6 client-owned dogs with diabetes mellitus.

Procedures: Blood samples were collected for BGC and SFC measurement in hospitalized dogs just before feeding and routine SC NPH insulin administration (time 0); samples were collected for BGC measurement every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then every 2 hours for up to 10 additional hours.

Sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (juvenile cellulitis) in adult dogs: a retrospective analysis of 90 cases (2004-2018).

Background: It has long been speculated that sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (SGDL) occurs in adult dogs. However, only three published case reports exist.

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe clinical presentation, identify breed predispositions, and assess treatment and outcomes of adult dogs with the histopathological diagnosis of SGDL.