Four Novel Disease-Causing Variants in the Gene in Russian Patients with CADASIL.

Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited disease with unknown mechanisms and a broad phenotypic spectrum. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the gene. The symptoms of the disease mainly include recurrent strokes with vascular risk factors, migraine with aura, dementia, and mood disturbances.

[CADASIL syndrome: differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis].

Two cases of clinical and MRI manifestations of genetically verified CADASIL syndrome in female patients under 40 years of age are presented. The primary misinterpretation of clinical data and the neuroimaging results within multiple sclerosis indicates a lack of awareness of radiologists and neurologists about this disease. The article reviewed the current literature on the problems of diagnosis and treatment of CADASIL.

Cytokine Response, Tract-Specific Fractional Anisotropy, and Brain Morphometry in Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a clinically heterogeneous condition and its types have a different course and prognosis. The aim of the present study is to address the roles of inflammation, white matter pathology, and brain atrophy in different neuropsychological types of cognitive impairment in the acute period of ischemic stroke.

Methods: In 92 patients, we performed an assessment of the cognitive status and measured concentrations of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10) in liquor and serum, as well as a number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric parameters and fractional anisotropy.

[Neuroinflammatory, Neurodegenerative and Structural Brain Biomarkers of the Main Types of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in Acute Period of Ischemic Stroke].

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a clinically heterogeneous condition, some types of which cannot be fully differentiated neuropsychologically that necessitates the active search for biomarkers.

Aims: Analyze parameters of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in combination with neuroimaging markers in patients with different types of post-stroke cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke.

Materials And Methods: In 72 patients we performed the assessment of cognitive status and distinguished 3 types: normal cognition, dysexecutive, and mixed cognitive impairment.

[The role of melatonin in the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment in elderly patients in comparison with middle-aged patients].

In the acute phase of ischemic stroke 73 patients aged from 61 to 86 years and 47 patients aged 36 to 60 years underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological testing, evaluation of the concentration of 6-sulfatoximelatonin 6-sulfatoximelatonin in the night urine and brain MRI morphometry in some patients. The control group consisted of 14 persons without cerebrovascular disease. Younger and middle-aged patients had higher levels of 6-sulfatoximelatonin compared to both controls and elderly patients.

[Frontotemporal degeneration: a clinical case and experience of using of diffusion tensor magnetic-resonance imaging tractography].

Frontotemporal degeneration is a frequent cause of presenile dementia that makes up from 5 to 17% of autopsy-confirmed cases developed at the age of 70 years. Authors report a case of this disease, discuss the possible causes of its development and present the results of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tractography. Clinical features of this case are practically isolated speech disturbance with the most likely domination of a semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia.