Variation in State Education Regulations for RNs.

Background: There is variation in nursing education quality, measured as first-time NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination)-RN pass rates (FTPR), both across and within the United States. Current research examines program-level characteristics associated with performance.

Method: This study examines state-level policies and their relationship to FTPR (both associate and baccalaureate nursing degrees) to identify policies that enhance nursing program quality.

Mapping the Location of Health Centers in Relation to "Maternity Care Deserts": Associations With Utilization of Women's Health Providers and Services.

Background And Objectives: The aim was to explore the association between community health centers' (CHC) distance to a "maternity care desert" (MCD) and utilization of maternity-related health care services, controlling for CHC and county-level factors.

Measures: Utilization as: total number of CHC visits to obstetrician-gynecologists, certified nurse midwives, family physicians (FP), and nurse practitioners (NP); total number of prenatal care visits and deliveries performed by CHC staff.

Research Design: Cross-sectional design comparing utilization between CHCs close to MCDs and those that were not, using linked 2017 data from the Uniform Data System (UDS), American Hospital Association Survey, and Area Health Resource Files.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Planning and Response: A Tale of 2 Health Workforce Estimator Tools.

Background: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly progressed throughout the United States, increased demand for health workers required health workforce data and tools to aid planning and response at local, state, and national levels.

Objective: We describe the development of 2 estimator tools designed to inform health workforce planning for COVID-19.

Research Design: We estimated supply and demand for intensivists, critical care nurses, hospitalists, respiratory therapists, and pharmacists, using Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projections for COVID-19 hospital care and National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, Provider Enrollment Chain and Ownership System, American Hospital Association, and Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupation Employment Statistics for workforce supply.

Association of Work Requirements With Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation by Race/Ethnicity and Disability Status, 2013-2017.

Importance: Increased work requirements have been proposed throughout federal safety net programs, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Participation in SNAP is associated with reduced food insecurity and improved health.

Objectives: To determine whether SNAP work requirements are associated with lower rates of program participation and to examine whether there are racial/ethnic disparities or spillover effects for people with disabilities, who are not intended to be affected by work requirements.

The Effects of SNAP Work Requirements in Reducing Participation and Benefits From 2013 to 2017.

To assess the effects of work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). We used changes in waivers of work requirements to assess the impact of requiring work on the number of SNAP participants and benefit levels in 2410 US counties from 2013 to 2017 using 2-way fixed effects models. Adoption of work requirements was followed by reductions of 3.

Medicaid Work Requirements: Will They Help the Unemployed Gain Jobs or Improve Health?

Issue: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved Medicaid work requirement demonstration projects in four states, and other states also have applied. However, the future of these projects has been clouded by legal and policy challenges.

Goal: To assess whether state Medicaid work requirement projects are designed for success in promoting employment among unemployed Medicaid beneficiaries.

Perceptions of Alternative Tobacco Products, Anti-tobacco Media, and Tobacco Regulation among Young Adults: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives With increased alternative tobacco product (ATP) use and lagging public health action, we explored perceptions of ATPs, anti-tobacco messaging, and tobacco regulation among young adults. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 Georgia college students aged 18-25 using: (1) cigarettes, little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs), smokeless tobacco, or e-cigarettes ≥15 days of the past 30; or (2) hookah ≥10 of the past 30 days (due to lower frequency of use). Of 99 participants recruited, 80 consented, and 60 participated.

Polytobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use patterns in college students: A latent class analysis.

Limited research has examined polysubstance use profiles among young adults focusing on the various tobacco products currently available. We examined use patterns of various tobacco products, marijuana, and alcohol using data from the baseline survey of a multiwave longitudinal study of 3418 students aged 18-25 recruited from seven U.S.