Artificial Intelligence-based Segmentation of Residual Pancreatic Cancer in Resection Specimens Following Neoadjuvant Treatment (ISGPP-2): International Improvement and Validation Study.

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has become routine in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Pathologists examine pancreatic cancer resection specimens to evaluate the effect of NAT. However, an automated scoring system to objectively quantify residual pancreatic cancer (RPC) is currently lacking.

The earliest events in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer: exome sequencing of sessile serrated lesions with a tiny focus dysplasia or cancer reveals recurring mutations in two distinct progression pathways.

Around 15-30% of colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). After many years of indolent growth, SSLs can develop dysplasia and rapidly progress to CRC through events that are only partially understood. We studied molecular events at the very early stages of progression of SSLs via the MLH1-proficient and deficient pathways to CRC.

Interobserver, intraobserver, and interlaboratory variability in reporting pT4a colon cancer.

Clinical significance of the pT4 category in colon cancer is increasing with several therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in diagnosing pT4a colon cancer. Twelve pathologists classified 66 preselected scanned Hematoxylin/Eosin-stained slides with tumor cells at a distance of 25-1500 μm (n = 22), 0-25 μm (n = 22), or on (n = 22) the peritoneal surface.

Histologic Factors Associated With Need for Surgery in Patients With Pedunculated T1 Colorectal Carcinomas.

Background & Aims: Most patients with pedunculated T1 colorectal tumors referred for surgery are not found to have lymph node metastases, and were therefore unnecessarily placed at risk for surgery-associated complications. We aimed to identify histologic factors associated with need for surgery in patients with pedunculated T1 colorectal tumors.

Methods: We performed a cohort-nested matched case-control study of 708 patients diagnosed with pedunculated T1 colorectal tumors at 13 hospitals in The Netherlands, from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2014, followed for a median of 44 months (interquartile range, 20-80 months).

Apelin: A putative novel predictive biomarker for bevacizumab response in colorectal cancer.

Bevacizumab (bvz) is currently employed as an anti-angiogenic therapy across several cancer indications. Bvz response heterogeneity has been well documented, with only 10-15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients benefitting in general. For other patients, clinical efficacy is limited and side effects are significant.

[Patients with a therapy-resistant anal fissure: beware of malignancies].

In this article we describe three patients aged 53, 39 and 70 with a therapy-resistant anal fissure. Each patient was inspected under anaesthesia. In all three cases a suspicious lesion or swelling was observed and all biopsies taken showed anal malignancies.

Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic tumorigenesis: of mice and men.

Context: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Early detection is at present the only way to improve this outlook. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis, the scientific evidence for a multistaged tumor progression, and the role genetically engineered mouse models can play in recapitulating the natural course and biology of human disease.

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells (UCOCGC) of the pancreas associated with the familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM).

The familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome is caused by a germline mutation of p16. More than 90% of the sporadic pancreatic carcinomas contain genetic alterations that inactivate p16. Patients with the FAMMM syndrome have an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

[Cystadenomas with ovarian stroma in liver and pancreas: indications of embryonic migration of the gonadal epithelium].

Objective: To provide an embryological explanation for the presence of ovarian stroma in cystadenomas of the liver and pancreas.

Design: Investigation of patients and embryos.

Method: From 1997 to 2001 in the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, nine women were treated for a cystadenoma with ovarian stroma, six of which were situated in the liver and three in the tail of pancreas.

[Non-traumatic myositis ossificans circumscripta in the teres major muscle].

A 49-year-old male presented with a painful progressive swelling in his right axillar region, without further complaints, which had been present for 2 weeks. On radiological examination a peripheral circumferential zone of mineralisation was seen in the right teres major muscle. An incision biopsy specimen showed a lesion of fibroblastic tissue in which areas of osteoid and fragmented lamellar bone tissue, without signs of malignancy.

IL-10 gene therapy prevents TNBS-induced colitis.

The transfer of genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins to the intestinal mucosa is a promising new approach to the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of an adenoviral vector encoding IL-10 (AdvmuIL-10) in experimental colitis. BALB/c mice were treated with a single intravenous injection of AdvmuIL-10, empty cassette virus (Adv0) or PBS prior to the induction of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis.

Different pattern of allelic loss in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer with emphasis on the p53 tumor suppressor pathway.

Both Helicobacter pylori (HP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been implicated in carcinogenesis of the stomach. Fifty-seven gastric carcinomas were tested for microsatellite instability and allelic loss at several tumor suppressor loci using 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry for p53 and DPC4/SMAD4 was performed.

Differential susceptibility of multidrug resistance protein-1 deficient mice to DSS and TNBS-induced colitis.

The molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are incompletely characterized. MRP-1, normally expressed in the large and small bowel epithelium, serves as a multidrug resistance protein. In this report we explored the role of MRP1 in IBD.

Long-term follow-up of patients with a clinically benign extrahepatic biliary stenosis and K-ras mutation in endobiliary brush cytology.

Background: K-ras mutations in endobiliary brush cytology are an early event in carcinogenesis and justify a suspicion of malignancy in patients with extrahepatic biliary stenosis. However, K-ras mutations have been detected in specimens obtained by brushing of clinically benign extrahepatic biliary stenosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether these findings represent an early or false-positive diagnosis of cancer.

Dichotomal role of inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB 203580 in experimental colitis.

Background: Crohn's disease is characterised by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel in which proinflammatory cytokines play an important perpetuating role. Mitogen activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) has been established as a major regulator of the inflammatory response, especially with regard to production of proinflammatory cytokines, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease is unexplored. In this paper we describe the effects of a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB 203580, in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice.

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression during carcinogenesis in the human stomach.

The prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. The best-known target of these drugs is cyclooxygenase (COX); the COX-2 isoform is frequently up-regulated in gastric adenocarcinomas. Using the post-gastrectomy stomach as a model, the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein has been investigated during tumour progression in the human stomach.

Intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction: evidence of distinct clinical, pathologic, and histochemical staining features.

Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical, histologic, and histochemical staining characteristics of intestinal metaplasia (IM) at an endoscopically normal-appearing esophagogastric junction (IM-EGJ) compared with IM in a columnar-lined esophagus (IM-CLE). A prospective study included 253 patients referred for elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 2 cm above and immediately distal to the squamocolumnar junction, the gastric corpus, and the antrum.

Molecular analysis of sulindac-resistant adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Purpose: Sulindac causes the reduction of adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients, but complete regression is unusual, and breakthrough of colorectal carcinoma during sulindac treatment has been described. The molecular features related to sulindac resistance are unknown. Therefore, we investigated molecular alterations in adenomas from FAP patients with complete adenoma regression on sulindac (responsive patients) and from FAP patients with sulindac-resistant adenomas (resistant patients).

Micrometastases in bone marrow of patients with suspected pancreatic and ampullary cancer.

Aims: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the detection of micrometastases in bone marrow of patients with suspected pancreatic and ampullary cancer and to determine their predictive value on overall survival.

Methods: Between December 1997 and December 1998, 35 patients (19 male, 42-77 years) with suspected pancreatic and ampullary cancer underwent diagnostic laparoscopy as a final staging procedure before exploration. Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest at the beginning of laparoscopy.