Multimodal Imaging of Dental Pulp Healing Patterns Following Tooth Autotransplantation and Regenerative Endodontic Treatment.

Introduction: Understanding the healing process of dental pulp after tooth autotransplantation (TAT) and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) of immature teeth is important both clinically and scientifically. This study aimed to characterize the pattern of dental pulp healing in human teeth that underwent TAT and RET using state-of-the-art imaging techniques.

Materials And Methods: This study examined 4 human teeth, 2 premolars that underwent TAT, and 2 central incisors that received RET.

Analysis of age-related left ventricular collagen remodeling in living donors: Implications in arrhythmogenesis.

Age-related fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV) has been mainly studied in animals by assessing collagen content. Using second-harmonic generation microscopy and image processing, we evaluated amount, aggregation and spatial distribution of LV collagen in young to old pigs, and middle-age and elder living donors. All collagen features increased when comparing adult and old pigs with young ones, but not when comparing adult with old pigs or middle-age with elder individuals.

Unraveling the Role of the Apical Papilla During Dental Root Maturation.

The apical papilla is a stem cell rich tissue located at the base of the developing dental root and is responsible for the progressive elongation and maturation of the root. The multipotent stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) are extensively studied in cell culture since they demonstrate a high capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation and are thus an attractive stem cell source for stem cell-based therapies. Currently, only few studies are dedicated to determining the role of the apical papilla in dental root development.

Capsular resection versus capsular repair in direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Optimal exposure through the direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) conducted on a regular operating theatre table is achieved with a standardized capsular releasing sequence in which the anterior capsule can be preserved or resected. We hypothesized that clinical outcomes and implant positioning would not be different in case a capsular sparing (CS) technique would be compared to capsular resection (CR).

Methods: In this prospective trial, 219 hips in 190 patients were randomized to either the CS (n = 104) or CR (n = 115) cohort.

Glycolaldehyde-Derived High-Molecular-Weight Advanced Glycation End-Products Induce Cardiac Dysfunction through Structural and Functional Remodeling of Cardiomyocytes.

Background/aims: High-molecular-weight advanced glycation end-products (HMW-AGEs) are abundantly present in our Western diet. There is growing evidence reporting that HMW-AGEs contribute to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction in vivo, next to the well-known low-molecular-weight AGEs. The goal of our study is to assess the ultrastructure and function of cardiomyocytes after chronic exposure to HMW-AGEs.

Glycolaldehyde-modified proteins cause adverse functional and structural aortic remodeling leading to cardiac pressure overload.

Growing evidence supports the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the development of diabetic vascular complications and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We have shown that high-molecular-weight AGEs (HMW-AGEs), present in our Western diet, impair cardiac function. Whether HMW-AGEs affect vascular function remains unknown.

Gluteus Maximus Transfer as an Augmentation Technique for Patients With Severe Abductor Deficiency of the Hip.

Impaired abductor function of the hip following severe abductor deficiencies can be devastating for functionality and quality of life. Recently, gluteus maximus transfer has been proposed as a solution to these difficult problems. However, outcome results are sparse.

Rosiglitazone Protects Endothelial Cells From Irradiation-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Background And Purpose: Up to 50-60% of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy as part of their treatment strategy. However, the mechanisms accounting for increased vascular risks after irradiation are not completely understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a potential cause of radiation-induced atherosclerosis.

Hidden blood loss in direct anterior total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, double blind, randomized controlled trial on topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid.

Background: Despite a plethora of literature reporting on the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA), little is available on its effect on post-operative hidden blood loss and even less on its use in the direct anterior approach (DAA), which is gaining popularity.

Materials And Methods: This study was designed as a prospective, double blind, single centre, randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients were allocated to intravenous administration of 1.

Alpha Defensin: A Diagnostic Accuracy Depending on the Infection Definition Used.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alpha defensin qualitative detection (ADLF) sensitivity and specificity as compared with 3 standard classifications in the diagnostic management of chronic prosthetic joint infections.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter cohort of 136 patients with a painful arthroplasty was classified into either infected or noninfected according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) score, Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) score, European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) score. The sensitivity and specificity of the ADLF test were calculated for each score.

Dental Tissue and Stem Cells Revisited: New Insights From the Expression of Fibroblast Activation Protein-Alpha.

Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) is a membrane protein with dipeptidyl-peptidase and type I collagenase activity and is expressed during fetal growth. At the age of adolescence, FAPα expression is greatly reduced, only emerging in pathologies associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. We determined whether FAPα is expressed in human dental tissue involved in root maturation i.

Myofibroblast modulation of cardiac myocyte structure and function.

After myocardial infarction, resident fibroblasts (Fb) differentiate towards myofibroblasts (MyoFb), generating the scar tissue and the interstitial fibrosis seen in the adjacent myocardium. Fb and MyoFb have the potential to interact with cardiac myocytes (CMs) but insight into the phenotype-specific role and mode of interaction is still incomplete. Our objectives are to further define the modulation of CMs by MyoFbs compared to Fbs, as well as the role of direct contact through gap junctions vs.

Myofibroblast Phenotype and Reversibility of Fibrosis in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure.

Background: Interstitial fibrosis is an important component of diastolic, and systolic, dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and depends on activation and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts (MyoFb). Recent clinical evidence suggests that in late-stage HF, fibrosis is not reversible.

Objectives: The study aims to examine the degree of differentiation of cardiac MyoFb in end-stage HF and the potential for their phenotypic reversibility.

Cell Homing for Pulp Tissue Engineering with Endogenous Dentin Matrix Proteins.

Introduction: Compelling evidence pinpoints that pulp tissue engineering after the transplantation of stem cells is possible. Although intriguing, severe problems regarding clinical feasibility remain. Cell homing has been proposed as a viable alternative in which dentin-derived growth factors in a conducive scaffold may attract resident cells to form pulplike tissue.

A Modified Extensile Anterior Approach to the Acetabulum for Severe Acetabular Defects.

A modified extensile Smith-Petersen approach was used to access the acetabulum and pelvis in cases with complex acetabular defects requiring extensive reconstructions. Between 2010 and 2014, a total of 49 hips (48 patients) with a variety of acetabular defects were reconstructed using highly porous hemispherical acetabular cups and different reconstruction methods. Preoperative diagnoses included isolated aseptic loosening of the acetabular component, aseptic loosening of both acetabular and femoral components, infection, and other.

Pyridoxamine improves survival and limits cardiac dysfunction after MI.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a key role in the progression of heart failure. Whether treatments limiting AGEs formation would prevent adverse left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remain unknown. We investigated whether pyridoxamine (PM) could limit adverse cardiac outcome in MI.

Low-flow support of the chronic pressure-overloaded right ventricle induces reversed remodeling.

Background: Mechanical right ventricular (RV) support in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients has been feared to cause pulmonary hemorrhage and to be detrimental for the after-load-sensitive RV. Continuous low-flow pumps offer promise but remain insufficiently tested.

Methods: The pulmonary artery was banded in 20 sheep in this study.

Global fibroblast activation throughout the left ventricle but localized fibrosis after myocardial infarction.

Fibroblast (Fb) differentiation and interstitial fibrosis contribute to cardiac remodeling and loss of function after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated regional presence and regulation of fibrosis in a pig MI model. In vivo analysis of regional function and perfusion defined three regions: the scar, the myocardium adjacent to the scar (MI, reduced function, reduced perfusion reserve), and the remote myocardium (MI, minimal functional deficit, maintained perfusion).

Diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection with alpha-defensin using a lateral flow device: a multicentre study.

Aims: The purpose of this current multicentre study is to analyse the presence of alpha-defensin proteins in synovial fluid using the Synovasure lateral flow device and to determine its diagnostic reliability and accuracy compared with the prosthetic joint infection (PJI) criteria produced by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS).

Patients And Methods: A cohort of 121 patients comprising 85 total knee arthroplasties and 36 total hip arthroplasties was prospectively evaluated between May 2015 and June 2016 in three different orthopaedic centres. The tests were performed on patients with a chronically painful prosthesis undergoing a joint aspiration in a diagnostic pathway or during revision surgery.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Their Potential in Reinnervation and Angiogenesis by Using Scaffolds.

Dental pulp is a highly vascularized and innervated tissue containing a heterogeneous stem cell population with multilineage differentiation potential. Current endodontic treatments focus on the preservation of the pulp tissue and the regeneration of dental pulp after pathological insults. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are currently investigated as stem cell-based therapy for pulp regeneration and for peripheral nerve injury in which neurons and Schwann cells display limited regenerative capacity.

Distal Extension of the Anterior Approach to the Hip Using the Femoral Interbundle Technique: Surgical Technique and Case Series.

Background: The direct anterior approach (DAA) is becoming more popular as the standard surgical approach for primary total hip arthroplasty. However, it has been associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative femoral fractures in particular during the learning curve. Distal extension of the approach may be needed in case of intraoperative complications.

Paracrine Maturation and Migration of SH-SY5Y Cells by Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Neurological disorders are characterized by neurodegeneration and/or loss of neuronal function, which cannot be adequately repaired by the host. Therefore, there is need for novel treatment options such as cell-based therapies that aim to salvage or reconstitute the lost tissue or that stimulate host repair. The present study aimed to evaluate the paracrine effects of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on the migration and neural maturation of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

The Direct Anterior Approach for Complex Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Extensile Acetabular Approach on a Regular Operating Room Table.

Background: The direct anterior approach on a regular operating room table has been reported with low dislocation rates. This might be beneficial for complex primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) such as in patients with cerebral palsy or following femoral or pelvic osteotomies. Extending the approach is often required to overcome problems such as acetabular deformities or severe contractures.