Non-Abelian topological order and anyons on a trapped-ion processor.

Non-Abelian topological order is a coveted state of matter with remarkable properties, including quasiparticles that can remember the sequence in which they are exchanged. These anyonic excitations are promising building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, despite extensive efforts, non-Abelian topological order and its excitations have remained elusive, unlike the simpler quasiparticles or defects in Abelian topological order.

Loss of Muscle Mass and Strength After Hip Fracture: an Intervention Target for Nutrition Supplementation.

Purposeof Review: To summarize what is known about the deleterious effect of hip fracture on muscle mass and strength as well as the scientific evidence for post-surgical nutrition supplementation to maintain muscle and improve function.

Recent Findings: This review provides a discussion of the relationship between muscle mass, strength, and physical function following hip fracture, briefly describes the approaches to measuring lean mass, discusses prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition among older men and women with hip fracture, and reviews the effects of essential amino acids on muscle. Loss of muscle mass and strength following hip fracture is substantial with consequences for recovery of functional independence.

Airway Epithelial Cultures of Children with Esophageal Atresia as a Model to Study Respiratory Tract Disorders.

Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare birth defect in which respiratory tract disorders are a major cause of morbidity. It remains unclear whether respiratory tract disorders are in part caused by alterations in airway epithelial cell functions such as the activity of motile cilia. This can be studied using airway epithelial cell culture models of patients with EA.

Volume-Law to Area-Law Entanglement Transition in a Nonunitary Periodic Gaussian Circuit.

We consider Gaussian quantum circuits that alternate unitary gates and postselected weak measurements, with spatial translation symmetry and time p eriodicity. We show analytically that such models can host different kinds of measurement-induced phase transitions detected by entanglement entropy, by mapping the unitary gates and weak measurements onto Möbius transformations. We demonstrate the existence of a log-law to area-law transition, as well as a volume-law to area-law transition at a finite measurement amplitude.

Protocol for generating airway organoids from 2D air liquid interface-differentiated nasal epithelia for use in a functional CFTR assay.

We present a protocol to generate organoids from air-liquid-interface (ALI)-differentiated nasal epithelia. We detail their application as cystic fibrosis (CF) disease model in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) assay. We describe steps for isolation, expansion and cryostorage of nasal brushing-derived basal progenitor cells, and their differentiation in ALI cultures.

Clinical and paraclinical features of small fiber neuropathy in Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome is a potentially treatable cause of Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN)-a condition that severely affects patients' quality of life. We therefore aimed to characterize patients with SFN and Sjögren's syndrome to raise awareness of this disease and facilitate its early recognition as an essential step for appropriate treatment. In 97 SFN patients (median age 48 years, 77% female), we studied the clinical features associated with Sjögren's syndrome compared to the idiopathic SFN subtype.

Impact of distance monitoring service in managing healthcare demand: a case study through the lens of cocreation.

Background: There is a consensus among healthcare providers, academics, and policy-makers that spiraling demand and diminishing resources are threatening the sustainability of the current healthcare system. Different telemedicine services are seen as potential solutions to the current challenges in healthcare. This paper aims to identify how distance monitoring services rendered for patients with chronic conditions can affect the escalating demand for healthcare.

Individuals' Perceptions as a Substitute for Guidelines and Evidence: Interview Study Among Clinicians on How They Choose Between In-Person and Remote Consultation.

Background: Video consultation (VC) is increasingly seen as a cost-effective way of providing outpatient care in the face of dwindling resources and growing demand for health care worldwide. Therefore, the sustainable implementation of VC is a phenomenon of interest to medical practitioners, researchers, and citizens alike. Studies are often criticized for not being sufficiently robust because the research settings are mostly small-scale pilot projects and are unable to reflect long-term implementation.

LARAMOTIONS: a conceptual study on laser networks for near-term collision avoidance for space debris in the low Earth orbit.

A conceptual study has been carried out on laser station networks to enhance Space Situational Awareness and contribute to collision avoidance in the low Earth orbit by high-precision laser tracking of debris objects and momentum transfer via photon pressure from ground-based high-power lasers. Depending on the network size, geographical distribution of stations, orbit parameters, and remaining time to conjunction, multipass irradiation enhances the efficiency of photon momentum coupling by 1-2 orders of magnitude and has the potential to eventually yield a promisingly significant reduction of the collision rate in low Earth orbit.

A qualitative study of COVID-19 related reasons for delayed presentation of patients with chest pain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: In previous pandemics such as the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, it has been observed that patients with non-pandemic related complaints, delay their presentation to hospital. Similarly, delayed presentation of patients with chest pain during the COVID-19 pandemic has been documented. This qualitative study identified the COVID-19 related reasons which lead to this delay.

Essential amino acid supplementation alters the p53 transcriptional response and cytokine gene expression following total knee arthroplasty.

Reducing muscle atrophy following orthopedic surgery is critical during the postoperative period. Our previous work in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) showed that the vast majority of atrophy occurs within 2 wk following surgery and that essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation attenuates this atrophy. We used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes associated with atrophy after TKA with and without EAAs.

Cellular and morphological changes with EAA supplementation before and after total knee arthroplasty.

Investigate the underlying cellular basis of muscle atrophy (Placebo) and atrophy reduction (essential amino acid supplementation, EAAs) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients by examining satellite cells and other key histological markers of inflammation, recovery, and fibrosis. Forty-one subjects (53-76 yr) scheduled for TKA were randomized into two groups, ingesting 20 g of EAAs or placebo, twice-daily, for 7 days before TKA and for 6 wk after surgery. A first set of muscle biopsies was obtained from both legs before surgery in the operating room, and patients were randomly assigned and equally allocated to have two additional biopsies at either 1 or 2 wk after surgery.

Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Mitigates Muscle Atrophy After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Substantial muscle atrophy occurs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), resulting in decreased strength and impaired mobility. We sought to determine whether perioperative supplementation with essential amino acids (EAA) would attenuate muscle atrophy following TKA and whether the supplements were safe for ingestion in an older surgical population.

Methods: We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of 39 adults (age range, 53 to 76 years) undergoing primary unilateral TKA who ingested 20 g of EAA (n = 19) or placebo (n = 20) twice daily for 7 days preoperatively and for 6 weeks postoperatively.

Epidemiology and risk factors of peri-implantitis: A systematic review.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of peri-implantitis in the current literature. An electronic search was performed to identify publications from January 1980 until March 2016 on 9 databases. The prevalence and incidence of peri-implantitis were assessed in different subgroups of patients and the prevalences were adjusted for sample size (SSA) of studies.

Adaptive remodeling of skeletal muscle energy metabolism in high-altitude hypoxia: Lessons from AltitudeOmics.

Metabolic responses to hypoxia play important roles in cell survival strategies and disease pathogenesis in humans. However, the homeostatic adjustments that balance changes in energy supply and demand to maintain organismal function under chronic low oxygen conditions remain incompletely understood, making it difficult to distinguish adaptive from maladaptive responses in hypoxia-related pathologies. We integrated metabolomic and proteomic profiling with mitochondrial respirometry and blood gas analyses to comprehensively define the physiological responses of skeletal muscle energy metabolism to 16 days of high-altitude hypoxia (5260 m) in healthy volunteers from the AltitudeOmics project.

Evidence of a broad histamine footprint on the human exercise transcriptome.

Key Points: Histamine is a primordial signalling molecule, capable of activating cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion via specific cell surface receptors, in a variety of pathways that probably predate its more recent role in innate and adaptive immunity. Although histamine is normally associated with pathological conditions or allergic and anaphylactic reactions, it may contribute beneficially to the normal changes that occur within skeletal muscle during the recovery from exercise. We show that the human response to exercise includes an altered expression of thousands of protein-coding genes, and much of this response appears to be driven by histamine.

Tourniquet Use During Knee Replacement Surgery May Contribute to Muscle Atrophy in Older Adults.

Muscle atrophy after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) occurs at a rate of 1% per day for the first 2 wk. Our hypothesis is that tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring during TKA influences metabolism and may contribute to atrophy. Identifying pathways that are upregulated during this critical "14-d window" after surgery may help us delineate therapeutic approaches to avoid muscle loss.

Transcriptional profiling and muscle cross-section analysis reveal signs of ischemia reperfusion injury following total knee arthroplasty with tourniquet.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common and cost-effective treatment for older adults with long-standing osteoarthritis. Projections indicate that nearly 3.5 million older adults will undergo this procedure annually by the year 2030.

PO-CALC: a novel tool to correct common inconsistencies in the measurement of phenoloxidase activity.

A broad range of physiological and evolutionarily studies requires standard and robust methods to assess the strength and activity of an individual's immune defense. In insects, this goal is generally reached by spectrophotometrically measuring (pro-) phenoloxidase activity, an enzymatic and non-specific process activated after wounding and parasite infections. However, the literature surprisingly lacks a standard method to calculate these values from spectrophotometer data and thus to be able to compare results across studies.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activation during Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common remediation for knee pain from osteoarthritis (OA) and is performed 650,000 annually in the U.S. A tourniquet is commonly used during TKA which causes ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) to the lower limb but the effects of I/R on muscle are not fully understood.

Essential amino acid supplementation in patients following total knee arthroplasty.

Background: By the year 2030, 3.48 million older U.S.

AICAR administration ameliorates hypertension and angiogenic imbalance in a model of preeclampsia in the rat.

Previous studies suggest restoration of angiogenic balance can lower blood pressure and improve vascular endothelium function in models of preeclampsia. Our laboratory has recently reported exercise training mitigates hypertension in an animal model of preeclampsia, but the mechanisms are unknown. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is stimulated during exercise and has been shown to increase expression of VEGF.