Tracking the Development of Community Engagement Over Time: Realist Qualitative Study.

Background: A growing interest in engaging communities in the development of health care services and communities has not automatically led to progress or consensus as to how to engage communities successfully, despite the evidence base showing how to leverage enablers and alleviate barriers.

Objective: To bridge the gap between the evidence base and which community engagement (CE) approaches have actually been applied in practice over time, this study aims to investigate how CE approaches have changed over the past 4 years in 6 different regions in the Netherlands and citizens' and professionals' experiences underlying these changes.

Methods: For the last stage of a multiple case study following the development of CE approaches in 6 different regions in the Netherlands, a realist qualitative case study was conducted.

Program managers' perspectives on using knowledge to support population health management initiatives in their development towards health and wellbeing systems: a qualitative study.

Background: Population health management (PHM) initiatives are more frequently implemented as a means to tackle the growing pressure on healthcare systems in Western countries. These initiatives aim to transform healthcare systems into sustainable health and wellbeing systems. International studies have already identified guiding principles to aid this development.

Conceptualizing learning health systems: A mapping review.

Introduction: Health systems worldwide face the challenge of increasing population health with high-quality care and reducing health care expenditure growth. In pursuit for a solution, regional cross-sectoral partnerships aim to reorganize and integrate services across public health, health care and social care. Although the complexity of regional partnerships demands an incremental strategy, it is yet not known how learning works within these partnerships.

How to collaborate for health throughout the project timeline - a longitudinal study reflecting on implemented strategies in three projects for a healthy living environment.

Background: When improving the health of local and regional populations, cross-sector collaboration between different policy domains, non-governmental organisations and citizens themselves is needed. Previously, enabling factors and strategies have been identified to improve cross-sector collaboration for health. However, few longitudinal studies have been conducted to understand how the implementation of strategies for cross-sector collaboration changes throughout the collaboration process.

Engaging citizens in local health policymaking. A realist explorative case-study.

Background: Municipalities have been trying to involve citizens as citizen participation is thought to improve municipalities' accountability, the quality of services, and to align policies and services to communities' needs. This study examined citizens' participation preferences in policymaking by investigating their health policy priorities, expectations of involvement, and required support.

Methods: For this case-study the realist evaluation approach was applied to focus groups with citizens and to a workshop with a local panel consisting of professionals, citizens and citizen representatives.

'They need to ask me first'. Community engagement with low-income citizens. A realist qualitative case-study.

Background: Community engagement is seen as key to citizen-centred and sustainable healthcare systems as involving citizens in the designing, implementation and improvement of services and policies is thought to tailor these more closely to communities' own needs and experiences. Organizations have struggled to reach out to and involve disadvantaged citizens. This paper examines how if, why, and when low-income citizens wish to be involved.

Searching for new community engagement approaches in the Netherlands: a realist qualitative study.

Background: Community engagement is increasingly seen as key to improving healthcare systems and to increasing communities' involvement in the shaping of their own communities. This paper describes how 'community engagement' (CE) is understood and being operationalised in the Dutch healthcare system by investigating the CE approaches being implemented in six different regions and by examining engaged citizens' and professionals' experiences of those CE approaches.

Methods: For this realist study, interviews and focus groups were held with citizens (16) and professionals (42) involved in CE approaches in the six regions.

Implementing population health management: an international comparative study.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into how population health management (PHM) strategies can successfully integrate and reorganize public health, health care, social care and community services to improve population health and quality of care while reducing costs growth, this study compared four large-scale transformation programs: Greater Manchester Devolution, Vancouver Healthy City Strategy, Gen-H Cincinnati and Gesundes Kinzigtal.

Design/methodology/approach: Following the realist methodology, this explorative comparative case-study investigated PHM initiatives' key features and participants' experiences of developing such initiatives. A semi-structured interview guideline based on a theoretical framework for PHM guided the interviews with stakeholders (20) from different sectors.

Reorganizing and integrating public health, health care, social care and wider public services: a theory-based framework for collaborative adaptive health networks to achieve the triple aim.

Objective: Population health management (PHM) refers to large-scale transformation efforts by collaborative adaptive health networks that reorganize and integrate services across public health, health care, social care and wider public services in order to improve population health and quality of care while at the same time reducing cost growth. However, a theory-based framework that can guide place-based approaches towards a comprehensive understanding of how and why strategies contribute to the development of PHM is lacking, and this review aims to contribute to closing this gap by identifying the key components considered to be key to successful PHM development.

Methods: We carried out a scoping realist review to identify configurations of strategies (S), their outcomes (O), and the contextual factors (C) and mechanisms (M) that explain how and why these outcomes were achieved.

Measuring Regional Quality of Health Care Using Unsolicited Online Data: Text Analysis Study.

Background: Regional population management (PM) health initiatives require insight into experienced quality of care at the regional level. Unsolicited online provider ratings have shown potential for this use. This study explored the addition of comments accompanying unsolicited online ratings to regional analyses.

Transforming towards sustainable health and wellbeing systems: Eight guiding principles based on the experiences of nine Dutch Population Health Management initiatives.

Introduction: Population Health Management initiatives are increasingly introduced, aiming to develop towards sustainable health and wellbeing systems. Yet, little is known about which strategies to implement during this development. This study provides insights into which strategies are used, why, and when, based on the experiences of nine Dutch Population Health Management initiatives.

How executives' expectations and experiences shape population health management strategies.

Background: Within Population Health Management (PHM) initiatives, stakeholders from various sectors apply PHM strategies, via which services are reorganised and integrated in order to improve population health and quality of care while reducing cost growth. This study unravelled how stakeholders' expectations and prior experiences influenced stakeholders intended PHM strategies.

Methods: This study used realist principles.

Barriers to payment reform: Experiences from nine Dutch population health management sites.

Population health management (PHM) initiatives aim for better population health, quality of care and reduction of expenditure growth by integrating and optimizing services across domains. Reforms shifting payment of providers from traditional fee-for-service towards value-based payment models may support PHM. We aimed to gain insight into payment reform in nine Dutch PHM sites.

Measuring Population Health from a Broader Perspective: Assessing the My Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Introduction: Population health perspectives increasingly focus on people's perception of resilience, ability to adapt and self-manage. The goal of this study is to determine whether the ("MyQualityOfLife.nl") survey is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the broader health perspectives at population level.

Harvesting the wisdom of the crowd: using online ratings to explore care experiences in regions.

Background: Regional population health management (PHM) initiatives need an understanding of regional patient experiences to improve their services. Websites that gather patient ratings have become common and could be a helpful tool in this effort. Therefore, this study explores whether unsolicited online ratings can provide insight into (differences in) patient's experiences at a (regional) population level.

Achieving successful community engagement: a rapid realist review.

Background: Community engagement is increasingly seen as crucial to achieving high quality, efficient and collaborative care. However, organisations are still searching for the best and most effective ways to engage citizens in the shaping of health and care services. This review highlights the barriers and enablers for engaging communities in the planning, designing, governing, and/or delivering of health and care services on the macro or meso level.

Population health management guiding principles to stimulate collaboration and improve pharmaceutical care.

Purpose A range of strategies to improve pharmaceutical care has been implemented by population health management (PHM) initiatives. However, which strategies generate the desired outcomes is largely unknown. The purpose of this paper is to identify guiding principles underlying collaborative strategies to improve pharmaceutical care and the contextual factors and mechanisms through which these principles operate.

How to Measure Population Health: An Exploration Toward an Integration of Valid and Reliable Instruments.

Population health management initiatives are introduced to transform health and community services by implementing interventions that combine various services and address the continuum of health and well-being of populations. Insight is required into a population's health to evaluate implementation of these initiatives. This study aims to determine the performance of commonly used instruments for measuring a population's experienced health and explores the assessed concepts of population health.

Comparing the Health of Populations: Methods to Evaluate and Tailor Population Management Initiatives in the Netherlands.

Health care no longer focuses solely on patients and increasingly emphasizes regions and their populations. Strategies, such as population management (PM) initiatives, aim to improve population health and well-being by redesigning health care and community services. Hence, insight into population health is needed to tailor interventions and evaluate their effects.

[A population-targeted approach to connect prevention, care and welfare: visualising the trend].

Objective: To map initiatives in the Netherlands using a population-targeted approach to link prevention, care and welfare.

Design: Descriptive investigation, based on conversations and structured interviews.

Method: We searched for initiatives in which providers in the areas of prevention, care and welfare together with health insurers and/or local authorities attempted to provide the 'triple aim': improving the health of the population and the quality of care, and managing costs.

Use of electronic medical records and quality of patient data: different reaction patterns of doctors and nurses to the hospital organization.

Background: As the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in hospitals may be challenged by different responses of different user groups, this paper examines the differences between doctors and nurses in their response to the implementation and use of EMRs in their hospital and how this affects the perceived quality of the data in EMRs.

Methods: Questionnaire data of 402 doctors and 512 nurses who had experience with the implementation and the use of EMRs in hospitals was analysed with Multi group Structural equation modelling (SEM). The models included measures of organisational factors, results of the implementation (ease of use and alignment of EMR with daily routine), perceived added value, timeliness of use and perceived quality of patient data.

Defining Population Health Management: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Population health management (PHM) has increasingly been mentioned as a concept to realize improvements in population health and quality of care while reducing cost growth (the so-called Triple Aim). The concept of PHM has been used in various settings and has been defined in different ways. This study compared the definitions of PHM used in the literature in order to improve the understanding and interpretation of the concept of PHM.

Which Triple Aim related measures are being used to evaluate population management initiatives? An international comparative analysis.

Introduction: Population management (PM) initiatives are introduced in order to create sustainable health care systems. These initiatives should focus on the continuum of health and well-being of a population by introducing interventions that integrate various services. To be successful they should pursue the Triple Aim, i.