Stable Deuterium-Tritium plasmas with improved confinement in the presence of energetic-ion instabilities.

Providing stable and clean energy sources is a necessity for the increasing demands of humanity. Energy produced by Deuterium (D) and Tritium (T) fusion reactions, in particular in tokamaks, is a promising path towards that goal. However, there is little experience with plasmas formed by D-T mixtures, since most of the experiments are currently performed in pure D.

[Transforming growth factor beta in patients with cervical artery dissection].

Objective: To evaluate transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD).

Material And Methods: TGF-β was studied by enzyme immunoassay in 74 of 336 patients with CeAD observed at the Research Center of Neurology (Moscow) from 2000 to 2021. The average patient's age at the time of TGF-β study was 41.

Delayed Development of Aneurysmal Dilatations in Patients with Extracranial Carotid Artery Dissections.

Objective: Dissection of the carotid artery (CaAD) may result in aneurysm formation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the time of onset of post-dissection extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA) following CaAD, and to analyse independent risk factors for the development of these aneurysms.

Methods: From four European stroke centres, 360 patients with extracranial CaAD were included.

[Aneurysms and pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries in patients with dissection of these vessels: a results of long-term study].

Objective: To study the frequency, angiographic and clinical features of aneurysms and tortuosity (T) in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) dissection.

Material And Methods: Three hundred and twenty-seven patients (average age - 37.8±9.

[Internal carotid artery dissection in patients with Turner's syndrome].

Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) due to arterial wall weakness (dysplasia) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke (IS) at a young age. A rare and little known cause of CeAD is Turner's syndrome (TS)-is an inherited disease caused by completely or partially missing X chromosome. In this paper, we describe 2 female patients, aged 27 and 33 years, with genetically confirmed TS (karyotype 45X0) and internal carotid artery dissection(ICAD).

[Primary vasculitis of internal carotid and vertebral arteries: a role of cytokines, transforming growth factor beta 1 and basic fibroblast growth factor].

Objective: To study clinical/laboratory signs of primary vasculitis (PV) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA).

Material And Methods: We examined 31 patients (23 men, 74%, mean age - 36.2±5.

[Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids].

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, mainly affecting the brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord. The clinical picture includes gradually developing ataxia, double vision, dysarthria, pyramidal and cognitive impairment. Morphological examination reveals T-cell perivascular lymphocytic infiltration with CD4 lymphocytes predominance over CD8 lymphocytes.

Ion temperature measurement techniques using fast sweeping retarding field analyzer (RFA) in strongly intermittent ASDEX Upgrade tokamak plasmas.

This manuscript presents a new method of interpreting the ion temperature (T) measurement with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) that accounts for the intermittent/turbulent nature of the scrape off layer (SOL) plasmas in tokamaks. Fast measurements and statistical methods are desirable for an adequate description of random fluctuations caused by such intermittent events as edge localized modes (ELMs) and blobs. We use a RFA that can sweep its current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with up to 10 kHz.

[Intracerebral hemorrhage in the late period of internal carotid artery dissection].

Cervical artery dissection is the common cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-age patients. According to our previous studies, dissection is related to arterial wall dysplastic changes, which in their turn are due to mitochondrial cytopathy. The authors describe three male patients who at the age of 53, 25 and 35 years underwent internal artery (ICA) dissection with occlusion of its lumen and subsequent recanalization in one of them.

[Intimal rupture of the displastic middle cerebral artery wall complicated by thrombosis and fatal ischemic stroke].

The authors present a clinical-morphological observation of the 47-year old man with a severe fatal ischemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery thrombosis which developed at the site of intimal rupture. The cause of intimal rupture was the arterial wall dysplastic changes. There were no signs of atherosclerosis and hypercoagulation.

Design of multichord Hα detector arrays for the U-3M torsatron and identification of rotating plasma perturbations.

An Hα camera has been designed and installed in the U-3M torsatron for spatially and temporally resolved measurements. This device provides fast measurements of the emission brightness profile in the noisy environment of the radio frequency (RF) heated plasma. Unusual topology of diagnostics and the data acquisition system are applied.

[Middle and anterior cerebral arteries dissection as a cause of ischemic stroke in a 7-year-old boy].

Authors describe a 7-year-old boy, who developed a severe right-sided hemiparesis, aphasia, seizure, and confusion state during sport games. There was no headache. Allergic dermatitis in the past medical history and influenza vaccination 2 weeks before stroke were recorded.

[Neck pain and headache as the only manifestation of cervical artery dissection].

Objective: To analyze clinical and neuroimaging data in patients with neck pain and headache as the only manifestation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection (ICAD) and vertebral artery (VA) dissection (VAD).

Material And Methods: One hundred and sixty-one patients (mean age - 37.4±4,99 years, 84 women, 52%) with cervical artery dissection (CAD) verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled.

Plasma current start-up by the outer ohmic heating coils in the Saskatchewan TORus Modified (STOR-M) iron core tokamak.

A plasma current up to 15 kA has been driven with outer ohmic heating (OH) coils in the STOR-M iron core tokamak. Even when the inner OH coil is disconnected, the outer OH coils alone can induce the plasma current as primary windings and initial breakdown are even easier in this coil layout. This result suggests a possibility to use an iron core in a spherical tokamak to start up the plasma current without a central solenoid.

[Internal carotid artery dissection as a cause of severe ischemic stroke with lethal outcome].

We present a medical history of a 30-year old male patient with fatal ischemic stroke, resulting from the right internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection provoked by repeated head tilts and verified by magnetic resonance imaging and pathomorphological examination. At admission, the high level of creatine phosphokinase (5284 un/ml, normal level<171) in the blood was found, the coagulation parameters were normal. Autopsy revealed intramural hematoma (IMH), which was located between the media and adventitia of the arterial wall, began at 3 cm above the common carotid artery bifurcation and extended to the base of the skull.

Surgical treatment of severe spondylogenic cervical myelopathy by laminoplasty.

Aim: The objective of this study is to analyze the results of surgical treatment of patients with cervical myelopathy by laminoplasty.

Material And Methods: The experience of surgical treatment of 30 patients (mean age 59.4) with cervical stenosis complicated with myelopathy was analyzed.

[Clinical characteristics of internal carotid and vertebral arteries dissection].

Objective: To compare demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics of patients with internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) and vertebral artery dissection (VAD) in a Russian population.

Material And Methods: One hundred fifty-two consecutive patients (74 males, 49%; mean age - 37.0±10.

[Vertebral artery dissection: peculiarities of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations].

The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and neuroimaging manifestations of vertebral artery (VA) dissection. Twenty seven patients (19 men, 8 women, mean age 34.1±6.

Determination of radial location of rotating magnetic islands by use of poloidal soft x-ray detector arrays in the STOR-M tokamak.

A technique is presented for determining the radial location of the rotating magnetic islands in the STOR-M tokamak by use of soft x-ray (SXR) detector arrays. The location is determined by examining the difference in the integrated SXR emission intensities through two adjacent lines of sight. A model for calculating dependence of the line integrated SXR emission intensity on the radius, the mode numbers and the magnetic island geometry, has been developed.

Retarding field energy analyzer for the Saskatchewan Torus-Modified plasma boundary.

The retarding field energy analyzer (RFA) is a simple and reliable diagnostic technique to measure the ion temperature in the scrape-off layer and edge of magnetic fusion devices. Design and operation features of a single-sided (facing the ion flow) RFA for ion temperature measurements in the Saskatchewan Torus-Modified (STOR-M) tokamak are described. Its compact size (21 x 15 x 20 mm3) allows RFA measurements without perturbing plasma significantly.

Diamagnetic measurements in the STOR-M tokamak by a flux loop system exterior to the vacuum vessel.

Diamagnetic measurements of poloidal beta have been performed in the STOR-M tokamak by a flux loop placed exterior to the vacuum chamber with compensation for the vacuum toroidal field using a nonenclosing coplanar coil, and vibrational compensation from auxiliary coils. It was found that in STOR-M conditions (20% toroidal magnetic field decay over discharge) there is significant influence on the diamagnetic flux measurements from strong residual signals, presumably from image currents being induced by the toroidal field coils, requiring further compensation. A blank (nonplasma) shot is used specifically to eliminate the residual component which is not proportional to the toroidal magnetic field.

Design and initial operation of multichord soft x-ray detection arrays on the STOR-M tokamak.

Two miniature pinhole camera arrays for spatially and temporally resolved measurements of soft x-ray emission have been designed and installed on the STOR-M tokamak. Each array consists of a photodiode array, with one array viewing vertically and one viewing horizontally through a plasma cross section. Preamplifiers with fixed gains of 10(5) VA and custom built amplifiers with variable gains are used for signal amplification.