Unusual Low-Energy Collective Charge Excitations in High- Cuprate Superconductors.

Despite decades of intensive experimental and theoretical efforts, the physics of cuprate high-temperature superconductors in general, and, in particular, their normal state, is still under debate. Here, we report our investigation of low-energy charge excitations in the normal state. We find that the peculiarities of the electronic band structure at low energies have a profound impact on the nature of the intraband collective modes.

Multiple-current states in a multicomponent superconducting channel.

It is well-established that multicomponent superconductors can host different nonstandard phenomena such as broken-time reversal symmetry (BTRS) states, exotic Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phases, the fractional Josephson effect as well as plenty of topological defects like phase solitons, domain walls and unusual vortex structures. We show that in the case of a two-component superconducting quasi-one-dimensional channel this catalogue can be extended by a novel inhomogeneous current state, which we have termed as a multiple-state, characterized by the coexistence of two different interpenetrating Cooper pair condensates with different total momenta. Within the Ginzburg-Landau formalism for a dirty two-band superconductor with sizable impurity scattering treated in the Born-approximation we reveal that under certain conditions, the occurrence of multiple-states can induce a cascade of transitions involving switching between them and the homogeneous BTRS (non-BTRS) states and vice versa leading this way to a complex interplay of homogeneous and inhomogeneous current states.

The p-rpS6-zone delineates wounding responses and the healing process.

The spatial boundaries of tissue response to wounding are unknown. Here, we show that in mammals, the ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is phosphorylated in response to skin injury, forming a zone of activation surrounding the region of the initial insult. This p-rpS6-zone forms within minutes after wounding and is present until healing is complete.

From Gut to Blood: Spatial and Temporal Pathobiome Dynamics during Acute Abdominal Murine Sepsis.

Abdominal sepsis triggers the transition of microorganisms from the gut to the peritoneum and bloodstream. Unfortunately, there is a limitation of methods and biomarkers to reliably study the emergence of pathobiomes and to monitor their respective dynamics. Three-month-old CD-1 female mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce abdominal sepsis.

Muscle-Specific Micro-Ribonucleic Acids miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-133b Reflect Muscle Regeneration After Single-Dose Zoledronic Acid Following Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rodent Chronic Defect Model.

Background: Zoledronic acid improves bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties after chronic rotator cuff repair (RCR) in rats. Besides the positive effects of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture, bisphosphonates have positive effects on skeletal muscle function.

Purposes/hypothesis: The purposes of this study were to (1) longitudinally evaluate circulating bone- and muscle-specific serum micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and (2) investigate supraspinatus muscle tissue after tenotomy and delayed RCR in a rat model.

An Early Myelosuppression in the Acute Mouse Sepsis Is Partly Outcome-Dependent.

Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to bacterial infections by expansion to myeloid cells. Sepsis impairs this process by suppressing differentiation of stem cells subsequently contributing to an ineffective immune response. Whether the magnitude of HSPCs impairment in sepsis is severity-dependent remains unknown.

Cecal Ligation and Puncture.

Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is referred to as the "gold standard" rodent model for abdominal sepsis. CLP creates a continuously leaking, polymicrobial infectious focus in the abdomen. The abdominal cavity is opened under general anesthesia and analgesia and the cecum is exposed, ligated underneath the ileocecal valve, and punctured with a needle.

The bone is the major source of high circulating intact fibroblast growth factor-23 in acute murine polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecum ligation puncture.

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), a bone-produced hormone, plays a critical role in mineral homeostasis. Human diseases associated with excessive intact circulating FGF23 (iFGF23) result in hypophosphatemia and low vitamin D hormone in patients with normal kidney function. In addition, there is accumulating evidence linking FGF23 with inflammation.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy fighting polymicrobial infections - a journey from in vitro to in vivo.

Rapidly evolving multidrug resistance renders conventional antimicrobial strategies increasingly inefficient. This urges the exploration of alternative strategies with a lower potential of resistance development to control microbial infections. A promising option is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), especially in the setting of wound infections.

Comparison of post-traumatic changes in circulating and bone marrow leukocytes between BALB/c and CD-1 mouse strains.

This manuscript emerged from a larger third-party funded project investigating a new poly-trauma model and its influence upon secondary sepsis. The present sub-study compared selected leukocyte subpopulations in the circulation and bone marrow after polytrauma in BALB/c versus CD-1 mice. Animals underwent unilateral femur fracture, splenectomy and hemorrhagic shock.

The influence of substituents on gelation and stacking order of oligoaramid - based supramolecular networks.

Self-assembly has proven to be a powerful tool for functional, smart materials such as hydrogels derived from low molecular weight compounds. However, the targeted design of functional gelators remains difficult. Here, we present a set of four Y-shaped aromatic amide tetramers with varying functionalities able to undergo different non-covalent interactions.

The Fluctuations of Leukocytes and Circulating Cytokines in Septic Humanized Mice Vary With Outcome.

Sepsis remains a major challenge in translational research given its heterogeneous pathophysiology and the lack of specific therapeutics. The use of humanized mouse chimeras with transplanted human hematopoietic cells may improve the clinical relevance of pre-clinical studies. However, knowledge of the human immuno-inflammatory response during sepsis in humanized mice is scarce; it is unclear how similar or divergent mouse and human-origin immuno-inflammatory responses in sepsis are.

Splenectomy modulates early immuno-inflammatory responses to trauma-hemorrhage and protects mice against secondary sepsis.

In polytrauma patients, the impact of splenectomy is equivocal, ranging from negative to protective. We investigated the impact of splenectomy on immune responses in the 1-hit polytrauma alone and on survival in the post-traumatic sepsis (2 hit). Female BALB/c mice underwent polytrauma (1 hit) consisting of either a) TH: femur fracture, hemorrhagic shock or b) TSH: splenectomy, femur fracture, hemorrhagic shock.

Correction to: Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.

Minimum quality threshold in pre-clinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis.

Background: Pre-clinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of pre-clinical models of sepsis has not been done and clear modeling guidelines are lacking.

Objective: To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on pre-clinical sepsis modeling was held in Vienna in May 2017.

Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS): An International Expert Consensus Initiative for Improvement of Animal Modeling in Sepsis.

Preclinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of preclinical models of sepsis has not been done and clear modeling guidelines are lacking. To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on preclinical sepsis modeling was held in Vienna in May, 2017.

Part I: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Study Design and Humane Modeling Endpoints.

Preclinical animal studies are mandatory before new treatments can be tested in clinical trials. However, their use in developing new therapies for sepsis has been controversial because of limitations of the models and inconsistencies with the clinical conditions. In consideration of the revised definition for clinical sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3), a Wiggers-Bernard Conference was held in Vienna in May 2017 to propose standardized guidelines on preclinical sepsis modeling.

Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis.

Purpose: Pre-clinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical sepsis definitions and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of pre-clinical models of sepsis has not been done and clear modeling guidelines are lacking. To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on pre-clinical sepsis modeling was held in Vienna in May, 2017.

Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants SkQ1 and MitoTEMPO Failed to Exert a Long-Term Beneficial Effect in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis.

Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species have been deemed an important contributor in sepsis pathogenesis. We investigated whether two mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mtAOX; SkQ1 and MitoTEMPO) improved long-term outcome, lessened inflammation, and improved organ homeostasis in polymicrobial murine sepsis. 3-month-old female CD-1 mice ( = 90) underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and received SkQ1 (5 nmol/kg), MitoTEMPO (50 nmol/kg), or vehicle 5 times post-CLP.

Signatures of a magnetic field-induced unconventional nematic liquid in the frustrated and anisotropic spin-chain cuprate LiCuSbO.

Modern theories of quantum magnetism predict exotic multipolar states in weakly interacting strongly frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with ferromagnetic nearest neighbor (NN) inchain exchange in high magnetic fields. Experimentally these states remained elusive so far. Here we report strong indications of a magnetic field-induced nematic liquid arising above a field of ~13 T in the edge-sharing chain cuprate LiSbCuO ≡ LiCuSbO.

Selective mass enhancement close to the quantum critical point in BaFe(As P ).

A quantum critical point (QCP) is currently being conjectured for the BaFe(As P ) system at the critical value x  ≈ 0.3. In the proximity of a QCP, all thermodynamic and transport properties are expected to scale with a single characteristic energy, given by the quantum fluctuations.

Coupled multiple-mode theory for s pairing mechanism in iron based superconductors.

We investigate the interplay between the magnetic and the superconducting degrees of freedom in unconventional multi-band superconductors such as iron pnictides. For this purpose a dynamical mode-mode coupling theory is developed based on the coupled Bethe-Salpeter equations. In order to investigate the region of the phase diagram not too far from the tetracritical point where the magnetic spin density wave, (SDW) and superconducting (SC) transition temperatures coincide, we also construct a Ginzburg-Landau functional including both SC and SDW fluctuations in a critical region above the transition temperatures.

With mouse age comes wisdom: A review and suggestions of relevant mouse models for age-related conditions.

Ageing is a complex multifactorial process that results in many changes in physiological changes processes that ultimately increase susceptibility to a wide range of diseases. As such an ageing population is resulting in a pressing need for more and improved treatments across an assortment of diseases. Such treatments can come from a better understanding of the pathogenic pathways which, in turn, can be derived from models of disease.