Participatory Design of a Mobile App to Safeguard Mental Resilience in the Context of Drug Use in Young Adults: Multi-Method Study.

Background: Existing mental health apps are largely not aimed at generally healthy young people who may be experimenting with addictive substances and mind-altering experiences.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the interest and expectations of young people regarding a proposed smartphone app designed to help protect and promote mental health and resilience in the face of risks associated with substance use.

Methods: The study was based on agile system development and had 3 empirical substudies.

Second trimester ultrasound prenasal thickness combined with nasal bone length: a new method of Down syndrome screening.

Objective: To evaluate ultrasound prenasal thickness (PT) as a way of enhancing the Down syndrome (DS) screening performance of second-trimester nasal bone (NB) length measurement.

Methods: Twenty-one DS and 500 normal fetuses were scanned at 14-27 weeks' gestation. The affected karyotype was known to the person performing the scan.

All five digits of the hands of fetuses with Down syndrome are short.

Objective: To compare mid-gestation sonographic measurements of all five digits of the hands of fetuses with Down syndrome with those of normal controls.

Methods: Twenty-nine fetuses between 17 and 26 weeks' gestation which had been confirmed by karyotyping to have Down syndrome were included in this prospective study. Each fetus was scanned once and the digits of only one hand were measured.

Comparison of pregnancy outcome of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) expressed in NT MoM or delta-NT.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT) expressed in multiples of the median (MoM) or delta-NT.

Methods: Included in the study were euploid fetuses with increased NT >or= 95(th) centile, for which information about pregnancy outcome was available. The following parameters were defined as an adverse outcome: miscarriage, structural anomalies justifying termination of pregnancy, and structural anomalies, genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental problems diagnosed postnatally.

A model for disclosing the first trimester part of an integrated Down's syndrome screening test.

This study was designed to evaluate a model for disclosing the first part of an integrated Down's syndrome (DS) test without affecting its low false-positive results. Parturient women underwent sequential DS-screening tests. They included nuchal translucency (NT) and biochemistry assessments in the first trimester and a mid-gestation triple test.

Correlation and overlapping between nuchal translucency and triple test among Down syndrome-affected pregnancies.

Objectives: To examine the correlation and extent of overlapping between first-trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and second-trimester triple test (TT) results in Down syndrome (DS)-affected pregnancies.

Methods: Results of both tests were obtained in 28 cases with DS. Inter-test correlation was performed by comparing the likelihood ratios (LRs).

Bedside estimation of Down syndrome risk during first-trimester ultrasound screening.

Objective: To construct tables for 'bedside' estimation of Down syndrome risk based on maternal age and nuchal translucency measurements.

Methods: Likelihood ratios were calculated using the log multiple of median Gaussian model. The parameters for the model (mean and standard deviation) were derived from 5560 normal and 51 Down syndrome-affected pregnancies scanned during the first trimester in three different centers.

Nuchal translucency measurements in consecutive normal pregnancies. Is there a predisposition to increased levels?

Objective: The current study aims to assess the relative risk of isolated increased nuchal translucency (NT) in consecutive normal pregnancies.

Methods: A retrospective search of the fetal medicine unit database in which NT assessment was conducted. Only singleton fetuses with an unremarkable pregnancy outcome were included in this study.

Prenatal age-specific reference intervals for measuring all five digits of the fetal hand.

Objective: To construct prenatal age-specific reference intervals for measurement of five digits in normal fetuses.

Patients And Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of fetuses assessed at an antenatal ultrasound unit in a university-affiliated general hospital. The study cohort comprised 302 pregnant women attending our clinic for routine fetal biometry or anomaly scan between December 1997 and June 2000.

Comparison between disclosure and non-disclosure approaches for trisomy 21 screening tests.

Background: First-trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and second-trimester triple test (TT) are common screening programmes for trisomy 21. The aim of this study was to compare disclosure and non-disclosure approaches of combining those tests.

Methods: Likelihood ratios of both NT and TT tests, among 508 normal and 23 trisomy 21-affected pregnancies, were used for calculating population-adjusted risks.

Nuchal translucency measurement and pregnancy outcome after assisted conception versus spontaneously conceived twins.

Background: Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement for Down's syndrome screening or detecting various fetal anomalies is a reliable sonographic marker. This study evaluates the contribution of NT screening in spontaneously conceived and assisted conception twin pregnancies.

Methods And Results: Maternal age at measurement, chorionicity, ultrasound features, karyotype results and pregnancy outcome were recorded prospectively and compared in 83 assisted reproduction treatment and 91 spontaneously conceived twins.

[Prenatal Down's syndrome screening at 10-14 weeks gestation using the combined nuchal translucency and maternal serum biochemistry: preliminary results of the first 358 cases].

We report our preliminary experience of prenatal screening for Down's syndrome (DS) using nuchal translucency (NT) measurement combined with the serum biochemistry analysis of Free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (F beta hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) all measurement at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Of the 358 parturient women which enrolled in the study, 9 cases were not included because of fetal anomalies or miscarriages. Thus the study group included 349 singleton pregnancies in which complete prenatal and infant follow-up was available.

[Screening for Down's syndrome at week 10-14 by measuring fetal nuchal translucency thickness].

Increased fetal muchal translucency (NT) thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation may indicate underlying fetal chromosomal abnormalities, anatomical anomalies and genetic syndromes. Between January 1997 and May 1998, 1400 women 10-14 weeks pregnant underwent sonographic screening for detection of Down's syndrome (DS). Follow-up was complete in 1208 (86%).

Does a 'notched' nuchal translucency indicate Down syndrome fetuses or other adverse pregnancy outcome?

The aim of the present study was to assess the sonographic contour of the increased nuchal translucency (NT) and to correlate this with pregnancy outcome. Fifty sonographic images of fetuses with increased NT [> 95th centile thickness of the normal range for crown-rump length (CRL) between 38 and 84 mm] were retrospectively assessed. In all the cases a complete pregnancy and even infancy follow-up (< 36 months) was available.

Reconstructed measurements produced from ultrasound images using a computerized system.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of reconstructed measurements produced from video-printed ultrasound images.

Design: Reproduction of reconstructed measurements using designated software and comparison of the results with regular measurements derived from the same images.

Subjects: Seventy regular sonographic examinations of biparietal diameter (BPD) and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness.

Three-dimensional vaginal sonography in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Great strides have recently been made in obstetrics and gynaecology secondary to the development of high-performance transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) instruments. However, even this advanced technology can provide only two-dimensional (2D) views of three-dimensional (3D) structures. Although an experienced examiner can easily piece together sequential 2D planes for creating a mental 3D image, individual sectional planes cannot be achieved in a 2D image because of various difficulties.

Combined first trimester nuchal translucency and second trimester biochemical screening tests among normal pregnancies.

We prospectively examined whether first trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and second trimester triple test (TT) results are correlated, and determined overlapping and mutual screen-positive rates. Results of NT, TT, amniocentesis and pregnancy outcome were obtained in 508 normal pregnancies. Inter-test correlation was performed by comparing the likelihood ratios (LR).

Pregnancy outcome and infant follow-up of fetuses with abnormally increased first trimester nuchal translucency.

The numbers of fetuses with an abnormal increased first trimester nuchal translucency (NT) but a confirmed normal anatomy and karyotyping is relatively small and therefore a challenge for prenatal counselling. The aim of the current study was to assess the long-term pregnancy outcome and infancy prognosis of 78 fetuses with NT > 95th centile of the normal range for crown-rump length (CRL). The most common abnormalities in this group were aneuploidy, which affected 32 of the fetuses followed by four and three cases which were miscarried or had cardiac defects respectively.

[Pregnancy outcome in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of pregnancy].

Increased thickness of fetal nuchal translucency (TNT) measured at 10-14 weeks of gestation, may suggest underlying fetal chromosomal defects, structural abnormalities or genetic syndromes. We examined the relationship between increased TNT and pregnancy outcome, especially in fetuses with normal karyotypes. 1400 pregnant women underwent first trimester scanning and screening for chromosomal abnormalities and measurement of fetal TNT.

On-to-on versus on-to-out nuchal translucency measurements.

Objective: To analyze variables affecting the differences between on-to-on and on-to-out methods of nuchal translucency measurement.

Design: Prospective comparison of two methods of caliper placement.

Subjects: A total of 245 women undergoing transabdominal and 37 women undergoing transvaginal nuchal translucency scanning.

Implementation of nuchal translucency image-scoring method during ongoing audit.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of an ongoing audit, using the image-scoring method, to the quality of nuchal translucency images and to set the basic standards required from the examiners.

Design: Evaluation of nuchal translucency images, before, during and after the implementation of an ongoing audit, without knowledge of the time period or the examiner.

Subjects: A total of 315 nuchal translucency scans were performed by three examiners.

Conservative management of adnexal torsion in premenarchal girls.

Study Objective: To evaluate treatment of premenarchal girls with torsion of the adnexa.

Design: Retrospective review of medical records (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital.

Comparison of nuchal translucency measurement and mid-gestation serum screening in assisted reproduction versus naturally conceived singleton pregnancies.

It has been reported that second-trimester serum markers may be affected by assisted reproduction leading to a higher false-positive rate. The current study compares 10-14 week nuchal translucency (NT) measurement and early mid-trimester serum screening in pregnancies resulting from assisted reproduction versus naturally conceived pregnancies. 75 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy achieved by assisted reproduction underwent both 10-14 weeks NT measurement and second-trimester triple test and were followed throughout gestation.