Childhood Trauma History and Negative Social Experiences in College.

While there is literature documenting the association between childhood trauma and later sexual assault or interpersonal violence victimization, less is known about risk of less severe, but still negative, victimization experiences such as sexual harassment, hazing, and bullying in college. The goal of this study was to explore the association between self-reported childhood trauma (both personally experienced and witnessed) and negative social experiences in college-age adults (e.g.

Daily Fantasy Football and Self-Reported Problem Behavior in the United States.

Traditional, season-long fantasy sport participation has grown considerably since the late 1990s, and in an attempt to capitalize on this growing demand, daily fantasy sports (DFS) providers have created a new game where money changes hands instantly. This change has led some legal commentators and state agencies to believe the game is a form of Internet gambling similar to online poker, blackjack, and sports wagering, and thus, it requires increased regulation or even prohibition. Little is known, however, about the gambling behavior associated with DFS participation.

The legacy of fear: is fear impacting fatal and non-fatal drowning of African American children?

African American children’s rates for fatal and non-fatal drowning events are alarmingly elevated, with some age groups having three times the rate as compared to White peers. Adequate swimming skills are considered a protective agent toward the prevention of drowning, but marginalized youth report limited swimming ability. This research examined minority children’s and parents/caregivers’ fear of drowning as a possible variable associated with limited swimming ability.

Urban minority youth swimming (in)ability in the United States and associated demographic characteristics: toward a drowning prevention plan.

Objective: To examine swimming ability and variables associated with swimming for US inner-city, minority children. Empirical research on minority children's swimming ability is non-existent, and drowning rates for this population are high.

Design: Cross-sectional survey research.

Efficient transfer of chromosome-based DNA constructs into mammalian cells.

Artificial chromosomes, engineered minichromosomes and other chromosome-based DNA constructs are promising new vectors for use in gene therapy, protein production and transgenics. However, a major drawback in the application of chromosome-based DNA is the lack of a suitable and convenient procedure for large-scale cellular introduction, which is particularly frustrated by their size (1 by 2 microm). Here we present a method to transfer Artificial Chromosome Expression systems (ACEs) into mammalian cells, which relies on a combined approach of using cationic amphiphiles and high frequency ultrasound.

Expression of a reporter gene after microinjection of mammalian artificial chromosomes into pronuclei of bovine zygotes.

The introduction of mammalian artificial chromosomes (ACs) into zygotes represents an alternative, more predictive technology for the production of recombinant proteins in transgenic animals. The aim of these experiments was to examine the effects of artificial chromosome microinjection into bovine pronuclei on embryo development and reporter gene expression. Bovine oocytes aspirated from 2-5 mm size follicles were matured in vitro for 22 hr.

Efficient in-vitro transfer of a 60-Mb mammalian artificial chromosome into murine and hamster cells using cationic lipids and dendrimers.

Non-integrating artificial chromosomes represent a potentially promising approach to ex-vivo and in-vivo gene therapy applications. These large vectors require an efficient means for delivery to target cells. We have evaluated a panel of twenty-one commercially available transfection agents for their ability to mediate the in-vitro transfer of a 60-Mb murine artificial chromosome consisting of mouse major satellite DNA and a payload including a marker gene (hygromycin B) and a reporter gene (lacZ).

Generation of transgenic mice and germline transmission of a mammalian artificial chromosome introduced into embryos by pronuclear microinjection.

We have generated transgenic mice by pronuclear microinjection of a murine satellite DNA-based artificial chromosome (SATAC). As 50% of the founder progeny were SATAC-positive, this demonstrates that SATAC transmission through the germline had occurred. FISH analyses of metaphase chromosomes from mitogen-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from both the founder and progeny revealed that the SATAC was maintained as a discrete chromosome and that it had not integrated into an endogenous chromosome.

[Physical and psychological status of 60-70-year-old citizens of Bern with neurotic symptoms in childhood--a study over more than 50 years (Emmental cohort)].

The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of childhood variables (physical and emotional) to later well-being in a group of rural Swiss (Emmental Cohort). Our study is the first prospective cohort over a time period of more than 50 years. It includes 1537 children who were listed and assessed in 1942 (T1) because they had difficulties in school or were otherwise behaviorally disturbed.

Mammalian artificial chromosome pilot production facility: large-scale isolation of functional satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes.

Background: A pilot production facility has been established to isolate mammillian artificial chromosomes at high purity by using flow cytometric techniques. Dicentric chromosomes have been generated by the targeted amplification of pericentric heterochromatic and centromeric DNA by activating the "megareplicator." Breakage of these dicentric chromosomes generates satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes (SATAC) from 60 to 400 megabases.

Stability of a functional murine satellite DNA-based artificial chromosome across mammalian species.

A 60-Mb murine chromosome consisting of murine pericentric satellite DNA and two bands of integrated marker and reporter genes has been generated de novo in a rodent/human hybrid cell line (mM2C1). This prototype mammalian artificial chromosome platform carries a normal centromere, and the expression of its beta-galactosidase reporter gene has remained stable under selection for over 25 months. The novel chromosome was transferred by a modified microcell fusion method to mouse [L-M(TK-)], bovine (P46) and human (EJ30) cell lines.

Vaccination with irradiated autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor generates potent antitumor immunity in patients with metastatic melanoma.

We conducted a Phase I clinical trial investigating the biologic activity of vaccination with irradiated autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with metastatic melanoma. Immunization sites were intensely infiltrated with T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and eosinophils in all 21 evaluable patients. Although metastatic lesions resected before vaccination were minimally infiltrated with cells of the immune system in all patients, metastatic lesions resected after vaccination were densely infiltrated with T lymphocytes and plasma cells and showed extensive tumor destruction (at least 80%), fibrosis, and edema in 11 of 16 patients examined.

Characteristics of regions suspicious for pulmonary nodules at chest radiography.

Rationale And Objectives: This study was performed to determine physical characteristics of areas on chest radiographs that are suspicious but not definitive for the presence of a pulmonary nodule and the characteristics of areas that contain an obvious nodule.

Materials And Methods: Two groups of patients were identified: those who had an area at plain radiography that was suspicious for a pulmonary nodule and underwent fluoroscopy for further evaluation (138 patients, 142 areas) and those who had an obvious nodule at plain radiography who underwent computed tomography for further evaluation (72 patients, 97 areas). The measured characteristics of the region of interest included size, circularity, compactness, contrast, and location.

Defining the superior border of posterior fossa radiation treatment fields.

Purpose: Lateral posterior fossa treatment fields are usually defined on traditional simulation films based on bony landmarks. The superior field border, intended to include the apex of the tentorium cerebelli, is frequently difficult to define. While sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images or three-dimensional treatment planning tools are good means to locate the tentorial apex, these are not always available.

The Antihypertensive Properties of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Moexipril Given Alone or in Combination with a Low Dose of a Diuretic.

The antihypertensive characteristics of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor moexipril were evaluated in 413 patients with baseline setting diastolic blood pressures between 95 and 114 mm Hg. The study was double blind, with patients randomized to placebo or to differing doses of moexipril alone or in combination with a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide. Compared with placebo, moexipril 3.

The adrenergic inhibitors.

Although most of the centrally and peripherally-acting adrenergic inhibitors have been available for several years, they continue to contribute importantly to antihypertensive therapy. There are remarkably few contraindications to their use. They are useful in hypertension of all grades of severity, and are also valuable in complicated forms of hypertension, such as those associated with renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive lung disease.

Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in mild hypertension.

Abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and mass have been demonstrated in patients with mild hypertension utilizing M-mode echocardiography. In addition, studies using radionuclide angiography have demonstrated abnormalities in early diastolic LV filling in asymptomatic hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction and cardiac output. Recently, Doppler recordings of flow velocity in the ascending aorta and through the mitral valve have been shown to provide useful information about LV function.

Disparate relationships between blood pressure and left ventricular mass in patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy.

The relationship between casual blood pressure and left ventricular (LV) mass has been reported to be fairly weak in hypertensive patients. In this study we analyzed this relationship using noninvasive devices to monitor blood pressure for 24 hours in ambulatory patients and M-mode echocardiography to determine LV mass. Among the 33 patients with hypertension, 21 had echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (LV mass greater than 250 g).

The antihypertensive effect of lisinopril compared to atenolol in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

In a multicenter, parallel, double-blind study, lisinopril was compared with atenolol in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Four hundred ninety patients were randomized to a once-a-day treatment with lisinopril 20 mg or atenolol 50 mg for 4 weeks, and the doses of lisinopril or atenolol were increased up to 80 mg or 200 mg, respectively, at 4-week intervals if sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was not well controlled. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.

Effect of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension.

Reductions in left ventricular (LV) mass have been reported after antihypertensive therapy with certain sympatholytic agents and converting enzyme inhibitors, but little or no improvement has been noted after vasodilator therapy. In this study we evaluated the effect of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on echocardiographic LV mass. During a 12-month period, nitrendipine was used as monotherapy in 30 patients and in combination with propranolol or a diuretic in an additional 28 patients.