Three-dimensional wave breaking.

Although a ubiquitous natural phenomenon, the onset and subsequent process of surface wave breaking are not fully understood. Breaking affects how steep waves become and drives air-sea exchanges. Most seminal and state-of-the-art research on breaking is underpinned by the assumption of two-dimensionality, although ocean waves are three dimensional.

Slowly activating voltage-gated potassium current potentiation by ML277 is a novel cardioprotective intervention.

Cardiovascular disease is thought to account for nearly a third of deaths worldwide, with ischemic heart disease, including acute coronary syndromes such as myocardial infarction, accounting for 1.7 million deaths per year. There is a clear need for interventions to impart cardioprotection against ischemia.

Effective therapeutic components in Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) for borderline personality disorder.

The study aimed to examine the relative contribution to borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptom change of two potential effective therapeutic components in a manualized group psychotherapy (Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving; STEPPS): development of emotional/behavior regulation skills and group alliance. A repeated measures design assessed BPD symptom change over time, use of behavior and emotion regulation skills taught in STEPPS, and perceptions of global alliance within the group. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression.

Mentalizing in first-episode psychosis: Correlates with symptomatology and traits of borderline personality disorder.

Aim: To explore the associations between mentalizing, positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, and traits of borderline personality disorder, in a sample of patients with first-episode psychosis, and in a non-clinical sample.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Thirty-two adults with first-episode psychosis and 148 non-clinical participants were assessed using the reflective functioning questionnaire.

PHACTR1 modulates vascular compliance but not endothelial function: a translational study.

Aims: The non-coding locus at 6p24 located in Intron 3 of PHACTR1 has consistently been implicated as a risk allele in myocardial infarction and multiple other vascular diseases. Recent murine studies have identified a role for Phactr1 in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the role of PHACTR1 in vascular tone and in vivo vascular remodelling has yet to be established.

A novel contactless technique to measure water waves using a single photon avalanche diode detector array.

Commonly deployed measurement systems for water waves are intrusive and measure a limited number of parameters. This results in difficulties in inferring detailed sea state information while additionally subjecting the system to environmental loading. Optical techniques offer a non-intrusive alternative, yet documented systems suffer a range of problems related to usability and performance.

Omega-6:Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio and Total Fat Content of the Maternal Diet Alter Offspring Growth and Fat Deposition in the Rat.

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have been shown to inhibit lipogenesis and adipogenesis in adult rats. Their possible early life effects on offspring fat deposition, however, remain to be established. To investigate this, female Wistar rats ( = 6-9 per group) were fed either a 9:1 ratio of linoleic acid (LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or a lower 1:1.

The effect of maternal dietary fat content and -6:-3 ratio on offspring growth and hepatic gene expression in the rat.

n-6 Fatty acids have been shown to exert pro-adipogenic effects, whereas n-3 fatty acids work in opposition. Increasing intakes of linoleic acid (LA; n-6) v. α-linolenic acid (ALA; n-3) in Western diets has led to the hypothesis that consumption of this diet during pregnancy may be contributing to adverse offspring health.

Expression of cholesterol packaging and transport genes in human and rat placenta: impact of obesity and a high-fat diet.

Evidence suggests that sub-optimal maternal nutrition has implications for the developing offspring. We have previously shown that exposure to a low-protein diet during gestation was associated with upregulation of genes associated with cholesterol transport and packaging within the placenta. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of altering maternal dietary linoleic acid (LA; omega-6) to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; omega-6) ratios as well as total fat content on placental expression of genes associated with cholesterol transport.

The impact of exposure to cafeteria diet during pregnancy or lactation on offspring growth and adiposity before weaning.

Exposure to maternal obesity during early-life can have adverse consequences for offspring growth and adiposity. We aimed to assess the relative contributions of exposure to maternal obesity, induced by a highly varied cafeteria diet, during pregnancy and lactation on these measures in rat offspring prior to weaning. Female Wistar rats were fed either a control (C) or cafeteria diet (O) for 8 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation.

Environmental & load data: 1:15 Scale tidal turbine subject to a variety of regular wave conditions.

Experimental data was obtained in order to investigate the effect of waves on the loads and performance of tidal turbines. An instrumented 1:15 scale tidal turbine was installed in the FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility, and a wide range of regular wave conditions were generated; systematically varying both wave frequency and height. Waves were generated both following and opposing a fixed mean current velocity of 0.

Exposure to maternal obesity during suckling outweighs in utero exposure in programming for post-weaning adiposity and insulin resistance in rats.

Exposure to maternal obesity during early development programmes adverse metabolic health in rodent offspring. We assessed the relative contributions of obesity during pregnancy and suckling on metabolic health post-weaning. Wistar rat offspring exposed to control (C) or cafeteria diet (O) during pregnancy were cross-fostered to dams on the same (CC, OO) or alternate diet during suckling (CO, OC) and weaned onto standard chow.

Are guilt and shame in male forensic patients associated with treatment motivation and readiness?

Background: Motivation and readiness to change are important drives for forensic patients accessing interventions. It is thought that guilt and shame influence these drives, but to date, their relationship has not been empirically tested.

Aims And Hypotheses: The aim of this study is to investigate associations between guilt, shame, and treatment motivation and readiness in a sample of men in a secure hospital.

Maternal dietary ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid during pregnancy has sex-specific effects on placental and fetal weights in the rat.

Background: Increased consumption of linoleic acid (LA, omega-6) in Western diets coupled with the pro-inflammatory and adipogenic properties of its derivatives has led to suggestions that fetal exposure to this dietary pattern could be contributing to the intergenerational cycle of obesity.

Method: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal consumption of a LA to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) ratio similar to modern Western diets (9:1) compared to a lower ratio (1:1.5) on placental and fetal growth, and to determine any cumulative effects by feeding both diets at two total fat levels (18% vs 36% fat w/w).

Predictive power of the DASA-IV: Variations in rating method and timescales.

This project evaluated the predictive validity of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression - Inpatient Version (DASA-IV) in a high-secure psychiatric hospital in the UK over 24 hours and over a single nursing shift. DASA-IV scores from three sequential nursing shifts over a 24-hour period were compared with the mean (average of three scores across the 24-hour period) and peak (highest of the three scores across the 24-hour period) scores across these shifts. In addition, scores from a single nursing shift were used to predict aggressive incidents over each of the following three shifts.

Long-term patterns in interpersonal behaviour amongst psychopathic patients in secure inpatient treatment: A follow-up study.

Psychopathy is a disorder that is partly defined by with maladaptive interpersonal behaviour and has significant effects on treatment outcomes. A previous study (Draycott et al., ) found that higher levels of psychopathy led to a specific interpersonal 'trajectory' amongst patients in a secure psychiatric treatment programme during the first 9 months of their admission.

The responsiveness of novel, dynamic, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance measures of total knee synovitis after intra-articular corticosteroid for painful osteoarthritis.

Objective: Sensitive biomarkers are needed to understand synovial response to therapy in osteoarthritis (OA). Dynamic, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) provides quantitative, novel measures of synovial inflammation. This exploratory study examined DCE-assessed synovial response to intra-articular corticosteroid (IACS).

Dissonance, resistance and commitment: a pilot analysis of moderated mediation relationships.

Background: Encouraging engagement is a challenge in forensic services. A model of behaviour change suggests that dissatisfaction with the self may express itself either as resistance to or commitment to engagement in treatment, and that this expression may be moderated by the individual's attributional style.

Aims/hypotheses: It was hypothesised that there would be relationships between measures of dissonance, resistance to treatment and commitment to treatment, and that these relationships would be moderated by locus of control.

Cognitive dissonance. 2: A theoretical grounding of motivational interviewing.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to demonstrate the utility of the concept of cognitive dissonance in clinical psychology by showing how it may underlie an existing intervention. The technique of motivational interviewing (MI) is taken as an example of an area where the literature on cognitive dissonance can find such an application. The further aim of this exercise is to utilize insights from cognitive dissonance to suggest possible modifications to the intervention as it currently stands.

Cognitive dissonance. 1: An overview of the literature and its integration into theory and practice in clinical psychology.

Purpose: Clinical psychology may not be making full use of the experimental psychological research available to it. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on cognitive dissonance in order to assess its usefulness in developing and deconstructing clinical psychological therapies and practice.

Methods: Experimental, theoretical and review articles were examined in relation to their possible clinical implications, and included in this review if they related to the arousal, maintenance and reduction of the state termed cognitive dissonance.