Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals.

To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution of reproductive inequality. We show that humans exhibit lower reproductive skew (i.e.

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis.

Understanding the structure-function relationships of macromolecules, such as proteins, at the molecular level is vital for biomedicine and modern drug discovery. To date, X-ray crystallography remains the most successful method for solving three-dimensional protein structures at atomic resolution. With recent advances in serial crystallography, either using X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) or synchrotron light sources, protein crystallography has progressed to the next frontier, where the ability to acquire time-resolved data provides important mechanistic insights into the behavior of biological molecules at room temperature.

Patient Willingness to Dispose of Leftover Opioids After Surgery: A Mixed Methods Study.

Unlabelled: We examined how convenience and financial incentives influence patient willingness to dispose of leftover prescription opioids after surgery. We also identified additional barriers and facilitators to disposal.

Background: In the United States, up to 70% of surgical patients are prescribed opioids and up to 92% will have leftover tablets.

Improving Bed Utilization in a Cohort of Bariatric Surgical Patients Using a Perioperative Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Bed Triage Protocol.

Background: Postoperative bariatric management often includes high-intensity monitoring for respiratory complications since > 70% of patients have obstructive sleep apnea. Given the increasing number of bariatric surgeries, there is a need to determine safe and cost-effective processes for postoperative care.The objective of this study was to determine if a novel triage and perioperative management guideline reduces postoperative monitoring and costs following bariatric surgery.

Dignity, well-being and identity: a qualitative study of older people's interpretations of how healthcare workers speak to them.

Background: The initial interaction between an older person and a nurse, and how the older person interprets this interaction, is important and sometimes overlooked. Evidence suggests that the way healthcare workers speak to older people can negatively affect older people's well-being.

Aim: To interview community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years who had recently held a conversation with a healthcare worker and to understand the meanings older people attributed to these conversations.

Nothing about us, without us: An inclusive preparedness programme for the whole community from inception to sustainment.

Nearly one fifth of the US population has a disability that impacts their communicative, mental or physical function. There are often not enough opportunities for people with disabilities to receive basic emergency preparedness training to help them be more resilient in times of crisis as preparedness education typically targets the general population. The Kent County Health Department, in collaboration with local disability advocates and preparedness educators, developed an inclusive preparedness programme to provide basic preparedness training for the whole community.

Nurse participation in legal executions: An ethics round-table discussion.

A paper was published in 2003 discussing the ethics of nurses participating in executions by inserting the intravenous line for lethal injections and providing care until death. This paper was circulated on an international email list of senior nurses and academics to engender discussion. From that discussion, several people agreed to contribute to a paper expressing their own thoughts and feelings about the ethics of nurses participating in executions in countries where capital punishment is legal.

Greater wealth inequality, less polygyny: rethinking the polygyny threshold model.

Monogamy appears to have become the predominant human mating system with the emergence of highly unequal agricultural populations that replaced relatively egalitarian horticultural populations, challenging the conventional idea-based on the polygyny threshold model-that polygyny should be positively associated with wealth inequality. To address this polygyny paradox, we generalize the standard polygyny threshold model to a mutual mate choice model predicting the fraction of women married polygynously. We then demonstrate two conditions that are jointly sufficient to make monogamy the predominant marriage form, even in highly unequal societies.

Exploring nurses' use of language with older people.

The authors discuss ways in which nurses speak to older people. Research shows that the words nurses use can have a powerful effect on the wellbeing of older people. An experimental project developed at the University of Hull is described in which creative writing techniques were used to increase nursing students' and staff's sensitivity to the importance of language in care.

A qualitative study of recently bereaved people's beliefs about death: implications for bereavement care.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate the beliefs of recently bereaved people about death and to explore the implications of these beliefs for bereavement care.

Background: Little is known about recently bereaved people's beliefs about death, although there is evidence that these beliefs may have an impact on health. The funeral provides an opportunity for bereaved people to reflect on their beliefs about death.

An integrative review of spiritual assessment: implications for nursing management.

Aims: To describe the current 'state of the art' in relation to spiritual assessment, focusing on quantitative, qualitative and generic approaches; to explore the professional implications of spiritual assessment; and to make practical recommendations to managers seeking to promote spiritual assessment in their places of work.

Method: The paper integrates aspects of a recent systematic review of quantitative approaches to measuring spirituality and a recent meta-synthesis of qualitative research into client perspectives of spiritual needs in health and the principles of generic assessment, before drawing on the wider literature to discuss a number of professional implications and making recommendations to nurse managers.

Implications For Nursing Management: The issues to emerge from this paper are (1) that spiritual assessment is an increasingly important issue for nursing practice, (2) that the range of reliable and valid quantitative instruments for use in clinical practice is limited, (3) that there is overlap in the domains and categories of spirituality identified by quantitative and qualitative researchers, and (4) that nurse managers seeking to introduce spiritual assessment will do so in the context of a professional debate about the relevance of spirituality to contemporary practice.

The prevalence of depression in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment in Jordan.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression in pediatric oncology patients in Jordan, comparing them with peers who suffered from chronic conditions or were healthy. The authors investigated 58 children with cancer, 56 with chronic illnesses, and 64 healthy controls using the Arabic version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). There was no significant difference in CDI scores between children with cancer, children with chronic illnesses, and healthy controls.

Caring for patients with brain tumor: the patient and care giver perspectives.

Background: Patients with brain tumors form a heterogeneous group in terms of clinical presentation and pathology. However, the impact of the disease on patients' families is often more homogenous and frequently quite profound. A considerable body of literature is available on the management of brain tumors and recently, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence has developed guidelines on the care of brain tumor patients that should improve the overall outcome for the patient from both the disease and psychological aspects.

Cross-cultural validation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scale into Arabic language.

Background: A range of scales is available to measure health-related quality of life. Recently, established quality of life scales have been translated for use in a wide range of Western and non-Western cultures. One of the most widely used health-related quality of life scales for use with children is the PedsQL™ 4.

Dark light-Higgs bosons.

We study a limit of the nearly Peccei-Quinn-symmetric next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model possessing novel Higgs and dark matter (DM) properties. In this scenario, there naturally coexist three light singletlike particles: a scalar, a pseudoscalar, and a singlinolike DM candidate, all with masses of order 0.1-10 GeV.

Supporting disabled student nurses from registration to qualification: a review of the United Kingdom (UK) literature.

This paper reviews the UK evidence in relation to support for disabled student nurses from admission to qualification. The review was undertaken with a view to informing the provision of more effective support for disabled student nurses both within university and clinical practice, focusing on students with learning difficulties, mental health problems and unseen disabilities such as diabetes as these are the most commonly reported categories of disability in the Nursing and Midwifery Admissions System (NMAS). Evidence is available that highlights barriers for disabled students and provides recommendations for support strategies; however, few papers actually discuss how effective these strategies are once in place.

Fluctuation of microbial activities after influent load variations in a full-scale SBR: recovery of the biomass after starvation.

Due to variations in the production levels, a full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for post-treatment of tannery wastewater was exposed to low and high ammonia load periods. In order to study how these changes affected the N-removal capacity, the microbiology of the reactor was studied by a diverse set of techniques including molecular tools, activity tests, and microbial counts in samples taken along 3 years. The recover capacity of the biomass was also studied in a lab-scale reactor operated with intermittent aeration without feeding for 36 days.

The ethical basis of teaching spirituality and spiritual care: a survey of student nurses perceptions.

Background: There is a professional requirement for student nurses to achieve competence in the delivery of spiritual care. However, there is no research exploring students nurses perceptions of being educated in these matters.

Aim: This paper explores the ethical basis of teaching student nurses about the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care by reporting the findings from the first year of a 3 year investigation.