Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising at Sun-protected Sites.

Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are driven primarily by cumulative ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure resulting in activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, often as a result of UV-mediated Patched-1 (PTCH1) gene inactivation. Accordingly, BCCs most commonly arise at sun-exposed sites such as the head and neck. Very rarely, BCCs can arise at sun-protected sites such as the genital skin and perianal area.

Improving outcomes for very preterm babies in England: does place of birth matter? Findings from OPTI-PREM, a national cohort study.

Objective: Babies born between 27 and 31 weeks of gestation contribute substantially towards infant mortality and morbidity. In England, their care is delivered in maternity services colocated with highly specialised neonatal intensive care units (NICU) or less specialised local neonatal units (LNU). We investigated whether birth setting offered survival and/or morbidity advantages to inform National Health Service delivery.

Longer-term survival, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness of conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets in critically ill children: a pre-specified analysis from Oxy-PICU, a multicentre, open, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO) above 94% is typical in children in paediatric intensive critical care units (PICUs) who are receiving invasive ventilation and supplemental oxygen. In a previous report from the Oxy-PICU trial, we showed that lower (conservative) oxygenation targets (SpO 88-92%) are beneficial, showing small but statistically significant differences in duration of organ support and large but non-significant cost reductions at 30 days. In this pre-specified analysis of the Oxy-PICU trial, we compare longer-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of conservative versus liberal (SpO >94%) oxygenation targets in children with emergency PICU admission.

Transition from neonatal to paediatric intensive care of very preterm-born children: a cohort study of children born between 2013 and 2018 in England and Wales.

Objective: Following very preterm birth, some children require ongoing intensive care after the neonatal period and transition directly from neonatal units (NNUs) to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) around term-corrected age.We aimed to understand, at a national level, characteristics and outcomes of children born very preterm who transitioned directly from NNUs to PICUs.

Design: Retrospective cohort study, using data linkage of National Neonatal Research Database, Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network and Office for National Statistics datasets.

Cognitive Impairment is Common and Unrecognized in Vascular Surgery Patients.

Background: Patients' capacities to understand and act upon healthcare information is crucial to decision-making and high-quality care. Cognitive impairment (CI) has been associated with adverse outcomes across a range of diseases and surgeries. Despite the importance of CI, there is little to no information on its prevalence and severity in vascular surgery patients in the United States.

Front-Line Insights Into the Social Determinants of Health in Housing Instability: A Multi-Province Study.

Introduction: Individuals experiencing housing instability face significant health inequities. Addressing housing instability requires an understanding of the factors that contribute to these inequities-a responsibility that has been assumed by community-based organizations. Interviewing individuals from 3 Canadian provinces, the present study aimed to examine the perspectives of individuals from front-line services of the social determinants of health (SDoH) needs of individuals experiencing housing instability.

Timing of Neonatal Discharge and Unplanned Readmission to PICUs Among Infants Born Preterm.

Importance: Children born very preterm (<32 weeks) are at risk of ongoing morbidity and admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in childhood. However, the influence of the timing of neonatal discharge on unplanned PICU admission has not been established.

Objective: To examine whether the timing of neonatal discharge (postmenstrual age and season) is associated with subsequent unplanned PICU admission.

Applications of microscopy and small angle scattering techniques for the characterisation of supramolecular gels.

When evaluating soft self-assembling materials for use in any application, the structural or morphological characterisation is highly important. We know that the hierarchal molecular self-assembly of these materials into larger structures directly influences behaviours such as performance and stability. It is therefore imperative that these materials are characterised effectively over multiple length scales.

Health-related quality of life at 5 years of age for children born very preterm with congenital anomalies: a multi-national cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 5 years of age of European children born very preterm across multi-dimensional outcomes by presence and severity of congenital anomalies.

Methods: The study used data from a European cohort of children born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) and followed up to 5 years of age (N = 3493). Multilevel Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression were used to explore the associations between the presence and severity of congenital anomalies.

Comparing the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Cohorts of Children Born Extremely Preterm in 1995 and 2006: The EPICure Studies.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 2 population-based cohorts of children born extremely preterm (EP) 11 years apart to ascertain whether psychiatric outcomes have changed over time following improved survival of EP children.

Method: In the EPICure2 study, 200 children born EP (22-26 weeks' gestation) in England in 2006 were assessed at 11 years of age alongside 143 term-born children. Children were assessed using the Developmental and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA).

Transport of critically ill children to paediatric intensive care units in the UK and Ireland: 2013-2022.

Objective: To explore the trends and changes in the transport of children to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) between 2013 and 2022.

Design: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data.

Patients: Children transported for care in a PICU in the UK and Ireland aged<16 years.

Outpatient remdesivir treatment program for hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019: Patient perceptions, process and economic impact.

Background: Remdesivir is FDA-approved for the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Many patients improve clinically to allow for hospital dismissal before completing the 5-day course. In a prior work, patients who continued remdesivir in an outpatient setting experienced better 28-day clinical outcomes.

Rapid jail-based implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: People incarcerated in jails are highly impacted by the opioid epidemic, and overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) is an effective strategy to reduce opioid overdose deaths. This study examines barriers and facilitators of fast-track OEND implementation within the jails in the Wave 1 Kentucky counties of the HEALing Communities Study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Meeting minutes with jail stakeholders were qualitatively coded using the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) as the coding framework.

Recommendations for data collection in cohort studies of preterm born individuals - The RECAP Preterm Core Dataset.

Background: Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is associated with an increased risk of adverse health and developmental outcomes relative to birth at term. Existing guidelines for data collection in cohort studies of individuals born preterm are either limited in scope, have not been developed using formal consensus methodology, or did not involve a range of stakeholders in their development. Recommendations meeting these criteria would facilitate data pooling and harmonisation across studies.

Association of renal function with mortality among hospitalized patients treated with remdesivir for COVID-19.

Background And Aim: Renal dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In an effort to improve outcomes, intravenous remdesivir has been broadly used for the treatment of COVID-19 even in patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Our study assessed the residual risk of outcomes of patients with low eGFR despite treatment with remdesivir for COVID-19, during a timeframe prior to the expanded label across all levels of renal function.

Methods of changing low molecular weight gel properties through gelation kinetics.

Low molecular weight gels continue to attract notable interest, with many potential applications. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of these systems and the correlation between the pre-gel and final gel states. The kinetics of the gelation process plays a crucial role in the bulk properties of the hydrogel and presents an opportunity to fine-tune these systems to meet the requirements of the chosen application.

Atomic structures of naphthalene dipeptide micelles unravel mechanisms of assembly and gelation.

Peptide-based biopolymers have gained increasing attention due to their versatile applications. A naphthalene dipeptide (2NapFF) can form chirality-dependent tubular micelles, leading to supramolecular gels. The precise molecular arrangement within these micelles and the mechanism governing gelation have remained enigmatic.

How do ageism, death anxiety and ageing anxiety among medical students and residents affect their attitude towards medical care for older patients: a systematic review.

Background: Although the number of older patients requiring medical care is increasing, caring for older patients is often seen as unattractive by medical trainees (i.e., medical students, residents, interns, and fellows).

Impact of hypoalbuminemia on clinical outcomes among patients with obesity treated with ceftriaxone.

The use of ceftriaxone, a highly protein-bound drug, in the setting of hypoalbuminemia may result in suboptimal drug exposure. Patients with obesity also exhibit higher absolute drug clearance. We aimed to evaluate the impact of hypoalbuminemia on clinical success among hospitalized adults with obesity who were treated with ceftriaxone.

Tuning conductivity while maintaining mechanical properties in perylene bisimide hydrogels at physiological pH.

By using different salts as a method to achieve gelation of two different amino-acid-functionalised perylene bisimides, we were able to tune reduction potentials while maintaining the mechanical and optical properties of the system all at pH 7.4.

Characteristics of children requiring admission to neonatal care and paediatric intensive care before the age of 2 years in England and Wales: a data linkage study.

Objective: To quantify the characteristics of children admitted to neonatal units (NNUs) and paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) before the age of 2 years.

Design: A data linkage study of routinely collected data.

Setting: National Health Service NNUs and PICUs in England and Wales PATIENTS: Children born from 2013 to 2018.

Application of quasi solid electrolytes in organic based electrochromic devices: A mini review.

The interest in all solid organic based electrochromic devices (ECDs) is on the increase. This is because these devices offer the applicability of electrochromic materials in products such as smart sensors, smart windows, flexible wearables and energy storage devices. The use of quasi-solid electrolytes for the construction of these ECDs is attractive because of their ease of preparation, availability, low cost, improve electrochromic performance, good ionic conductivity and prevention of leakages in ECDs.