Anaerobic bacteria associated with osteomyelitis in domestic animals.

Specimens of bony tissue or adjacent soft tissue from 19 animals with osteomyelitis were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Fourteen specimens (74%) yielded anaerobic bacteria in pure culture or mixed with aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria. The most predominant genus encountered was an obligate anaerobe, Bacteroides.

Cavitation erosion of laser-surface-melted self-quenched Fe-AI bronze.

Laser surface melting (LSM) was used to transform the multiphase surface microstructure of an Fe-Al bronze C-624000 alloy into a homogeneous single-phase solution. As a result of the processing the LSM self-quenched material showed superior cavitation erosion resistance.

Detection of filarial antibodies in Malayan and Bancroftian filariasis by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using different filarial antigens.

Indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) using Wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae as antigen had the highest positivity rates in detecting Malayan and Bancroftian filariasis as compared to IFAT using antigens prepared from 5 other animal filarial species, Brugia pahangi, Dirofilaria immitis, Dipetalonema viteae, Litomosoides carinii and Onchocerca gutturosa. This study also recommends the use of human filarioids as the source of antigen in serological tests. However, before B.

Observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. II. The hypnozoite of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii from 3 to 105 days after infection, and detection of 36- to 40-hour pre-erythrocytic forms.

Confirmation of the existence of a persistent, uninucleate, dormant pre-erythrocytic stage, the hypnozoite, of the relapsing simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii, has been obtained by means of experiments involving the intravenous injection into susceptible monkeys of 48 to 85 x 10(6) sporozoites derived from mosquitoes of a different species and source than employed previously. The development of these hypnozoites was traced from 3 days until 105 days after sporozoite inoculation, employing a sensitive immunofluorescence technique followed by restaining with Giemsa. From an average mean diameter of 4 micrometers at 3 and 5 days, uninucleate hypnozoites grow to 5 micrometers at 7 days, then persist with little change until at least 105 days after infection.

Observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. I. Discovery of a new latent form of Plasmodium cynomolgi (the hypnozoite), and failure to detect hepatic forms within the first 24 hours after infection.

Previous work in this laboratory has demonstrated the ability of the immunofluorescence technique to detect pre-erythrocytic stages of the primate malaria parasite, Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii, in hepatic tissue obtained as early as 48 hours after sporozoite inoculation. In an attempt to visualize still earlier post-sporozoite stages, hepatic tissue obtained from a rhesus monkey infected with 12,000,000 sporozoites was examined at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours after inoculation, employing antisera reactive with both invertebrate and vertebrate stages of the parasite. Tissue was also obtained at 7, 50, 102, and 105 days after sporozoite inoculation, and was examined for adequacy of the hepatic infection and for the presence of late exoerythrocytic schizonts.

Detection of antibodies in Brugia pahangi-infected cats by counter immunoelectrophoresis, indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

In cats infected with Brugia pahangi, antibodies first appeared against the larvae (L3), then against the adults (L5) and the microfilariae (mf). Homologous antigens were better than antigens prepared from heterologous species (Dirofilaria immitis, Dipetalonema viteae, Litomosoides carinii and Onchocerca gutturosa) in detecting antibodies to B. pahangi in the infected cats by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).

Patterns of oral bacterial infection in captive snakes.

The bacterial isolates from culture specimens of snakes with infectious stomatitis were compared with those from culture specimens of the oral cavity of healthy captive snakes. Cloacal swab specimens were also taken from healthy snakes to compare their intestinal and oral bacterial populations. The healthy snakes had a predominantly gram-positive oral flora, with Corynebacterium spp and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp being the organisms isolated most frequently.

Detection of circulating antigens and immune complexes in feline and human lymphatic filariasis.

Circulating worm antigens were detected in 61% to 81% of sera from Brugia pahangi -infected cats and in 0-93% of sera from humans with malayan of bancroftian filariasis by counter immunoelectrophoresis and a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using rabbit antisera to B. pahangi adult worms. In some situations, both antigen tests were as sensitive as antibody tests.

A simple system of parenteral nutrition.

The practical problems involved in the preparation and delivery of parenteral nutrition may result in such treatment being withheld from patients who would benefit from it. A simple and reliable system is described which has been developed to overcome the more common problems.

A seroepidemiological survey in the Gezira, Sudan, with special reference to arboviruses.

A serological survey in the Gezira area of the Sudan confirmed that malaria and schistosomiasis were highly endemic. Of other parasitic infections amoebiasis was common but Toxoplasma was less than found in a previous survey. Poliomyelitis and measles infection were universal and there was an extremely high incidence of infection with hepatitis B.

A malaria outbreak due to Plasmodium malariae on the Island of Grenada.

An outbreak of Plasmodium malariae malaria occurred in Grenada some 16 years after the end of a malaria eradication campaign, probably due to renewal of transmission from recrudescent cases. Serological studies were used in addition to blood film surveys in defining the outbreak, and their value in such surveillance situations is emphasized.

Serological investigations in retrospective diagnosis of malaria.

Sera were obtained in 415 known cases of malaria (88 residents, 327 immigrants) at different times after diagnosis. Three antigens were used in the indirect fluorscence antibody test to detect antibodies to either Plasmodium falciparum or P vivax. Results in residents and immigrants were analysed separately.

The serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease: 2. Additional studies on selected sera using indirect haemagglutination (IHA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and defined antigen substrate spheres (DASS).

Sixty-one serum samples selected on the basis of reactivity in the complement fixation (CF) and latex agglutination (LA) test, were further examined for sensitivity and specificity by indirect haemagglutination (IHA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and defined antigen substrate spheres (DASS). Twenty sera from healthy Europeans and 48 samples from patients with either schistosomiasis or trichinosis were also tested. Comparable levels of sensitivity were found between the CF and LA positive sera and IHA, ELISA and DASS.